JP7455957B2 - 電気加熱式担体及び排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
電気加熱式担体及び排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7455957B2 JP7455957B2 JP2022505752A JP2022505752A JP7455957B2 JP 7455957 B2 JP7455957 B2 JP 7455957B2 JP 2022505752 A JP2022505752 A JP 2022505752A JP 2022505752 A JP2022505752 A JP 2022505752A JP 7455957 B2 JP7455957 B2 JP 7455957B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態における電気加熱式担体1を示す斜視図であり、図2は図1の電気加熱式担体1のセルの延伸方向に直交する断面図であり、図3は図2の領域IIIを拡大して示す拡大断面図である。
ハニカム構造体2は、柱状の構造体であり、外周壁20と、外周壁20の内側に配設され、一方の端面から他方の端面まで貫通して流路を形成する複数のセル21aを区画形成する隔壁21とを有する。
ハニカム構造体2には、外周壁20の表面上に一対の電極3a,3bが設けられており、電極3a,3bは導電性材料を含む。電極3a,3bは、ハニカム構造体2の中心軸を挟んで対向するように配設されている。しかしながら、ハニカム構造体2の周方向に係る電極3a,3bの配置位置は任意である。
ハニカム構造体2と電極3a,3bとの間には、中間層4a,4bが設けられている。本実施の形態の中間層4a,4bは、ハニカム構造体2の外周壁20と電極3a,3bの電極層30a,30bとの間に介在されている。中間層4a,4bは、外周壁20に含まれるケイ素が電極層30a,30bに移動することを阻害する。換言すると、ハニカム構造体2と電極3a,3bとの間に中間層4a,4bが設けられていることにより、ハニカム構造体2及び電極3a,3bが全面的かつ直接的に互いに接触されている場合と比較して、ケイ素の移動が抑制される。電極3a,3bの材質にもよるが、例えば、電極3a,3bにニッケルを含有した金属およびセラミックスの複合材料を用いた場合には、中間層4a,4bが設けられていることにより、電極3a,3b中のニッケルとハニカム構造体2中のケイ素との間に直接接触することを避けることが出来る。仮に、ハニカム構造体2が1000℃以上となる場合でも、ハニカム構造体2からニッケル側(電極3a,3b側)にケイ素が移動することを抑制し、かつ、脆性な金属化合物であるニッケルシリサイドの形成を抑制することができる。
電気加熱式担体1に触媒を担持することにより、電気加熱式担体1を触媒担体として使用することができる。複数のセル21aの流路には、例えば、自動車排気ガス等の流体を流すことができる。触媒としては、例えば、貴金属系触媒又はこれら以外の触媒が挙げられる。貴金属系触媒としては、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)、ロジウム(Rh)といった貴金属をアルミナ細孔表面に担持し、セリア、ジルコニア等の助触媒を含む三元触媒や酸化触媒、又は、アルカリ土類金属と白金を窒素酸化物(NOx)の吸蔵成分として含むNOx吸蔵還元触媒(LNT触媒)が例示される。貴金属を用いない触媒として、銅置換又は鉄置換ゼオライトを含むNOx選択還元触媒(SCR触媒)等が例示される。また、これらの触媒からなる群から選択される2種以上の触媒を用いてもよい。なお、触媒の担持方法についても特に制限はなく、従来、ハニカム構造体2に触媒を担持する担持方法に準じて行うことができる。
次に、本発明に係る電気加熱式担体を製造する方法について例示的に説明する。本発明の電気加熱式担体の製造方法は一実施形態において、電極端子形成ペースト付き未焼成ハニカム構造体を得る工程A1と、電極端子形成ペースト付き未焼成ハニカム構造体を焼成して電極端子付きハニカム構造体を得る工程A2とを含む。また、他の実施形態としては、電極層形成用ペースト、電極端子形成用ペーストを仮焼成後に、ハニカム構造体に貼り付けてもよい。また、カーボンで構成された電極端子については、カーボン製の電極端子をハニカム構造体に貼り付けてもよい。
次に、図4は、本発明の実施形態に係る排気ガス浄化装置を示す説明図である。上述した本発明の実施形態に係る電気加熱式担体1は、排気ガス浄化装置に用いることができる。当該排気ガス浄化装置は、電気加熱式担体1と、電気加熱式担体1を保持する金属製の缶体5とを有する。図4に示すように、電極端子31a,31bに接合された金属電極6a,6bをさらに有していてもよい。排気ガス浄化装置において、電気加熱式担体1は、エンジンからの排気ガスを流すための排気ガス流路の途中に設置される。
2 ハニカム構造体
20 外周壁
21 隔壁
21a セル
3a,3b 電極
30a,30b 電極層
31a,31b 電極端子
4a,4b 中間層
Claims (10)
- 外周壁と、前記外周壁の内側に配設され、一方の端面から他方の端面まで貫通して流路を形成する複数のセルを区画形成する隔壁と、を有し、通電されることにより発熱する柱状のハニカム構造体と、
前記外周壁の表面上に設けられた一対の電極と、
を備え、
前記ハニカム構造体がSiを含むセラミックスで構成され、
前記一対の電極が、導電性材料を含有し、
前記ハニカム構造体と前記電極との間に中間層を有し、
前記中間層の気孔率が0~50%であり、
前記中間層の材質が、ジルコニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、バナジウム、クロム、及びマンガンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含む、
電気加熱式担体。 - 前記中間層の熱伝導率が1W/mk以上である、
請求項1に記載の電気加熱式担体。 - 前記中間層の熱膨張係数αが10×10-6以下である、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電気加熱式担体。 - 前記中間層のヤング率が10~100GPaである、
請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の電気加熱式担体。 - 前記電極は、柱状の電極端子を有する、
請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の電気加熱式担体。 - 前記電極は、前記中間層と前記電極端子との間に介在された帯状の電極層をさらに有する、
請求項5に記載の電気加熱式担体。 - 前記Siを含むセラミックスが、SiC又はアルカリ系原子を含むホウケイ酸塩である、請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の電気加熱式担体。
- 前記ハニカム構造体は、アルカリ系原子を含むホウケイ酸塩から構成されるマトリックスと、導電性フィラーから構成されるドメインと、を有する
請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の電気加熱式担体。 - 前記隔壁の気孔率が30%未満である、
請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか一項に記載の電気加熱式担体。 - 請求項1から請求項9までのいずれか一項に記載の電気加熱式担体と、
前記電気加熱式担体を保持する缶体と
を備える、
排気ガス浄化装置。
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