JP6571298B2 - 血糖値スパイク抑制剤、食品及び血糖値スパイク抑制剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
血糖値スパイク抑制剤、食品及び血糖値スパイク抑制剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6571298B2 JP6571298B2 JP2018567965A JP2018567965A JP6571298B2 JP 6571298 B2 JP6571298 B2 JP 6571298B2 JP 2018567965 A JP2018567965 A JP 2018567965A JP 2018567965 A JP2018567965 A JP 2018567965A JP 6571298 B2 JP6571298 B2 JP 6571298B2
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Description
地球環境問題への世界的関心の高まりとともに、自然界で完全に分解する生分解性プラスチックスへの関心が高まっている。本願の発明者は、一部の微生物が、生分解性プラスチックスとして用いられるポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸(以下、PHBという)の顆粒を蓄積するという性質に着目し、血糖値スパイクを抑制するという目的にPHB粉末を利用することを検討した。本明細書におけるPHB粉末は、本発明で述べるように、例えば化学合成等によって得られるPHBをペレット状にした態様のPHB、菌体内で生合成されたPHBで結晶構造を維持している態様のPHB、又は生合成された菌体内の顆粒状のPHBとは明らかに様態が異なる。
図1は、PHBの構造を示す化学式を示す図である。PHBは(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸(HB)のエステル結合による重合体であり、水に殆ど溶けない。またこのエステル結合は一部の腸内細菌のみが加水分解可能であり、哺乳動物ではこのエステル結合を加水分解する酵素を持たない。PHBは、発酵法又は化学合成法によって生産することができる。PHBは、HBがエステル結合で直鎖のポリマー構造を構成している。化学合成法を用いる場合、高価な(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸を原料とするため、合成コストが高い(Cell Metabolism 2016年8月9日、第256頁−第268頁)。これに対して微生物を用いる発酵法では、糖質を含む安価な原料を用いて効率的に生合成するので、容易に大量に調整することができる。
図2は、粉末化されていないPHBの血糖値スパイク抑制作用の原理について説明するための図である。従来技術では、動物の血液中のHB濃度を増加させる機能にのみ注意が注がれていた。経口投与されたPHBは胃や腸で分解されることなく大腸まで送達され、大腸において腸内細菌により分解される。そして、数日という時間をかけてHB濃度を非常に緩やかに増加させる。体内のHB濃度が増加することにより、ケトン体濃度が増加することにより血糖値スパイクが抑制されると考えられる。したがって、PHBを数日以上にわたって投与し続けることがなければ、PHBを分解する腸内細菌は十分に生育しないと考えられ、動物のケトン体濃度を有意に増加させるには数日程度必要である。
PHBは、薬学上許容される溶媒和物、又は懸濁物として、例えば、アルコール懸濁(例えば、メタノール懸濁物、エタノール懸濁物)、エーテル懸濁物とすることができる。
(PHB粉末の製造)
図7は、血糖値スパイク抑制剤として製造したPHB粉末の外観を示す写真である。PHBは、ハロモナス・エスピー(Halomonas sp.)OITC1261株(NITE P−02027)を用いて発酵させることにより製造した。PHB粉末の形状(特に粒子の大きさ)は、製造工程の最後の粉砕する過程において微調整することができる。
製造したPHB粉末40g(含有されるPHBは28g=70%ポリケトン)をプレーンヨーグルト(250g)に均一になるように混合し、人に食べさせた。平均体重を70Kgとして、PHBの摂取量は体重1kg当たり約400mgである。
製造したPHB粉末40g(含有されるPHBは36g=90%ポリケトン)をプレーンヨーグルト(250g)に均一になるように混合し、人に食べさせた。平均体重を70Kgとして、PHBの摂取量は体重1kg当たり約514mgである。
本実施の形態に係る血糖値スパイク抑制剤としてのPHB粉末により、飲食物にPHB粉末を混合することで、短時間で血糖値スパイクを抑制するとともに、長時間にわたって血糖値スパイクを抑制する効果を維持することができる。PHB粉末は無味無臭なので、ペット用食品に混ぜることも容易であるから、ペットに恒常的に毎日摂取することも可能である。小腸での生理作用と想定される血糖値スパイクの抑制作用は、PHB粉末を用いたことによって得られる、本発明が初めて提示した新規性である。図9及び図10に示すように、純度70%のPHB粉末、及び純度90%PHB粉末が、血糖値スパイクを有意に抑制することを確認できた。図10では図9よりも有意に強く血糖値スパイクを抑制していることから考えれば、純度90%以上のPHB粉末がさらに強く抑制することは妥当な推測である。すなわち例えば純度を99%以上の純度に精製すればさらに強い血糖値スパイク抑制剤となることは容易に推察できる。また、図9及び図10に示した結果から、純度60%以上のPHB粉末であれば効果が生じると考えられる。
Claims (3)
- ポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の重合体粉末を含む血糖値スパイク抑制剤であって、前記ポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の濃度が70%以上90%以下であり、前記重合体粉末の平均重合度が1900以上2000以下である、血糖値スパイク抑制剤。
- ポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の重合体粉末が混合された、血糖値スパイクを抑制するための食品であって、
前記ポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の濃度が70%以上90%以下であり、前記重合体粉末の平均重合度が1900以上2000以下である、食品。 - ポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の顆粒を内部に蓄積することができる細菌を含む培養液を準備する準備工程と、
前記培養液を加圧する工程と、
前記加圧する工程の後に、前記培養液を固液分離することにより、ポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の顆粒を含む残渣を回収する回収工程と、
前記残渣を乾燥させることにより、前記ポリ(R)−3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の濃度が70%以上90%以下であり、平均重合度が1900以上2000以下である重合体粉末を生成する生成工程と、
を有する血糖値スパイク抑制剤の製造方法。
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CN106038532B (zh) * | 2008-01-04 | 2019-05-14 | 牛津大学科技创新有限公司 | 用作降低血脂药剂的酮体和酮体酯 |
US20140219967A1 (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-08-07 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate/3-Hydroxyvalerate) of Lowered Crystallinity for Use in Animal Feed |
JP6384861B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-16 | 2018-09-05 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ハロモナス菌を用いた3−ヒドロキシ酪酸の製造方法 |
JP6521243B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2019-05-29 | 沖縄県 | 3−ヒドロキシ酪酸又はその塩の好気的生産方法 |
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2018
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- 2018-08-17 WO PCT/JP2018/030538 patent/WO2019035486A1/ja active Application Filing
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