JP6670377B2 - 積層型光電変換装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
積層型光電変換装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6670377B2 JP6670377B2 JP2018516996A JP2018516996A JP6670377B2 JP 6670377 B2 JP6670377 B2 JP 6670377B2 JP 2018516996 A JP2018516996 A JP 2018516996A JP 2018516996 A JP2018516996 A JP 2018516996A JP 6670377 B2 JP6670377 B2 JP 6670377B2
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- photoelectric conversion
- layer
- conversion unit
- crystalline silicon
- texture
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 170
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 80
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 66
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 66
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 30
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 7
- LLWRXQXPJMPHLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].[NH3+]C LLWRXQXPJMPHLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron Chemical compound B#B ZOCHARZZJNPSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen pentaoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[N+]([O-])=O ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207739-72-8 Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001167 Poly(triaryl amine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylzinc Chemical compound C[Zn]C AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
- H01L31/022483—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers composed of zinc oxide [ZnO]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
- H01L31/02363—Special surface textures of the semiconductor body itself, e.g. textured active layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0725—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
-
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Description
(結晶シリコンセルの作製)
厚みが200μmのn型単結晶シリコン基板をアルカリ溶液に浸漬して、シリコン基板の両面の異方性エッチングを行い、(111)面が露出したピラミッド型のテクスチャを、基板の両面に形成した。テクスチャの平均凹凸高さは1.5μmであった。エッチング後のシリコン基板をCVD装置に導入し、プラズマCVDにより、真性非晶質シリコン薄膜およびp型非晶質シリコン薄膜を製膜した。
p型非晶質シリコン薄膜上に、ペロブスカイトセルの電子輸送層として、膜厚50nmの酸化チタン層を電子線蒸着法により製膜した。走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)により製膜表面を観察したところ、テクスチャを有する結晶シリコンセル上の全面に、酸化チタン層が均一に製膜されていた。
比較例1と同様にして、テクスチャが形成されたシリコン基板上に、プラズマCVDにより、真性非晶質シリコン薄膜およびp型非晶質シリコン薄膜を製膜した。p型非晶質シリコン薄膜上に、基板温度150℃で、ジエチル亜鉛((C2H5)2Zn)、水(H2O)、水素(H2)および水素で0.5%に希釈したジボラン(B2H6)を、流量比1:1.5:1.5:1.5となるように導入し、圧力25Paで、MOCVDにより酸化亜鉛を製膜した。酸化亜鉛の膜厚は、1.7μm(参考例1)、2.9μm(参考例2)および4.8μmとした。なお、膜厚は、平坦なシリコン基板上に同条件で成膜した酸化亜鉛層の膜厚から求めた製膜速度に基づく算出値である。
参考例2と同様にして、テクスチャが形成されたシリコン基板上に、プラズマCVDにより、真性非晶質シリコン薄膜およびp型非晶質シリコン薄膜を製膜し、その上にMOCVD法により膜厚2.9μmの酸化亜鉛を製膜した。酸化亜鉛層上に、比較例1と同様にして、膜厚50nmの酸化チタン層を製膜し、その上にヨウ化鉛およびヨウ化メチルアンモニウムの溶液塗布し、加熱を行った。
参考例4と同様にして、テクスチャが形成されたシリコン基板上に、プラズマCVDにより、真性非晶質シリコン薄膜およびp型非晶質シリコン薄膜を製膜し、その上にMOCVD法により膜厚2.9μmの酸化亜鉛を製膜した。酸化亜鉛層上に、室温でDCマグネトロンスパッタにより、膜厚100nmのITOを製膜した。ITO層上に、比較例1と同様にして、膜厚50nmの酸化チタン層を製膜し、その上にヨウ化鉛およびヨウ化メチルアンモニウムの溶液塗布し、加熱を行った。
酸化亜鉛層上のITO層の膜厚を5nmに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして各層の製膜を実施した。製膜面のSEM観察像を図8に示す。ITO層の膜厚が5nmの場合も、ITO層の膜厚が100nmの実施例1と同様に均一なペロブスカイト結晶材料膜が形成されていた。
参考例4と同様にして、テクスチャが形成されたシリコン基板上に、プラズマCVDにより、真性非晶質シリコン薄膜およびp型非晶質シリコン薄膜を製膜し、その上にMOCVD法により膜厚2.2μmの酸化亜鉛を製膜した。酸化亜鉛の製膜表面に対して、反応性イオンエッチング(RIE)を実施して、表面の改質を行った。RIE前後の酸化亜鉛膜表面のSEM観察像を図9に示す。
比較例1と同様にして、テクスチャが形成されたシリコン基板上に、プラズマCVDにより、真性非晶質シリコン薄膜およびp型非晶質シリコン薄膜を製膜した。p型非晶質シリコン薄膜上に、乾燥後厚みが1μmとなるようにITOインクを塗布し、180℃で30分間加熱を行い、塗布層を固化させた。ITO層上に、比較例1と同様にして、膜厚50nmの酸化チタン層を製膜し、その上にヨウ化鉛およびヨウ化メチルアンモニウムを溶液塗布し、加熱を行った。製膜面および断面のSEM観察像を図11に示す。中間層として塗布型の導電層を用いた実施例4においても、実施例1〜3と同様に、均一な膜が形成されていた。
2 薄膜光電変換ユニット
22 光吸収層
21,23 半導体層
3 中間透明導電層
30 導電性酸化物層
31 異質層
4 結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニット
42 結晶シリコン基板
41,43 半導体層
5 裏面電極
Claims (10)
- 結晶シリコン基板を含む結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニット上に薄膜光電変換ユニットを備える積層型光電変換装置の製造方法であって、
結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニットの受光面上に、中間透明導電層を形成する工程;および
前記中間透明導電層上に、薄膜光電変換ユニットを形成する工程を有し、
前記結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニットの受光面には、平均凹凸高さが0.5μm以上のテクスチャが設けられており、
前記中間透明導電層を形成する工程において、
MOCVD法により、前記結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニットの受光面のテクスチャの凹部を埋設し、テクスチャ凸部の頂点を覆うように、第一導電性酸化物層が1μm以上の膜厚で製膜され、
さらに、前記第一導電性酸化物層の表面に異質層が形成され、
前記薄膜光電変換ユニットの少なくとも一部が、湿式法により製膜される、積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。 - 前記中間透明導電層は、薄膜光電変換ユニット側界面における平均凹凸高さが500nm以下となるように形成される、請求項1に記載の積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記第一導電性酸化物層上に、スパッタ法により第二導電性酸化物層を製膜することによって前記異質層が形成される、請求項1または2に記載の積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記第一導電性酸化物層の表面をプラズマに曝す処理により前記異質層が形成される、請求項1または2に記載の積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記プラズマに曝す処理が、反応性イオンエッチングにより行われる、請求項4に記載の積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記第一導電性酸化物層として、MOCVD法により酸化亜鉛が製膜される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニットの受光面の平均凹凸高さが2μm以下である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記薄膜光電変換ユニットがペロブスカイト型結晶材料を含有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の積層型光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 結晶シリコン基板を含む結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニット、中間透明導電層、および薄膜光電変換ユニットを順に備える積層型光電変換装置であって、
前記結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニットの受光面には、平均凹凸高さが0.5μm以上のテクスチャが設けられており、
前記中間透明導電層は、前記結晶シリコン系光電変換ユニットの受光面のテクスチャの凹部内に埋設され、かつテクスチャ凸部の頂点を覆うように1μm以上の膜厚で設けられており、
前記中間透明導電層は、第一導電性酸化物層、および前記第一導電性酸化物層の受光面側に接して設けられた異質層を含み、前記異質層は、テクスチャの凹部内に埋設されている第一導電性酸化物層とは異質の材料から構成されており、
前記中間透明導電層の薄膜光電変換ユニット側界面における平均凹凸高さが500nm以下である、積層型光電変換装置。 - 前記薄膜光電変換ユニットがペロブスカイト型結晶材料を含有する、請求項9に記載の積層型光電変換装置。
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JP6103867B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-12 | 2017-03-29 | シャープ株式会社 | 光電変換素子および光電変換素子の製造方法 |
US10615297B2 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2020-04-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electrode formation for heterojunction solar cells |
JP5991945B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-09-14 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 太陽電池および太陽電池モジュール |
CN105493304B (zh) * | 2013-08-06 | 2020-01-31 | 新南创新私人有限公司 | 高效堆叠的太阳能电池 |
GB201510351D0 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-07-29 | Oxford Photovoltaics Ltd | Method of depositioning a perovskite material |
EP3308401B1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2024-02-21 | Oxford Photovoltaics Limited | Multijunction photovoltaic device |
WO2017057646A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | 株式会社カネカ | 多接合型光電変換装置および光電変換モジュール |
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