JP6541002B2 - 低収縮性単層リチウムイオンバッテリセパレータ - Google Patents
低収縮性単層リチウムイオンバッテリセパレータ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6541002B2 JP6541002B2 JP2015542050A JP2015542050A JP6541002B2 JP 6541002 B2 JP6541002 B2 JP 6541002B2 JP 2015542050 A JP2015542050 A JP 2015542050A JP 2015542050 A JP2015542050 A JP 2015542050A JP 6541002 B2 JP6541002 B2 JP 6541002B2
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
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- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 115
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/02—Synthetic cellulose fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/24—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Description
上記のとおり、マイクロファイバは、電池セルの内部条件と合わせ、適した化学的耐性および耐熱性を有し、示す範囲に適した繊維構造を形成可能な高分子(あるいは高分子ブレンド)で構成される。さらに、不織布加工の際、繊維が交絡しやすくなるよう繊維自体の表面積を広げるフィブリル化などの技術による処理が可能である。また、溶融紡糸、湿式紡糸、溶液紡糸、メルトブローイングなどの長年使用された繊維製造方法により製造される。さらに、二成分繊維を始めとして、分割型パイ繊維、海島型繊維など、さらに処理することで径および/または形状を小型化または変更する場合がある。また、後処理のため適切な長さに切断する場合があり、その長さは50mm未満、または25mm未満、時に12mm未満の場合がある。また、長くすることで、加工性に優れまたは高強度にでき、その長さは0.5mm超、または1mm超、時に2mm超の場合がある。また、小型化繊維、または湿式不織布を有利に形成できる繊維にフィブリル化することもできる。
次に、湿式による製造工程に両要素を合わせて導入する前に、組み合わせ材料を両要素ともそれぞれの濃度になるよう量った。本書に引用により組み入れるTAPPI試験法T−205に従い手すきシートを製作した(基本的には上述どおりで、湿式製造法で通常使用され、繊維の「精練」として記述されるように、高剪断条件のもと極めて高い水溶性溶媒濃度の配合で合わせて混合し、最終的に湿った構造体を平面に置き溶媒を蒸発させた)。最終的には不織布構造を形成するために異なる数種の組み合わせで製作した。その方法では、各シートに含まれる材料の当初量を調整することで、様々な目付けに適合さえすればいいよう調節した。表2は材料および比率を示す。
試験プロトコルは以下の通りである。
空隙率は、本書に引用により組入れる特許文献4に記載の方法に従い計算した。結果は%で報告されるが、これは空気、または電池内では電解質など非固形物質で充填されたセパレータバルク部分を対象にしている。
続いて2種の材料をロトフォーマ抄紙機で製作した。まず、実施例52は、75%のEFTec A−010−4および25%のフィラメント当り0.5デニールポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)繊維から製作し、長さ6mmに切断した。次に、実施例53は、37.5%のEFTec A−010−4、37.5%のEFTec L−010−4および25%のPET繊維から製作し、長さ6mmに切断した。それら繊維材を高剪断混合により分散させ、水に高希釈度で混合し、その後ロトフォーマのヘッドボックスに投入し、重さ20グラム/m2のシートにし、熱風オーブンで乾燥させた。得られたロールを325°F、リニアインチ当り2200ポンドでカレンダ処理し、厚さ40ミクロン以下の第一シートおよび厚さ30ミクロンの第二シートを製作した。90℃、130℃および160℃を測定温度とし、機械方向および横方向のそれぞれにおける長さ12”を測り、測定温度に安定させたオーブンの中で1時間放置し、再度長さを計測することで、収縮率を測定する。収縮率は、元の長さに対する割合で表した長さの変化量である。表4はシートの特性を示す。
56:ロール加熱はしないが、それ以外は上記条件にてカレンダ処理を施した。
57:シートを第二シート(実施例56のシート)と重ね合わせ、カレンダ処理した。
58:56のシートを複写紙ロールとカレンダ処理し、その後複写紙から剥離させた。
59:56のシートを同条件で再度カレンダ処理した。
60:57の層を剥離し、別々の2枚のシートにした。
実施例39の四角片とCelgard2320の四角片とに、1MのLiPF6を溶解させたEC:DMC:DEC混合(体積比1:1:1)電解質を1滴表面にたらした。5秒後、(液滴の表面の光沢からくる)分光反射が観察されることなく、その電解質が実施例39に完全に吸収された。Celgard2320上にたらした電解質の液滴は数分間残った。これは、リチウムイオンバッテリセパレータには極めて好ましく、電解質分散の処理速度を向上させ、電解質を確実に均一に分散させる。電解質の分散が不均一であれば、充放電を繰り返すうち、セル内の欠陥となりショートを引き起こす可能性のあるデンドライトの生成を促進することが知られている。
さらに、実施例52および53に類似した別の試料をロトフォーマ機上で製作した。
・EFTec A−010−04 20 lbs
・EFTec L−010−04 20 lbs
・帝人 1094 ウェットパルプ 10 lbs
・0.3dpf PET 5mm 10 lbs
シートを18グラム/平方メートルで製作し、2200ポンド/インチ、カ氏250度でカレンダ処理した。表NNはシートの特性を示す。
・EFTec L−010−04 20 lbs
・帝人 1094 ウェットパルプ 20 lbs
・0.3dpf PET 5mm 10 lbs
シートを18グラム/平方メートルで製作し実施例62とし、15グラム/平方メートルで製作し実施例63とした。下の表6はシートの特性を示す。
図8は、外筐体12を含む一般的な電池10の構造を示し、その外筐体12は他の全ての構成要素を内包し、セル環境の汚染およびセルからの電解質の漏れを防ぐよう確実に密閉される。アノード14は、カソード16とタンデムに設けられ、その2極の間に少なくとも一つのバッテリセパレータ18が配置される。必要なイオン発生ができるよう密閉前にセルに電解質20を付加する。セパレータ18は、アノード14とカソード16の接触を防止するのに役立ち、選択されたイオンが電解質20からセパレータ18を通過してマイグレーションするのを可能にする。電池セルの一般的な構成はここに記載した構造ではあるが、電池セル自体のサイズや構造により内部構成要素の構造体のサイズや構成は異なる。そこで、該セル内でのセパレータの有効性を適切に試験するため、略円筒状固形構成要素のボタン型電池を製作した。
さらに、パウチセル電池を次のように製作した:標準的な携帯電話電池用電極は約2.5mAh/cm2の量で被覆されている。セパレータの能力限界が比率容量に関係しており実施基準を超えていることを証明するために、電極を4mAh/cm2(NCA)の量で被覆を行い試験手順用に製作した。Celgard2325(下記実施例54)および実施例53(下記実施例55)を使用し、各セパレータタイプに1つのセル(手製)を製作した。電極に被覆、カレンダ処理、乾燥、およびタブへの溶接を実施し、ラミネート包装し、1MのLi塩を含んだ標準的な電池用溶媒電解質で満たし、密封した。そのセルを、C/10、C/4、C/2およびCの各レートで複数回放電して放電容量を試験し、その結果を、成形後C/10での最初の放電に対する割合にして下記表7に示す。実施例54のセルをC/10で行う比放電容量は141mAh/g、実施例55のセルの場合は145mAh/gであった。
Claims (8)
- マイクロファイバおよびナノファイバが網目状に交絡する単一層を備える絶縁非導電性微多孔高分子バッテリセパレータであって、190°Cの温度に1時間さらされると7%以下収縮し、
平均流量細孔径が500nm以下、厚みが40マイクロメータ以下、空隙率が60%以下である、バッテリセパレータ。 - 請求項1に記載のバッテリセパレータであって、前記マイクロファイバは互いに交絡し;前記セパレータは互いに交絡したマイクロファイバ間に隙間を有し;前記隙間は前記隙間の中にナノファイバを備える、バッテリセパレータ。
- 前記マイクロファイバがフィブリル化されたマイクロファイバを備える請求項2に記載のバッテリセパレータ。
- 前記マイクロファイバは1000nm超の平均繊維直径を有する、請求項3に記載のバッテリセパレータ。
- 前記マイクロファイバは3000nm超の平均繊維直径を有する、請求項3に記載のバッテリセパレータ。
- 前記ナノファイバは1000nm未満の平均繊維直径を有する、請求項3に記載のバッテリセパレータ。
- 前記ナノファイバは700nm未満の平均繊維直径を有する、請求項3に記載のバッテリセパレータ。
- 横方向アスペクト比が1.5:1超であるナノファイバを備える請求項2に記載のバッテリセパレータ。
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US8470898B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 | 2013-06-25 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods of making lithium ion battery separators |
CN102522515A (zh) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | 锂二次电池用纤维素/聚合物纤维复合隔膜材料及其制备方法 |
US10700326B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2020-06-30 | Dreamweaver International, Inc. | Single-layer lithium ion battery separators exhibiting low shrinkage rates at high temperatures |
US20140141337A1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-22 | Brian G. Morin | Versatile Single-Layer Lithium Ion Battery Separators Having Nanofiber and Microfiber Components |
US8936878B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2015-01-20 | Dreamweaver International, Inc. | Methods of making single-layer lithium ion battery separators having nanofiber and microfiber components |
US10797286B2 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2020-10-06 | Dreamweaver International Inc. | Thin, high density nonwoven separators for energy storage devices |
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US10700326B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
EP2919957B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
KR20150105304A (ko) | 2015-09-16 |
EP2919957A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
CN104870156A (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
EP2919957A4 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
JP2016502736A (ja) | 2016-01-28 |
EP2919957B8 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
US20140134496A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
CA2891345A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
CN104870156B (zh) | 2018-06-22 |
WO2014078599A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
KR102202167B1 (ko) | 2021-01-12 |
CA2891345C (en) | 2021-04-27 |
US20200403202A1 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
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