JP6669784B2 - レドックスフロー電池のための炭素フェルト電極の準備のためのプロセス - Google Patents
レドックスフロー電池のための炭素フェルト電極の準備のためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6669784B2 JP6669784B2 JP2017567691A JP2017567691A JP6669784B2 JP 6669784 B2 JP6669784 B2 JP 6669784B2 JP 2017567691 A JP2017567691 A JP 2017567691A JP 2017567691 A JP2017567691 A JP 2017567691A JP 6669784 B2 JP6669784 B2 JP 6669784B2
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- felt
- metal
- carbon
- redox flow
- fibers
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LMHHRCOWPQNFTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-propan-2-yl azepane-1-carbothioate Chemical compound CC(C)SC(=O)N1CCCCCC1 LMHHRCOWPQNFTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- WZGYGOADZIWACC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC.[Bi] Chemical compound CCCCCC.[Bi] WZGYGOADZIWACC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010014418 Electrolyte imbalance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- KNPRLIQQQKEOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yloxy)bismuthane Chemical compound [Bi+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] KNPRLIQQQKEOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSBGPEACXKBQSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluorophenyl) carbonochloridate Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(OC(Cl)=O)C=C1 MSBGPEACXKBQSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXTQARDVRPFFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sb].[H][H] Chemical compound [Sb].[H][H] TXTQARDVRPFFHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 graphite compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- RJMMFJHMVBOLGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+) Chemical compound [In+3] RJMMFJHMVBOLGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033772 system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVZUSPADPSOQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yloxy)indigane Chemical compound [In+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] OVZUSPADPSOQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005287 vanadyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
- D01F9/225—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles from stabilised polyacrylonitriles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
- D06M13/503—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms without bond between a carbon atom and a metal or a boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
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- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/26—Polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- D06M2101/28—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Description
分散液1A:
溶液、又は分散液は、水/イソプロパノール(9:1)における1重量%ビスマス(III)イソプロポキシドから製造される。
溶液、又は分散液は、水/イソプロパノール(9:1)における0.5重量%ビスマス(III)イソプロポキシド、0.5重量%ヘキサン塩ビスマス、及び0.4重量%スズイソプロピレートから製造される。
溶液、又は分散液は、水/イソプロパノール(9:1)における1重量%ヘキサン塩ビスマス、0.5重量%インジウム(III)イソプロピレート、及び0.3重量%アンチモン(III)イソプロピレートから製造される。
3重量%の量におけるビスマス(III)酸化物(ナノスケール80−200nm)、及び、1重量%の量におけるインジウムイソプロポキシドは、ポリアクリロニトリル及び溶媒(DMF)の紡糸液へ加えられ、これからポリマー繊維がウェットスピンによって製造される。280°Cでの通常の雰囲気条件下での繊維の熱酸化の後で、上記繊維は、カールしたステープル繊維に加工される(62mm繊維長さ)。コーミング/カーディングの後で、上記繊維は、単一の層又は多数の層のウェブを形成するために配置され、1つの側面又は両方の側面の上でニードルパンチングによってフェルト(400g/m2から700g/m2の単位面積当たりの質量)に加工される。続いて、炭化は、1480°Cの温度で連続炉において不活性雰囲気において起こる。
比表面積(BET)は、クリプトン収着(DIN−ISO 9277)によって決定された。面間隔(d002)及び結晶子高さ(LC)は、(002)回折最大値からのX線回折によって決定された(DIN EN 13925)。フェルト平面(z)に対して垂直な電気比抵抗は、初期厚さの80%のフェルトの圧縮の間に金の接触を用いて2点測定によって決定された。パラメータは、材料に関して得られた。
電極特性を決定するために、20cm2の電極表面積を有する個別のバナジウムレドックスフロー電池においてフェルト及び参照材料が分析された。それらの初期の厚さの75%へ圧縮された材料は、それぞれアノード及びカソードへ適用された。部分的にフッ素化されたアニオン交換膜(Fumasep FAP 450、Fumatech GmbH、Bietigheim−Bissingen)は、セパレータとして用いられ、グラファイト化合物プレートは、電流コレクタとして用いられた。すべてのセル試験は、0.8Mバナジウム/4M硫酸塩及び80mL/分の電解質流量を用いて実施された。
(A):制御サンプル1からのタイプの2つの電極を用いる電流密度(mA/cm2)の関数としての個別のバナジウムレドックスフロー電池セルの電圧効率(%)
(B):制御サンプル2
(C):実施形態1、分散液1A
(D):実施形態2
(A):制御サンプル1からのタイプの2つの電極を用いる電流密度(mA/cm2)の関数としての個別のバナジウムレドックスフロー電池セルの充電効率(%)
(B):制御サンプル2
(C):実施形態1、分散液1A
(D):実施形態2
Claims (11)
- 炭素繊維から、10m 2 /gまでのBET表面積を有する金属ドープされたフェルトを製造するための方法であって、予備酸化されたポリアクリロニトリル繊維から成る布地構造が、1500°Cまでの温度で炭化され、前駆体繊維としてのポリアクリロニトリルが、金属前駆体によって官能化されることを特徴とする、方法。
- 前記布地構造が、フェルトであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェルトが、0.5mmから10mmの厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェルトが、100g/m2から1000g/m2の、単位面積当たりの重量を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェルトが、0.4m2/gから10m2/gのBET表面積を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェルトが、0.0005ohm・mから0.005ohm・mの、フェルト方向に対して垂直な電気比抵抗を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェルトが、90%から99%の炭素含有量を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェルトが、0.2%から5%の窒素の割合を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェルトが、3.40オングストロームから3.55オングストロームの面間隔を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属ドープされたフェルトにおけるスズ、ビスマス、マンガン、インジウム、リン及び/又はアンチモンの割合が、各場合において200ppmから10000ppmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- レドックスフロー電池における使用のための請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の方法によって製造される金属ドープされたフェルトの使用。
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DE102015212234.4A DE102015212234A1 (de) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kohlenstofffilzelektroden für Redox Flow Batterien |
PCT/EP2016/064468 WO2017001264A1 (de) | 2015-06-30 | 2016-06-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von kohlenstofffilzelektroden für redox flow batterien |
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ES2781301T3 (es) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-09-01 | Siemens Ag | Batería de flujo redox y procedimiento para el funcionamiento de una batería de flujo redox |
JP6859963B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-17 | 2021-04-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | レドックスフロー型燃料電池 |
KR102084947B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-03-05 | 재단법인 한국탄소융합기술원 | 은 코팅 탄소섬유 제조방법 |
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JP3601581B2 (ja) | 1999-06-11 | 2004-12-15 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | バナジウム系レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材 |
JP2001085022A (ja) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-30 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 炭素電極材及び炭素電極材集合体 |
JP2004003043A (ja) * | 2001-05-24 | 2004-01-08 | Toray Ind Inc | 耐炎化繊維材料、炭素繊維材料、黒鉛繊維材料及びそれらの製造方法 |
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DE102012201942B8 (de) | 2012-02-09 | 2015-02-26 | Ewe-Forschungszentrum Für Energietechnologie E. V. | Verwendung eines aktivierten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materials, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Elektrode, kohlestoffhaltige Elektrode, deren Verwendung sowie Vanadium-Redox-Flow-Zelle |
US8993183B2 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2015-03-31 | Enervault Corporation | Operating a redox flow battery with a negative electrolyte imbalance |
DE102013217882A1 (de) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-12 | Sgl Carbon Se | Elektrodensubstrat aus Kohlenstofffasern |
US9281514B2 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-08 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Batteries prepared by spinning |
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