JP6686920B2 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 262
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04529—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとの電気化学反応によって電気エネルギを出力する固体高分子型の燃料電池(10)を備える燃料電池システムであって、
燃料電池に対して所定の基準周波数以下の低周波数の低周波信号を重畳させる低周波重畳部(510)と、
低周波重畳部にて低周波信号が重畳された際の燃料電池のインピーダンスを算出するインピーダンス算出部(520)と、
インピーダンス算出部で算出されたインピーダンスに基づいて、燃料電池の内部における乾燥度合を診断する診断部(530)と、
燃料電池における酸化剤ガスのガス量を調整する酸化剤ガス量調整部(22、23、24)と、を備え、
診断部は、酸化剤ガス量調整部によって酸化剤ガスのガス量が所定の基準ガス量以下に調整された際に、インピーダンスに基づいて、燃料電池の内部における乾燥度合を診断する構成となっている。
(空気極側)2H++1/2O2+2e−→H2O ・・・(式2)
図1に戻り、燃料電池10は、双方向に電力供給可能なDC−DCコンバータ51aを介して、各種電気負荷に電気的に接続されている。DC−DCコンバータ51aは、電圧センサ52aおよび電流センサ52bと共に、燃料電池10から各種電気負荷、あるいは、各種電気負荷から燃料電池10への電力の流れを制御する電流制御装置51を構成している。なお、本実施形態の電流制御装置51は、診断装置5の一構成要素として機能する。
(空気極側)2H++2e−→H2 ・・・(式4)
このポンピング水素反応は、酸素の還元反応を伴わない反応であり、等価回路における酸素の拡散抵抗Zが無視できるレベルまで低下する。このため、燃料電池10に対する空気の供給量が不足した状態における低周波インピーダンスには、酸素の拡散抵抗Zが殆ど含まれず、プロトン移動抵抗Rohmとの相関性が高くなる。すなわち、燃料電池10に対する空気の供給量が不足した状態における低周波インピーダンスは、高周波インピーダンスと同様に変化する。
以上、本発明の代表的な実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されることなく、例えば、以下のように種々変形可能である。
上述の実施形態の一部または全部で示された第1の観点によれば、燃料電池システムは、燃料電池の内部の酸化剤ガスのガス量が基準ガス量以下に調整された際に、燃料電池の低周波インピーダンスに基づいて、燃料電池の内部における乾燥度合を診断する。
10 燃料電池
22 空気ポンプ(酸化剤ガス量調整部)
23 空気調圧弁(酸化剤ガス量調整部)
24 電磁弁(酸化剤ガス量調整部)
510 交流成分ΔI付加部(低周波重畳部)
520 Zn算出部(インピーダンス算出部)
530 診断部
Claims (3)
- 燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとの電気化学反応によって電気エネルギを出力する固体高分子型の燃料電池(10)を備える燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池に対して所定の基準周波数以下の低周波数の低周波信号を重畳させる低周波重畳部(510)と、
前記低周波重畳部にて前記低周波信号が重畳された際の前記燃料電池のインピーダンスを算出するインピーダンス算出部(520)と、
前記インピーダンス算出部で算出された前記インピーダンスに基づいて、前記燃料電池の内部における乾燥度合を診断する診断部(530)と、
前記燃料電池における前記酸化剤ガスのガス量を調整する酸化剤ガス量調整部(22、23、24)と、を備え、
前記診断部は、前記酸化剤ガス量調整部によって前記酸化剤ガスのガス量が所定の基準ガス量以下に調整された際に、前記インピーダンスに基づいて、前記燃料電池の内部における乾燥度合を診断する燃料電池システム。 - 前記酸化剤ガス量調整部を制御するガス量制御部(50a)を備え、
前記ガス量制御部は、前記燃料電池へ要求される要求電力が所定の基準電力以下となる際に、前記酸化剤ガスのガス量が前記基準ガス量以下に調整されるように前記酸化剤ガス量調整部を制御する請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池の内部の含水量を回復させる含水量回復処理を実行する回復処理実行部(50b)を備え、
前記回復処理実行部は、前記診断部にて前記燃料電池の含水量が不足した含水量不足状態と診断された場合に、前記含水量回復処理を実行する請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。
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JP2017016938A JP6686920B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 | 2017-02-01 | 燃料電池システム |
CN201810071595.8A CN108390088B (zh) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-01-25 | 燃料电池系统 |
US15/879,814 US10714775B2 (en) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-01-25 | Fuel cell system |
DE102018101630.1A DE102018101630B4 (de) | 2017-02-01 | 2018-01-25 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
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JP2017016938A JP6686920B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 | 2017-02-01 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2018125189A JP2018125189A (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
JP6686920B2 true JP6686920B2 (ja) | 2020-04-22 |
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US (1) | US10714775B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6686920B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108390088B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102018101630B4 (ja) |
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CN111600050B (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-03-29 | 上海汉翱新能源科技有限公司 | 一种多功能质子交换膜燃料电池测试台架 |
JP7363680B2 (ja) * | 2020-06-24 | 2023-10-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2022154403A (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車両システム、車両システムの制御方法及び車両システムの制御プログラム |
CN115032553B (zh) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-09-15 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | 一种车载燃料电池在线诊断方法和系统 |
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US7235318B2 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-06-26 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell system back-pressure control with a discrete valve |
JPWO2005088753A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2007-08-09 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの故障診断方法とこれを用いた故障診断装置、および燃料電池システム |
JP4595367B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-30 | 2010-12-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の劣化診断方法及び装置 |
JP4924790B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-30 | 2012-04-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2007250461A (ja) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Fujitsu Ltd | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
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JP4479787B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-08 | 2010-06-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4640661B2 (ja) | 2009-01-13 | 2011-03-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5392166B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-02 | 2014-01-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2013140715A (ja) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-07-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
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CN108390088A (zh) | 2018-08-10 |
US10714775B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
JP2018125189A (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
US20180219239A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
DE102018101630B4 (de) | 2022-01-27 |
DE102018101630A1 (de) | 2018-08-02 |
CN108390088B (zh) | 2021-02-12 |
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