JP6614774B2 - 触媒を用いた廃ガスからのCO2及びNOx除去方法 - Google Patents
触媒を用いた廃ガスからのCO2及びNOx除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 96
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 127
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 70
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQAXGZLFSSPBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M [7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;chloride;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cl-].C1=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2SC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 XQAXGZLFSSPBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Description
a.活性炭触媒を水で飽和させる工程、
b.廃ガスを水で飽和あるいは一部飽和させる工程、
c.廃ガスを反応器中へ導入する工程、
d.NOxをNO2 −/NO3 −へ活性炭触媒により変換させ、これと並行してCO2を同じ活性炭触媒上において炭素とO2へ変換させる工程、及び
e.活性炭触媒を連続的に水で洗い落とし、炭素を固形物として、及びNO2 −/NO3 −を水に溶解させて、放出する工程、
活性炭触媒の0.1〜0.3kgNOx/m3のNOxでの飽和あるいは一部飽和が、廃ガスを反応器中へ送り込む前に行われること。
・燃焼廃ガス中のNOx含量:100〜1000ppm
・燃焼廃ガス中のCO2含量:0〜6容積%
・反応器入口におけるガス温度:15〜80℃
・燃焼廃ガス中のO2含量:10〜18容積%
・水飽和及び反応器中の廃ガスの冷却:水または5〜30%NaOH溶液を用いた急冷により実施。
・廃ガス温度:最低30℃、最高45℃
・露点温度で飽和。
・試験に用いる活性炭触媒:商品名Norit_PK1-3, Norit_PK_2-4及びNorit_PK_3-5 (NORIT Netherland B.V., Postbus 105 NL-3800 AC Amersfoot,製造)
ヨード価800、メチレンブルー吸収11g/100g、内表面積(BET)875m2/g、バルク密度260kg/m3、逆流洗浄後密度230kg/m3、均一性ファクター1.3、灰分7重量%、pH:アルカリ性、水分含量(包装後)2重量%
酸化
2NO+O2→2NO2
2NO2→N2O4
NO+NO2→N2O3
水添加を通した硝酸の生成
3NO2+H2O→2HNO3+NO
N2O4+H2O→HNO3+HNO2
3N2O4+2H2O→4HNO3+2NO
N2O3+H2O→2HNO2
3HNO2→HNO3+2NO+H2O
塩基による中和
N2O4+2NaOH→NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O
NO+NO2+2NaOH→2NaNO2+H2O
N2O3+2NaOH→2NaNO2+H2O
・NOx及びO2は触媒の活性中心へ移動する。NOxは一部が酸化されてNO2が生成され、同時にN2O3、N2O4も生成される。
・次いでNO2が触媒活性中心の外へ移動し、存在するならば触媒コア周囲の水溶性殻上でNaOHと反応してNO2 −、NO3 −及びH2Oを生成する。
・CO2分子は触媒コアの孔中へも運ばれ、そこでCO2分子は形成(formation)エネルギーの付加によって分離され、あるいは炭素化合物上に吸収される。存在する場合、コア周囲の水溶性殻中に位置するNaOH溶液は、高表面張力(特定の表面積)を通してCO2のC部分及びO2を吸収する。「炭素化合物」が同様に生成される。
・炭素化合物上に位置するC部分は、水中あるいは懸濁液としての塩基と共に存在する。
・生成されたC及び生成された炭素化合物は、水または塩基で洗浄することによって触媒から水または塩基と共に懸濁液中へ放出される。生成されたC及び又は生成された炭素化合物は短時間後に沈殿する。
p/p0=0.1でのブタン吸収:24g/100g、内表面積(BET)1200m2/g、バルク密度400kg/m3、硬度(ボールパン硬度)98、水分含量(包装後)5重量%、分解時間/最大15分・最小8分。
112:下部
114:上部
116:ファン
118:クエンチャー
120:ミストコレクター
122:保蔵タンク
124:測定装置
126:前段反応器
128:前段反応器触媒
130:反応器触媒
132:測定装置
134:スタック
136:貯蔵容器
138:ポンプ
140:測定装置
142:水供給源
144:貯蔵容器
146:ポンプ
148:ポンプ
150:スプレーヘッド
152:包装材
154:容器
156:測定装置
158:ポンプ
160:測定装置
Claims (13)
- 活性炭触媒が充填された反応器中において廃ガスから二酸化炭素及びNOxを活性炭触媒により除去する方法であって、
a.活性炭触媒を水で飽和させる工程、
b.廃ガスを水で飽和あるいは一部飽和させる工程、
c.廃ガスを反応器中へ導入する工程、
d.NOxをNO2 −/NO3 −へ活性炭触媒により変換させ、これと並行してCO2を同じ活性炭触媒上において炭素とO2へ変換させる工程、及び
e.活性炭触媒を連続的に水で洗い落とし、炭素を固形物として、及びNO2 −/NO3 −を水に溶解させて、放出する工程、から構成され、
活性炭触媒の0.1〜0.3kgNOx/m3のNOxでの飽和あるいは一部飽和が、廃ガスを反応器中へ送り込む前に行われること、
を特徴とする方法。 - CxHyがCO2及びNOxと同時に廃ガスから除去されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記活性炭触媒がスチーム活性化され、及び以下の主たる特性、すなわちヨード価800、メチレンブルー吸収11g/100g、内表面積(BET)875m2/g、バルク密度260kg/m3、逆流洗浄後密度230kg/m3、均一性ファクター1.3、灰分7重量%、pH:アルカリ性、水分含量2重量%を有する、粒径1〜3mm、2〜4mmあるいは3〜5mmの活性炭粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 廃ガスが、工程b)に先立って、第二の活性炭触媒が含まれた前段反応器中を通過し、次いで工程b)において水で飽和あるいは一部飽和されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記第二の活性炭触媒が、粒径3mmで、p/p0=0.1でのブタン吸収:24g/100g、内表面積(BET)1200m2/g、バルク密度400kg/m3、硬度(ボールパン硬度)98、水分含量(包装後)5重量%、分解時間:最大15分、最短8分の諸特性をもつ押出し成形活性炭粒子であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方法。
- 廃ガスが、工程b)後に、第二の活性炭触媒が収容された前段反応器中を通過し、次いで工程c)において反応器中へ導入されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記第二の活性炭触媒が前段反応器中において乾状態で用いられることを特徴とする請求項4〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程a)、b)及び又はe)において、
・塩基Mn+(OH−)n、ここでMはアルカリ金属及びアルカリ土金属から選択され、nは1、2または3を示す、及び又は
・カチオン性、アニオン性、両性、あるいは非イオン性界面活性剤あるいはそれらの混合物、が添加されることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 廃ガスにNOxが100〜1500ppm、CO2が0.3〜15重量%含まれることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 廃ガス中にCxHyが0〜700ppm含まれることを特徴とする請求項2〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 反応器中の廃ガス取込み口温度が室温ないし150℃の範囲内とされることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 廃ガス中の酸素含量が少なくとも5重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- O2が本発明方法の実施中、CO 2 の変換によって放出されることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の方法。
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