JP6647210B2 - 非水電解液リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6647210B2 JP6647210B2 JP2016557135A JP2016557135A JP6647210B2 JP 6647210 B2 JP6647210 B2 JP 6647210B2 JP 2016557135 A JP2016557135 A JP 2016557135A JP 2016557135 A JP2016557135 A JP 2016557135A JP 6647210 B2 JP6647210 B2 JP 6647210B2
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- Prior art keywords
- carbonate
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- aqueous electrolyte
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 48
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical group CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 ethyl propyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical group FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015676 LiMn 2-z Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical class C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011835 quiches Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/502—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/523—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
〔前記化学式1において、R1、R2、R3及びR4は、独立的にF、H及びメチル基の一つであり、そのうち少なくとも一つはFである〕
〔前記化学式2において、R5は、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基である。〕
また、前記正極のローディング量が、0.01〜0.03g/cm2であるものを用いることが望ましい。
前記非ハロゲン化カーボネートの含量が、前記非水電解液の総重量に対し10重量%以下であることが望ましい。
さらに、前記リチウム二次電池の充電電圧が、4.3〜5.0Vであることが望ましい。
〔前記化学式1において、R1、R2、R3及びR4は、独立的にF、H及びメチル基の一つであり、そのうち少なくとも一つはFである〕
〔前記化学式2において、R5は、炭素数1〜5のアルキル基である。〕
また、本発明のリチウム二次電池は、充電電圧が4.3〜5.0Vである高電圧充電システムに適している。
実施例1
<非水電解液の製造>
プルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC):プロピレンカーボネート(PC):メチルプロピオネート(MP)が30:10:60(重量比)の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を電解液として準備した。
正極活物質として Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(a=0.8、b=0.1、c=0.1)、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF)及び導電材としてカーボンを93:4:4の重量比で混合した後、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて正極スラリーを製造し、ローディング量は0.02g/cm2にし、前記スラリーをアルミニウム集電体にコーティングした後、乾燥及び圧延して正極を製造した。
この後、前記製造した正極と負極をPE分離膜とともに、通常の方法でコイン型電池を製作した後、前記製造した電解液を注入することで電池を完成した。
非水電解液の製造に際し、メチルプロピオネート(MP)の代わりにエチルプロピオネート(EP)を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造に際し、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC):メチルプロピオネート(MP):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を20:70:10(重量比)の組成を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で電池を製造した。
<非水電解液の製造>
非水電解液の製造に際し、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC):エチレンカーボネート(EC):メチルプロピオネート(MP)=14.5:19.2;66.3の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を電解液として準備した。
正極活物質としてLi(NiaCobMnc)O2(a=0.8、b=0.1、c=0.1)、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF)及び導電材としてカーボンを93:4:4の重量比で混合した後、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて正極スラリーを製造し、ローディング量は0.02g/cm2にし、前記スラリーをアルミニウム集電体にコーティングした後、乾燥及び圧延することで正極を製造した。
この後、前記製造した正極と負極をPE分離膜とともに通常の方法で円筒状電池を製作した後、前記製造した電解液を注入することで電池を完成した。
非水電解液の製造に際し、エチレンカーボネート(EC):プロピレンカーボネート(PC):メチルプロピオネート(MP)30:10:60(重量比)の組成を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造に際し、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC):プロピレンカーボネート(PC):メチルブチレート(MB)=30:10:60(重量比)の組成を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造に際し、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC):メチルプロピオネート(MP):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)=9:81:10(重量比)の組成を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造に際し、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC):メチルプロピオネート(MP):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)=54:36:10(重量比)の組成を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で電池を製造した。
非水電解液の製造に際し、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC):エチレンカーボネート(EC):メチルプロピオネート(MP)=14.5:19.2;66.3の組成を用いたことを除いては、実施例4と同様の方法で円筒状電池を製造した。
実施例1〜3、比較例1〜4で製造した電池(電池容量4.3mAh)を60℃にて0.7Cの定電流で4.3Vになるまで充電し、続いて4.3Vの定電圧で充電して充電電流が0.215mAになれば、充電を終了した。その後、10分間の放置後、0.5Cの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電した。前記充放電を繰り返して放電容量を測定した。その結果を図1に示した。
また、実施例4及び比較例5で製造した電池(電池容量4.3mAh)を同様の方法で放電容量を測定し、その結果を図2に示した。
実施例1〜3、比較例1〜4で製造した電池(電池容量4.3mAh)を60℃にて0.7Cの定電流で4.3Vになるまで充電し、続いて4.3Vの定電圧で充電して充電電流が0.215mAになれば、充電を終了した。その後、1週間60℃で放置した。その後0.5Cの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電し、残存容量を確認した。その後、同様の方法で充電後、10分間放置してから放電し、回復容量を測定した。これを初期容量に対する百分率で示した。その結果を表1に示した。
Claims (6)
- リチウム二次電池であって、
正極と、負極と、分離膜と、及び非水電解液とを備えてなり、
前記正極が、正極活物質として、下記化学式Iで表されるものを含んでなり、
下記化学式Iで表される正極活物質の含量が、前記正極活物質の全体重量に対し50重量%〜100重量%であり、
LiaNixMnyCozO2(化学式I)
〔化学式Iにおいて、
a+x+y+z=2、
0.9≦a≦1.1、
0<x、0<y、0<zである〕
前記非水電解液が、
(i)下記化学式1で表されるフッ素化環状カーボネートと、
(ii)プロピオネート系エステルと、及び
前記(ii)プロピオネート系エステルが、メチルプロピオネート、エチルプロピオネート、又はプロピルプロピオネートであり、
(iii)非ハロゲン化カーボネートとを含んでなり、
前記(i)化学式1で表されるフッ素化環状カーボネートと、前記(ii)プロピオネート系エステルとの混合重量比〔(i):(ii)〕が、20:80〜30:60であり、又は、20:80〜20:70であることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極が、LiCoO2をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極のローディング量が、0.01g/cm2〜0.03g/cm2であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記(iii)非ハロゲン化カーボネートの含量が、前記非水電解液の総重量に対し10重量%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記(iii)非ハロゲン化カーボネートが、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)、ブチレンカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、エチルプロピルカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)より選択された一種の化合物又は二種の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池の充電電圧が、4.3V〜5.0Vであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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