JP6567647B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6567647B2 JP6567647B2 JP2017501917A JP2017501917A JP6567647B2 JP 6567647 B2 JP6567647 B2 JP 6567647B2 JP 2017501917 A JP2017501917 A JP 2017501917A JP 2017501917 A JP2017501917 A JP 2017501917A JP 6567647 B2 JP6567647 B2 JP 6567647B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- aqueous electrolyte
- secondary battery
- electrolyte secondary
- chain
- Prior art date
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- -1 phosphoric acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CCOS(C)(=O)=O PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical group O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- DKORSYDQYFVQNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CCCOS(C)(=O)=O DKORSYDQYFVQNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IZJSTXINDUKPRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lead Chemical compound [Al].[Pb] IZJSTXINDUKPRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YFNONBGXNFCTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 YFNONBGXNFCTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFLBHTZRLVHUQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCOS(C)(=O)=O LFLBHTZRLVHUQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RFFOTVCVTJUTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cineole Natural products C1CC2(C)CCC1(C(C)C)O2 RFFOTVCVTJUTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000152 cobalt phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- USYYTAZBXJZVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid;methane Chemical compound C.CCS(O)(=O)=O USYYTAZBXJZVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DABYSJMCEKEQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)OCC DABYSJMCEKEQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001849 group 12 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- SDAXRHHPNYTELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCC#N SDAXRHHPNYTELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HEPLMSKRHVKCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Pb] HEPLMSKRHVKCAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-fluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)F MHAIQPNJLRLFLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLJRCXSSKLWCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)OC YLJRCXSSKLWCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000159 nickel phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K nickel(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ni+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOCJYBPHESYFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPUOAJPGWQQRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 HPUOAJPGWQQRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNAMONWYCZEPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(C#N)CC#N MNAMONWYCZEPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDKWOAFNXLYODN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCOS(=O)(=O)CCC CDKWOAFNXLYODN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
正極は、例えば金属箔等の正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極合材層とで構成される。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、正極活物質であるリチウム遷移金属酸化物の他に、タングステン酸化物およびリン酸化合物を含み、さらに導電剤、及び結着剤を含むことが好適である。正極は、例えば正極集電体上に正極活物質、結着剤等を含む正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して正極合材層を集電体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
正極合剤層に含まれるタングステン酸化物は、特に限定されないが、タングステンの酸化数が最も安定である6価となるWO3が好ましい。
正極合剤層に含まれるリン酸化合物は、特に限定されないが、リン酸リチウム、リン酸二水素リチウム、リン酸コバルト、リン酸ニッケル、リン酸マンガン、リン酸カリウム、リン酸二水素アンモニウムであることが好ましく、これらの中でも、特にリン酸リチウムが好ましい。これらのリン酸化合物を用いると、正極表面での鎖状スルホン酸エステル由来の移動性分解物の生成が一層促進される。
リン酸化合物及びタングステン酸化物は、例えばリチウム遷移金属酸化物(正極活物質)と機械的に混合して、活物質粒子の表面に付着させることができる。或いは、導電剤及び結着剤を混練して正極合剤スラリーを作製する工程において、リン酸化合物及びタングステン酸化物を添加することにより、これらを正極合剤層に混合してもよい。
リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、一般式Li1+xMeaO2+b(式中、x+a=1、−0.2<x≦0.2、−0.1≦b≦0.1、MeはNi、Co、Mn、及びAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素を含む)で表される酸化物であることが好適である。特に、ニッケル(Ni)を含有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物を用いた場合、正極表面での鎖状スルホン酸エステル由来の移動性分解物の生成が一層促進され、ゆえにMeは少なくともNiであることが好ましい。リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、Niに加えてコバルト(Co)及びマンガン(Mn)を含有することが好適であり、またNi、Co、Mnに加えて、又は当該Mnの代わりにアルミニウム(Al)を含有することも好適である。
導電剤は、正極合材層の電気伝導性を高めるために用いられる。導電剤の例としては、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、黒鉛等の炭素材料などが挙げられる。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
結着剤は、正極活物質及び導電剤間の良好な接触状態を維持し、且つ正極集電体表面に対する正極活物質等の結着性を高めるために用いられる。結着剤の例としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)等のフッ素系樹脂、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリイミド系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂などが挙げられる。また、これらの樹脂と、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)又はその塩(CMC−Na、CMC−K、CMC-NH4等、また部分中和型の塩であってもよい)、ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)等が併用されてもよい。これらは、単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒は、少なくとも鎖状スルホン酸エステルを含み、更に環状スルホン酸エステルを含んでもよい。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、ニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含んでいてもよい。
負極としては、公知の負極を用いることができ、例えば、負極活物質と、結着剤とを水あるいは適当な溶媒で混合し、負極集電体に塗布し、乾燥し、圧延することにより得られる。負極集電体には、導電性を有する薄膜体、特に銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属箔や合金箔、銅などの金属表層を有するフィルム等を用いることが好適である。結着剤としては、正極の場合と同様にポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)等を用いることもできるが、スチレンーブタジエン共重合体(SBR)又はこの変性体等を用いることが好ましい。結着剤は、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)等の増粘剤と併用されてもよい。
結着剤としては、正極の場合と同様にフッ素系樹脂、PAN、ポリイミド系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂等を用いることができる。水系溶媒を用いて負極合材スラリーを調製する場合は、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、CMC又はその塩、ポリアクリル酸(PAA)又はその塩(PAA−Na、PAA−K等、また部分中和型の塩であってもよい)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)等を用いることが好ましい。
セパレータには、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のオレフィン系樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、セルロース繊維層及びオレフィン系樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂繊維層を有する積層体であってもよい。また、ポリエチレン層及びポリプロピレン層を含む多層セパレータであってもよく、セパレータの表面にアラミド系樹脂等の樹脂が塗布されたものを用いることもできる。
[正極活物質の作製]
NiSO4、CoSO4、及びMnSO4を水溶液中で混合して共沈させることで[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3](OH)2で表される水酸化物を合成し、これを500℃で焼成することによりニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物を得た。次に、当該複合酸化物と、炭酸リチウムを、らいかい乳鉢を用いて混合した。混合比(モル比)は、Ni、Co、Mnの総量:Li=1:1.2とした。この混合物を900℃で20時間焼成した後、粉砕することにより、Li1.07Ni0.465Co0.186Mn0.279O2で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物(正極活物質)を作製した。
上記の正極活物質と、カーボンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、92:5:3の質量比で混合した。当該混合物に分散媒としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を添加した後、混合機(プライミクス社製、T.K.ハイビスミックス)を用いて攪拌し、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。続いて、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔上に正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延ローラにより圧延した。こうして、アルミニウム箔の両面に正極合剤層が形成された正極を作製した。
黒鉛粉末と、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)とを、98:1:1の質量比で混合し、水を添加した。これを混合機(プライミクス製、T.K.ハイビスミックス)を用いて攪拌し、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、負極集電体である銅箔上に負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延ローラにより圧延した。こうして、銅箔の両面に負極合剤層が形成された負極を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、メチルエチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を、30:30:40の体積比で混合した。当該混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度となるように溶解させ、さらにビニレンカーボネートを0.5質量%、またメタンスルホン酸エチル(EMS)を3質量%溶解させた。
上記正極にアルミニウムリードを、上記負極にニッケルリードをそれぞれ取り付け、ポリエチレン製の微多孔膜をセパレータとして用い、セパレータを介して正極及び負極を渦巻き状に巻回することにより巻回型の電極体を作製した。この電極体を有底円筒形状の電池ケース本体に収容し、上記非水電解質を注入した後、ガスケット及び封口体により電池ケース本体の開口部を封口して円筒型の非水電解質二次電池(以下、電池A1という)を作製した。
実験例1における非水電解質にさらに1,3−プロパンスルトン(PS)を0.25質量%溶解させた。非水電解質以外は、実験例1の場合と同様にして、円筒型電池を作製した。このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A2と称する。
実験例1におけるメタンスルホン酸エチル(EMS)の変わりにメタンスルホン酸メチル(MMS)を3質量%溶解させた。非水電解質以外は、実験例1の場合と同様にして、円筒型電池を作製した。このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A3と称する。
実験例1におけるメタンスルホン酸エチル(EMS)の変わりにメタンスルホン酸プロピル(PMS)を3質量%溶解させた。非水電解質以外は、実験例1の場合と同様にして、円筒型電池を作製した。このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A4と称する。
実験例1におけるメタンスルホン酸エチル(EMS)を3質量%の変わりに1質量%溶解させた。非水電解質以外は、実験例1の場合と同様にして、円筒型電池を作製した。このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A5と称する。
実験例1で作製したリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対してWO3及びLi3PO4を混合せず、非水電解質にEMSを混合しないこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして電池A6を作製した。
実験例1で作製したリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対してLi3PO4を混合せず、非水電解質にEMSを混合しないこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして電池A7を作製した。
実験例1で作製したリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対してWO3及びLi3PO4を混合しないこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして電池A8を作製した。
実験例1で作製したリチウム遷移金属酸化物に対してLi3PO4を混合しないこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして電池A9を作製した。
実験例1で作製した非水電解質にEMSを混合しないこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして電池A10を作製した。
上記のように円筒型電池を作製した後、25℃の条件下、電流値800mAで4.1Vまで定電流充電を行い、4.1Vで定電圧充電を行った後に800mAで2.5Vまで定電流放電を行った。この時の放電容量を上記、円筒型電池の定格容量とした。
低温回生値(SOC50%)=(最大電流値)×充電終止電圧(4.3V)
常温出力値(SOC50%)=(最大電流値)×放電終止電圧(3V)
Claims (10)
- 正極板と負極板とがセパレータを介して積層された構造を有する電極体と、非水電解質と、を備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極板は、正極活物質としてリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含み、
前記正極板の合剤中にはタングステン酸化物及びリン酸化合物を含み、
前記非水電解質には鎖状スルホン酸エステルを含む、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記非水電解質中に、さらに環状スルホン酸エステルを含む、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記タングステン酸化物は、WO3である、請求項1、2のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リン酸化合物は、リン酸リチウムである、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記鎖状スルホン酸エステルの炭素数は、2以上7以下である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記鎖状スルホン酸エステルは、メタンスルホン酸メチル、メタンスルホン酸エチル、メタンスルホン酸プロピルのいずれかである、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状スルホン酸エステルの炭素数は、3以上5以下である、請求項2〜6のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記環状スルホン酸エステルは、1,3−プロパンスルトンである、請求項2〜7のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、ニッケル(Ni)、コバルト(Co)、及びマンガン(Mn)を含有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記鎖状スルホン酸エステルの含有量は、前記非水電解質を構成する非水溶媒の総質量に対して0.1質量%以上5質量%以下である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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