JP6712003B2 - 医薬組成物及びその使用 - Google Patents
医薬組成物及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6712003B2 JP6712003B2 JP2019529880A JP2019529880A JP6712003B2 JP 6712003 B2 JP6712003 B2 JP 6712003B2 JP 2019529880 A JP2019529880 A JP 2019529880A JP 2019529880 A JP2019529880 A JP 2019529880A JP 6712003 B2 JP6712003 B2 JP 6712003B2
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Description
・APIの放出期間の持続を示す。
・本明細書に記載のAPIの、実質的に制御された低いバースト放出を示す。
・注射媒体に懸濁させるとき、長期間後であっても実質的に凝集しない。
・抗血栓性である。
・媒体とは別に用意され、例えばポイントオブケアにおいて再構成されることができる。
・媒体との実質的に完全な混合を確実にするために、手(例、振盪)で、ボルテックスで、又は他の装置(例、シングル又はデュアルバレルシリンジ)で媒体と容易に混合することができる。
・高い薬物負荷を有することができる。
・被験者(例、ヒト被験者又は霊長類の動物、イヌ、ネコ、ブタ、ウシ、ウマ、ヒツジなどの被験動物)を治療するために、1回の注射で反復注射を減らすことが可能になるように、注射後、安定かつ長期持続性である。
・毛細血管を通じて移動できる程度に十分に小さい。
・マイクロスフェア中のAPIが痛みの治療用である場合、局所疼痛緩和を可能にする。
・一般に使いやすい。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載の注射用組成物は、ポリマー中に実質的に分散されたAPIを含むマイクロスフェアであって、表面が親水性であるマイクロスフェアと、親水性媒体であって、マイクロスフェアが媒体中に実質的に分散可能である媒体とを含む。別の実施形態において、本明細書に記載の注射用組成物は、ポリマー中に実質的に分散されたAPIを含むマイクロスフェアであって、表面が疎水性であるマイクロスフェアと、疎水性媒体であって、マイクロスフェアが媒体中に実質的に分散可能である媒体とを含む。
いくつかの実施形態において、ポリマーはPLA/PLGAブロック共重合体である。いくつかの実施形態において、PLA/PLGAブロック共重合体は、約10kDa〜約300kDa、約20kDa〜約200kDa、又は約40kDa〜約100kDaの重量平均分子量(Mw)を有することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、PLA/PLGAブロック共重合体は3以下、2.5以下、2以下、さらには約1.8以下の多分散指数を有することができる。
用いることができるAPIの1つの特定の種類は、抗炎症剤、例えば合成グルココルチコイドステロイドを含む。合成グルココルチコイドステロイドの範囲内では、用いることができる特定のAPIは、デキサメタゾン及びそのエステル(例、酢酸デキサメタゾン、これは9α‐フルオロ‐11β,17α,21‐トリヒドロキシ‐16α‐メチルプレグナ‐1,4‐ジエン‐3,20‐ジオン21‐アセタートとしても知られる)である。
本明細書に記載のように、注射用組成物は、APIの望ましい又は必要な放出速度を提供するために製剤化することができる。特定の実施形態において、注射用組成物は、実質的に一次放出挙動を示すことができる。特定の代替実施形態において、注射用組成物は、実質的にゼロ次放出挙動を示すことができる。
特定の実施形態において、投与は超音波を用いて行われる。特定の代替実施形態において、投与は超音波を用いずに行われる。
実施例
以下の例示的な実施例は、試験を容易にし、有効量を決定し、本明細書に記載の医薬組成物を使用するための好ましい方法を説明するために提供される。以下の実施例は特許請求の範囲を限定するものではない。
材料及び方法
マイクロスフェア及び、本明細書に記載の種々の実施形態のマイクロスフェアを含む組成物は、特に、組成物のpH、APIのin vitro放出及び、存在する不純物を測定するために、当技術分野で公知のUSP法を用いて分析される。以下の表1は、マイクロスフェアと、本明細書に記載の種々の実施形態のマイクロスフェアを含む組成物とを分析するために用いられる種々の方法を示す。
ポリマー分解研究
マイクロスフェアを製造するために、酢酸エチル、酢酸デキサメタゾン、PLGA及びPLGA‐PEGを含む有機相を調製した。水相は1%PVA水溶液であった。スタティックミキサーを通じて設定流量で水相及び有機相をともにポンプで注入し、乳剤を調製した。スタティックミキサーに硬化水を加えてマイクロスフェアを硬化させた。マイクロスフェアは、連続バッチ方式を用いて製造した。濃縮した後、数滴の懸濁液を採取容器から摘出して粒径を測定した。等量のUSP水を採取容器に加え、濃縮物の元の容量に粒子バッチが再び濃縮される。このステップを3回繰り返した。最終粒径及び固形物含有量を測定した。凍結乾燥前に、固形物含有量の結果に基づいて懸濁液に10重量%のNaClを加えた。次いで、このバッチをSSプレートに移し(プレート当たり100mL量)、乾燥状態まで凍結乾燥した。
ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC:gel permeation chromatography)を用いてポリマーの分子量を測定した。溶媒としてTHFを用い、1mL/分の流速で30℃で3つのPLgel MIXED‐Cカラムで試料を分析した。100μ?の試料注入量を用い、運転時間は45分間であった。分子量の計算は、ポリスチレンと試料との間の差異に関する補正を行わずに、同じ日に、標準ポリスチレンに基づいて行った。特に低分子量におけるベースライン反応を確認するために、陰性対照のTHF試料も分析した。
マイクロスフェアの製造及び剤形の試験
方法[A1]:ブロック共重合体‐水性媒体で作成された、親水性表面を有するマイクロスフェア
本例において、以下の水中油型乳剤技術を用いて、活性APIを含むマイクロスフェアを製造することができる。最初に、API及び適切なポリマー(例、mPEG5000から開始された75/25乳酸/グリコール酸モル比を有するPLGAなどの、PEG‐block‐PLGA)を、(任意選択で微粒子を取り除くために前濾過した)適切な有機溶媒(酢酸エチル、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、テトラヒドロフラン、又は2つ以上の溶媒の組み合わせなど)に溶解することによって有機相を調製することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、ポリマーの濃度及び有機溶媒中のAPIのうちの少なくとも一方は、約1重量%〜約10重量%であり得る。いくつかの実施形態において、有機溶媒は、API及びポリマーのうちの少なくとも一方で飽和させることができる。いくつかの実施形態において、界面活性剤が用いられる。水相は、適切な界面活性剤(例、本明細書に開示された、加水分解されたポリビニルアルコール(PVA)などの界面活性剤)を水(例、任意選択で微粒子を取り除くために前濾過した、脱イオン水)に溶解することによって調製することができる。水(例、脱イオン水)は、いくつかの実施形態において、有機溶媒で飽和させることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、マイクロスフェアはジェットミルされる。乾燥(すなわち凍結乾燥)マイクロスフェアは、制御された送り速度でミルに送りこまれる。ミル内で、マイクロスフェアは、凝集した粒子を加速させる高速の高圧乾燥空気流と接触させられる。任意の凝集したマイクロスフェア間の衝突は脱凝集をもたらす。ジェットミル注入圧力及びマイクロスフェア送り速度は、マイクロスフェアが、脱凝集されるものの、ミル処理によって破損を受けるか又は別様に変化しないように選択することができる。乾燥空気及びマイクロスフェアはジェットミルを出るが、サイクロンを用いて、ジェットミルされたマイクロスフェアを排気流から回収することができる。ジェットミルされたマイクロスフェアは包装されて、冷蔵で、不活性雰囲気下で、及び/又は低水分雰囲気下で、シール容器(例、バイアル又はポーチ)中に保存される。シールバイアルは、分析又は投与の前にガンマ線照射することができる。
方法[A2]:ブロック共重合体‐水性媒体で作成された、親水性表面を有するマイクロスフェア
代替的な一アプローチは方法A1のステップを含むが、ポリマーがPEG‐block‐PLGAである場合、得られるマイクロスフェアの全体的PEG含有量を減らすために、有機相にさらなるPLGAを添加することができる。
方法[A3]:ブロック共重合体‐水性媒体で作成された、親水性表面を有するマイクロスフェア
代替的な一アプローチは、方法A1のステップを含むが、乳剤はマイクロ流体化されず、硬化されたマイクロスフェアは、100μm及び20μmフィルターを通して段階的に分離されることができる。
方法[AX]親水性表面を有するマイクロスフェア‐水性媒体
マイクロスフェアは、水中油型乳剤技術によって製造することができる。有機相は、2重量/容量%〜4重量/容量%の酢酸デキサメタゾン、3〜8重量/容量%のポリ(乳酸‐co‐グリコール酸)、及び0.05〜0.5重量%のポリエチレングリコール‐block‐ポリ(乳酸‐co‐グリコール酸)を酢酸エチルに溶解することによって調製することができる。水相は、滅菌精製水に0.1〜4%のポリビニルアルコールを溶解することによって調製することができる。水性相及び水相は、両液を、5:1〜1.25:1の比率で計量ポンプを用いてT字継手で混合することができる。このT字継手からの溶出液は、スタティックミキサーを通じて混合物を通過させることによって乳化させることができる。乳剤は、0℃〜15℃の温度を有する精製水とさらに混合することができ、この混合物は管系を通りぬけて、マイクロスフェアを硬化させる。管系は、任意選択で、レイノルズ数1000〜12000での流れを生じさせ、かつマイクロスフェアを硬化するのに十分な時空(30〜120秒のオーダーであり得る)を有するようなサイズに作られることができる。
方法[B1]:疎水性表面を有するマイクロスフェア‐油性媒体
マイクロスフェアは、水中油型乳剤技術によって製造することができる。有機相は、酢酸デキサメタゾン及び75/25ポリ(乳酸‐co‐グリコール酸)をジクロロメタン又は酢酸エチルに溶解することによって調製することができる。水相は、ポリビニルアルコールを脱イオン水に溶解することによって調製することができる。次いで、脱イオン水をジクロロメタン及び酢酸デキサメタゾンで飽和させることができる。水相に有機相を加え、高せん断回転浸漬ミキサーでかき混ぜることによって乳剤を形成することができる。得られた水中油型乳剤を、高せん断マイクロフルイダイザーでさらに処理して、油滴サイズを減少させることができる。得られた乳剤を過量の脱イオン水に添加して継続的にかき混ぜることによって、ポリマーのマイクロスフェアを硬化させることができる。60分後、得られたマイクロスフェアを、50μm、10μm及び1μmフィルターを通じて分離することができる。1ミクロンのフィルター上に採取した粒子を脱イオン水で洗浄し、凍結乾燥し、次いでさらなる分析のために冷蔵してシール容器中に保存することができる。シールバイアルは、分析又は投与の前にガンマ線照射することができる。
in vivo研究
X線透視ガイド下注射を用いる、被験イヌへの硬膜外投与
このアプローチは、Cohen(コーエン)によって記載されたバージョン(上記参照)の改変バージョンである。雌雄のビーグル犬を順化させ、ベースラインの神経学的検査及び臨床化学検査に供することができる。治療に先立って、プロポフォールでイヌに麻酔をかけることができる。注射部位の毛を剃って、L6‐7又はL7‐S1の隙間に19ゲージ硬膜外テューイ針を挿入することができる。22ゲージカテーテルを、おおよそL2〜L3レベルにまで8〜10cm通すことができる。カテーテルの位置は、X線透視下で造影剤の注射によって確かめることができる。本明細書に記載の種々の方法に従って製造したマイクロスフェアの水性懸濁液2mLを、約2分間にわたって注射することができる。約10分後、カテーテルを取り外すことができる。手術の前後に、例えば温度及び特定の行動測定(疼痛許容、反射、可動性など)を含む被験者ベースラインを得ることができる。注射の前、及び注射後2日毎に84日間、注入された医薬組成物の安全性を観察するために、心拍数、尾部の血圧、脊髄反射、感覚及び疼痛反応、固有感覚、歩容及び運動、脳神経機能ならびに眼底鏡検査データを記録することができる。医薬品及びその代謝物を分析するために、注射前に、注射後に1、2、4、8、24及び72時間の間隔で、その後7日間毎に血液試料を採取することができる。前出のCohen(コーエン)に記載されているように、動物のサブセットにおいて、スケジュールされた間隔で剖検及び組織病理学検査を行うことができる。
X線透視ガイド下注射を用いる、ウサギへの硬膜外投与
本明細書に記載のタイプの医薬組成物は、梗塞に由来する内科的合併症のリスクを減少させるために用いることができる。本明細書に記載の治療のために、ウサギを用意することができる。マイクロスフェアの標的注射部位は、投与前に造影剤を用いて確かめることができる。3匹のウサギにおいて、本明細書の方法[A3]で製造される、>10μmの平均粒径を有する医薬組成物0.05〜0.2mLの注射を、脳に直接流れ込む総頚動脈(CCA:common carotid artery)又は内頚動脈(ICA:internal carotid artery)に直接投与することができる。あるいは、ウサギに、結晶性であるが球形ではないコルチコステロイド医薬品(デポ・メドロール又はケナログなど)を投与することができる。例えば、比較のために、方法[A1]によって製造した、<10μmの粒径を有する医薬組成物を用いることができる。注射前、及び各注射の後6時間毎に、心拍数、神経脱落症状スコアリング、脊髄反射及び体温を測定することができる。72時間後に、より大きなマイクロスフェア組成物を注射された被験者に存在する梗塞(もしあれば)の程度を測定するために、本明細書に記載の剖検/組織病理学検査を行うことができる。
ウサギへの水晶体内注射
麻酔をかけたニュージーランドダッチベルトウサギを、この研究に用いることができる。治療する眼に局所抗生物質点眼薬を適用することができ、かつ方法[B1]で製造されたマイクロスフェア組成物0.1mLを水性媒体[C‐a]又はシリコーンオイル[C‐s]のいずれかで硝子体に25ゲージ針で注射することができる。治療に先立って、ベースライン眼底写真を撮影することができ、かつ眼科検査を行うことができる。スケジュールされた時間に動物を安楽死させ、治療した眼の硝子体を郭清によって除去することができる。マイクロスフェアを硝子体液から分離することができる。硝子体液の薬物含有量及び分離されたマイクロスフェアを、当技術分野で公知の技術を用いて試験することができる。第2のウサギ集団において、全眼を摘出して凍結することができる。注射内容物の位置及びサイズのドメインを測定するために、凍結した眼のクライオミクロトーム断片を採取することができる。
実施形態1は、概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアであって、少なくとも1つのポリマー中に実質的に分散された少なくとも1つのAPIと、概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアの外面の凍結保護剤と、を含む概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアにおいて、概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアが、約10μm未満のD99[num]粒径、約0.8〜約1.0のD90[num]真円度値を有し、かつポリマーの約20〜約40重量%量のAPIを含む、概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアに関する。
実施形態3は、マイクロスフェアが約15μm未満のD100[num]粒径を有する、実施形態1〜2に記載のマイクロスフェアに関する。
実施形態5は、複数のマイクロスフェアが低多孔性を有する、実施形態1〜4に記載のマイクロスフェアに関する。
実施形態7は、少なくとも1つのAPIが、オピオイド、消炎薬、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害薬、抗生物質、又はホルモンのうちの少なくとも1つである、実施形態6に記載のマイクロスフェアに関する。
実施形態10は、合成グルココルチコイドステロイドが酢酸デキサメタゾン、すなわち9α‐フルオロ‐11β,17α,21‐トリヒドロキシ‐16α‐メチルプレグナ‐1,4‐ジエン‐3,20‐ジオン21‐アセタートである、実施形態9に記載のマイクロスフェアに関する。
実施形態12は、少なくとも1つのポリマーが乳酸とグリコール酸との共重合体(PLGA)である、実施形態1〜11に記載のマイクロスフェアに関する。
実施形態15は、実施形態1〜14に記載の複数のマイクロスフェアと媒体とを含む、注射用組成物に関する。
実施形態19は、媒体が水性媒体である、実施形態15〜18に記載の注射用組成物に関する。
実施形態21は、複数のマイクロスフェアが媒体中に約1mg/mL〜約500mg/mLの濃度で存在する、実施形態15〜20に記載の注射用組成物に関する。
実施形態24は、投与が約56日間に1回のみ行われる、実施形態23に記載の方法に関する。
実施形態27は、組成物が約56日間に1回のみ投与される、実施形態25に記載の注射用組成物に関する。
Claims (22)
- 概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアであって、
少なくとも1つのポリマー中に実質的に分散された少なくとも1つの活性医薬成分であって、前記少なくとも1つのポリマーがPLGA‐block‐PEG及びPLGAのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、少なくとも1つの活性医薬成分と、前記概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアの外面にあり、塩である凍結保護剤とを含んでなる前記概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアにおいて、前記概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェアが、
約10μm未満のD99[num]粒径、及び
約0.8〜約1.0のD90[num]真円度値を有し、かつ
前記ポリマーの約20〜約40重量%量の活性医薬成分を含んでなる、概ね球形の複数のマイクロスフェア。 - 前記マイクロスフェアが約1μm〜約4μmのD50[num]粒径を有する、請求項1に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記マイクロスフェアが約15μm未満のD100[num]粒径を有する、請求項1に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記マイクロスフェアが約0.95〜約1.0のD90[num]真円度値を有する、請求項1に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性医薬成分が痛みを治療する、請求項1に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性医薬成分が、オピオイド、消炎薬、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害薬、抗生物質、又はホルモンのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項5に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記消炎薬が、非ステロイド系抗炎症薬(NSAID)、COX‐2選択的阻害薬、疾患修飾性抗リウマチ薬(DMARD)、又はコルチコステロイドもしくはそのエステルのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項6に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記消炎薬が合成グルココルチコイドステロイドである、請求項6に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記合成グルココルチコイドステロイドが酢酸デキサメタゾン、すなわち9α‐フルオロ‐11β,17α,21‐トリヒドロキシ‐16α‐メチルプレグナ‐1,4‐ジエン‐3,20‐ジオン21‐アセタートである、請求項8に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリマーが両親媒性ブロック共重合体を含む、請求項1に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記少なくとも1つのポリマーが乳酸とグリコール酸との共重合体(PLGA)である、請求項1に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 前記マイクロスフェアが生分解性、生体内分解性及び生体適合性のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載のマイクロスフェア。
- 請求項1に記載の複数のマイクロスフェアと媒体とを含む、注射用組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性医薬成分が前記ポリマー中に実質的に分散され、前記注射用組成物が、他に、前記媒体に不溶の活性医薬成分を実質的に含まない、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 前記複数のマイクロスフェアが、被験者への前記注射用組成物の投与後48時間以内に前記活性医薬成分の約2%〜約30%を放出し、かつ約14〜約120日間にわたって前記少なくとも1つの活性医薬成分を放出する、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 前記媒体が液体媒体である、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 前記媒体が水性媒体である、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 前記注射用組成物が少なくとも1つの薬学的に許容される賦形剤をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 前記複数のマイクロスフェアが前記媒体中に約1mg/mL〜約500mg/mLの濃度で存在する、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 頭痛、神経根症、背部痛、強直性脊椎炎、炎症、てんかん、神経因性疼痛、顔面潮紅、むずむず脚症候群、多発性硬化症、血管攣縮、重症筋無力症、関節痛、痛風、関節リウマチ、三叉神経痛又は骨盤臓器脱を治療するための方法に使用するための、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 前記注射用組成物が約14日間に1回のみ投与される、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
- 前記注射用組成物が約56日間に1回のみ投与される、請求項13に記載の注射用組成物。
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2019
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10925883B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2021-02-23 | SpineThera | Pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof |
US11771707B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2023-10-03 | SpineThera | Pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof |
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US10925883B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
ES2784522T3 (es) | 2020-09-28 |
IL266205B (en) | 2020-05-31 |
CN110099677A (zh) | 2019-08-06 |
MX2019004830A (es) | 2019-08-05 |
EP3515404B1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
AU2016428204A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
AU2016428204B2 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
JP2019533716A (ja) | 2019-11-21 |
IL266205A (en) | 2019-05-30 |
WO2018080521A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
BR112019008493A2 (pt) | 2019-07-09 |
KR102135537B1 (ko) | 2020-07-17 |
CA3042009A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
US20190269698A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 |
US11771707B2 (en) | 2023-10-03 |
EP3515404A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
CN117503709A (zh) | 2024-02-06 |
CN114146057A (zh) | 2022-03-08 |
US20210186988A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
CA3042009C (en) | 2020-05-19 |
PH12019500947A1 (en) | 2019-12-02 |
KR20190084998A (ko) | 2019-07-17 |
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