JP6651516B2 - 電気塩素化プロセスのための電極及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電気塩素化プロセスのための電極及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001314 profilometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/069—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of at least one single element and at least one compound; consisting of two or more compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
- C02F2001/46142—Catalytic coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Description
特に、低い温度においても塩化ナトリウムの希薄溶液から活性塩素を生成させる際に良好な選択性を有し、その極性の周期的な逆転にかける場合であっても工業用途のために好適な耐久性を有する電極を提供することが望ましいであろう。
0.5m2の総面積を有するグレード1のチタンの厚さ1mmの中実シートを、27重量%のH2SO4中で、87℃において、15分間のサイクルで合計で5サイクル、175.5g/m2の重量損失が観察されるまでエッチングした。得られた粗さプロファイルは、SEM分析によって示される粒界において局所化された谷部を有することを特徴とし、平均粗さ値:Raは、表面形状測定装置によって測定して、表面の種々の点における測定によって8.6〜10μmの間であることが分かった。かくして得られた基材を、130mm×110mmの試料に分割した。異なる試料に種々の配合にしたがう触媒被覆を与え、その最も重要なものを表1に報告する。全ての報告された試料に関して、内側触媒被覆は、塩酸で酸性化したRuCl3、H2IrCl6、及びTaCl5の水溶液を5回の被覆で施し、それぞれの被覆の後に50℃で5分間の中間乾燥、及び480℃で15分間の熱分解を行うことによって堆積させた。外側触媒被覆は、同じ手順を用いて、25〜40の間の範囲の被覆数で、RuCl3、TiCl3、Fe(NO3)3、NiCl2、及びCoCl2の間で対応する塩酸酸性化水溶液の前駆体を選択して堆積させた。
周波数応答解析(FRA)によって補正した電位の尺度として、実施例1の試料を、220g/LのNaCl中、85℃の温度及びpH2において、電子的活性の標準試験にかけた。全ての試料は、1000A/m2において1.35〜1.36Vの間のアノード電位によって、塩素発生に向かって活性であることが判明した。同じ試料を、15℃の温度及び1200A/m2の電流密度において、17g/LのNaCl中における標準ファラデー効率試験にかけた。
また、標準加速試験を用いて、15℃の温度及び2500A/m2の電流密度において17g/LのNaCl中で運転し、アノード運転で出発して12時間毎に極性を逆転させて、同じ試料の耐久特性も測定した。電極は、そのアノード電位が当初のアノード電位よりも1V高い場合に失活したとみなした。
Claims (9)
- 電気塩素化セルにおいて用いるための電極であって:
・チタン基材;
・タンタル、ルテニウム、及びイリジウムの酸化物の混合物を含む、前記基材上に施されている内側触媒被覆;
・チタン、ルテニウム、並びにニッケル、鉄、及びコバルトから選択される少なくとも1種類の元素の酸化物の混合物を含む、前記内側触媒被覆の上に施されている外側触媒被覆;
を含み、
前記外側触媒被覆の重量組成が、金属としてチタンを35〜70%、ルテニウムを30〜60%、並びにニッケルと鉄とコバルトの合計としての1〜8%を、これらの金属の総重量を基準として含む、
前記電極。 - 前記チタン基材が4〜10μmの平均粗さRaの値を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記内側触媒被覆が、ルテニウム及びイリジウムの合計として表して1〜5g/m2の貴金属の全装填量を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の電極。
- 前記内側触媒被覆中におけるルテニウム及びイリジウムの合計として表した貴金属含量に対する前記外側触媒被覆中におけるルテニウム含量の重量比が3〜10である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電極。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電極の製造方法であって、
次の逐次工程:
・制御された粗さプロファイルが与えられるまで、酸溶液中でチタン基材をエッチングする工程;
・前記エッチングされた基材にタンタル、ルテニウム、及びイリジウム化合物の溶液を施し、次に400℃を超える温度において熱分解して、内側触媒被覆を形成する工程;
・チタン、ルテニウム、並びにニッケル、鉄、及びコバルトからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種類の元素の化合物の溶液を前記内側触媒被覆に施し、次に400℃を超える温度において熱分解して、外側触媒被覆を形成する工程;
を含む、前記方法。 - 前記酸溶液が20〜30重量%の硫酸を含み、前記エッチング工程を150〜250g/m2の間の前記基材の重量損失が得られるまで80〜90℃において行う、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 塩化ナトリウム水溶液に対する殺生物処理方法であって、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の1対の電極を装備した電解セル内において、前記溶液を電気分解して活性塩素を形成する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 前記対の電極の極性を周期的に逆転させる工程を更に含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記塩化ナトリウムの水溶液が海洋用途のためのバラスト水である、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI2014A001838 | 2014-10-27 | ||
ITMI20141838 | 2014-10-27 | ||
PCT/EP2015/074609 WO2016066544A1 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2015-10-23 | Electrode for electrochlorination processes and method of manufacturing thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2018500457A JP2018500457A (ja) | 2018-01-11 |
JP6651516B2 true JP6651516B2 (ja) | 2020-02-19 |
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JP2017522899A Active JP6651516B2 (ja) | 2014-10-27 | 2015-10-23 | 電気塩素化プロセスのための電極及びその製造方法 |
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US (1) | US10287188B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3212580B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6651516B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102498934B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106687416B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2015340814B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112017008387B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2958328C (ja) |
CL (1) | CL2017001012A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2697901T3 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL250589B (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2017005361A (ja) |
MY (1) | MY176359A (ja) |
PH (1) | PH12017500512A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2712545C2 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG11201701888VA (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016066544A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA201701142B (ja) |
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CN110267919B (zh) | 2017-02-07 | 2022-04-05 | 明亮火花有限责任公司 | 包含通道、阴极、阳极和电源的装置和用于制备二氧化氯的方法 |
WO2018147723A1 (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2018-08-16 | Bright Spark B.V. | Device for converting chloride containing water into active chlorine, such as chlorine dioxide, and method for the production of chlorine dioxide |
US10597313B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2020-03-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Chlorination-assisted coagulation processes for water purification |
CN110869323A (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2020-03-06 | 安克信水技术公司 | 操作废水处理系统的方法 |
CN108048865B (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-04-28 | 江苏安凯特科技股份有限公司 | 一种电极及其制备方法和应用 |
KR102088847B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-13 | (주) 테크로스 | 선박평형수 전기분해용 음극 전극의 스케일 저감 방법 |
KR102404420B1 (ko) * | 2020-07-07 | 2022-06-07 | 주식회사 테크로스 | 전이금속 코팅층을 포함하는 전기분해용 촉매 전극 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN112195482B (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2023-05-16 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | 一种复合钛阳极板及其制备方法 |
CN114950089A (zh) * | 2022-06-11 | 2022-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | 一种含氯挥发性/半挥发性有机化合物的电化学降解方法 |
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US4514274A (en) * | 1971-09-16 | 1985-04-30 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Electrode for electrochemical processes |
CA1225066A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1987-08-04 | Jean M. Hinden | Electrode with surface film of oxide of valve metal incorporating platinum group metal or oxide |
US4426263A (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1984-01-17 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Method and electrocatalyst for making chlorine dioxide |
MX169643B (es) * | 1985-04-12 | 1993-07-16 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Electrodo para procesos electroquimicos, procedimiento para su produccion y cuba de electrolisis conteniendo dicho electrodo |
CA2154428C (fr) * | 1995-07-21 | 2005-03-22 | Robert Schulz | Alliages a base de ti, ru, fe et o et usage de ceux-ci pour la fabrication de cathodes pour la synthese electrochimique du chlorate de sodium |
IT1294749B1 (it) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-04-12 | Nora De | Anodo per evoluzione di ossigeno in elettroliti contenenti manganese e fluoruri |
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AU2004277578B2 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2008-07-17 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Electrode |
RU2379380C2 (ru) * | 2005-01-27 | 2010-01-20 | Индустрие Де Нора С.П.А. | Высокоэффективное анодное покрытие для получения гипохлорита |
ITMI20061974A1 (it) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Anodo per elettrolisi |
BRPI0818104B1 (pt) * | 2007-11-16 | 2018-11-21 | Akzo Nobel Nv | processo de produção de clorato de metal álcali |
CN101565833B (zh) * | 2009-05-23 | 2011-05-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | 一种耐正反交替电解的金属氧化物电极 |
IT1395113B1 (it) * | 2009-07-28 | 2012-09-05 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Elettrodo per evoluzione di ossigeno in processi elettrochimici industriali |
ITMI20101098A1 (it) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-18 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Elettrodo per elettroclorazione |
ITMI20101100A1 (it) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-18 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Sistema per la generazione elettrochimica di ipoclorito |
IT1403585B1 (it) * | 2010-11-26 | 2013-10-31 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Anodo per evoluzione elettrolitica di cloro |
JP2013166994A (ja) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-29 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 電解用電極、電解槽及び電解用電極の製造方法 |
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JP2018500457A (ja) | 2018-01-11 |
KR102498934B1 (ko) | 2023-02-15 |
RU2017118339A3 (ja) | 2019-03-20 |
IL250589A0 (en) | 2017-04-30 |
AU2015340814B2 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
MY176359A (en) | 2020-08-03 |
ZA201701142B (en) | 2018-05-30 |
MX2017005361A (es) | 2017-08-15 |
CA2958328C (en) | 2022-05-31 |
US20170297928A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
PH12017500512B1 (en) | 2017-08-07 |
CN106687416A (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
CA2958328A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
US10287188B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
CN106687416B (zh) | 2020-12-18 |
EP3212580A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
PH12017500512A1 (en) | 2017-08-07 |
BR112017008387A2 (pt) | 2018-02-14 |
KR20170077176A (ko) | 2017-07-05 |
BR112017008387B1 (pt) | 2021-04-06 |
SG11201701888VA (en) | 2017-05-30 |
RU2712545C2 (ru) | 2020-01-29 |
WO2016066544A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
AU2015340814A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
ES2697901T3 (es) | 2019-01-29 |
EP3212580B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
RU2017118339A (ru) | 2018-11-29 |
CL2017001012A1 (es) | 2017-11-03 |
IL250589B (en) | 2019-09-26 |
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