JP6533873B2 - 内燃機関の排気ガスの浄化用触媒および該触媒を用いた排気ガスの浄化方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気ガスの浄化用触媒および該触媒を用いた排気ガスの浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6533873B2 JP6533873B2 JP2018528874A JP2018528874A JP6533873B2 JP 6533873 B2 JP6533873 B2 JP 6533873B2 JP 2018528874 A JP2018528874 A JP 2018528874A JP 2018528874 A JP2018528874 A JP 2018528874A JP 6533873 B2 JP6533873 B2 JP 6533873B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- catalyst layer
- exhaust gas
- layer
- rhodium
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 248
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 120
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 93
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 48
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 27
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 27
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TYAVIWGEVOBWDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TYAVIWGEVOBWDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RCYIWFITYHZCIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxybut-1-yne Chemical compound COCCC#C RCYIWFITYHZCIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BYFGZMCJNACEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(i) oxide Chemical compound [Al]O[Al] BYFGZMCJNACEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DEXZEPDUSNRVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Y+3] DEXZEPDUSNRVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- MBULCFMSBDQQQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;2,4-dioxo-1h-pyrimidine-6-carboxylate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CC(O)=O.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 MBULCFMSBDQQQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRWKMJCISLXRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Ce].[Y].[La] Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce].[Y].[La] WRWKMJCISLXRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanide;platinum(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [NH2-].[NH2-].[Pt+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O IXSUHTFXKKBBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GSHDNSHZGPBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium lanthanum neodymium zirconium Chemical compound [Ce][Zr][La][Nd] GSHDNSHZGPBFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXGASACSZHOEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium lanthanum zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[La].[Ce] NXGASACSZHOEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHVPCSSKNPYQDU-UHFFFAOYSA-H neodymium(3+);trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Nd+3].[Nd+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RHVPCSSKNPYQDU-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBSDADOZMZEYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-H oxalate;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].[Y+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IBSDADOZMZEYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRTRRDMHGTZPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QRTRRDMHGTZPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGRJUMGAEQQVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);dibromide Chemical compound Br[Pt]Br KGRJUMGAEQQVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000347 yttrium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAYJOCWVUTQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-H yttrium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Y+3].[Y+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RTAYJOCWVUTQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/043—Sulfides with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/045—Platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- B01J37/0236—Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/08—Phosphorus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
Description
本発明の効果を、以下の実施例および比較例を用いて説明する。ただし、本発明の技術的範囲が以下の実施例のみに制限されるわけではない。
硝酸パラジウム水溶液、CeO2−ZrO2複合酸化物、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O 3)、酢酸ランタンおよび硫酸バリウムを、質量比がパラジウム(Pd):CeO2−ZrO2複合酸化物:Al2O3:硫酸バリウム(BaSO4):酸化ランタンの換算で0.3:50:48:6:5となるように、それぞれ評量し、湿式粉砕することでスラリーaを作製した。作製したスラリーaを耐火性三次元構造体として、直径103mm、長さ105mm、円筒形の0.875L、1インチ(1インチ=25.4mm)あたり600セル、セル壁厚み2.5mil(1mil=0.0254mm)のコージェライト担体に焼成後の担持量が109.3g/Lとなるように塗布し、150℃で15分乾燥後、550℃で30分焼成し、耐火性三次元構造体に下触媒層を設けたA0を得た。なお、下触媒層は耐火性三次元構造体の排気ガス流入側端面から排気ガス流出側端面まで(排気ガス流入側端面から耐火性三次元構造体の全長に対して100%の位置まで)配置された。
実施例1において得られた該A1に、流出側端面から70mmの長さまでスラリーb2を担体1リットルあたり90.45g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側上触媒層と流出側上触媒層の間に下層が露出した長さ10mm(割合9.5%)の中間域を有する触媒Bを得た。
実施例1において得られた該A1に、流出側端面から75mmの長さまでスラリーb2を担体1リットルあたり90.45g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側上触媒層と流出側上触媒層流出側上触媒層の間に下層が露出した長さ5mm(割合4.8%)の中間域を有する触媒Cを得た。
実施例1において得られた該A1に、流出側端面から77mmの長さまでスラリーb2を担体1リットルあたり90.45g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側上触媒層と流出側上触媒層流出側上触媒層の間に下層が露出した長さ3mm(割合2.9%)の中間域を有する触媒Dを得た。
実施例1において得られた該A1に、流出側端面から80mmの長さまでスラリーb2を担体1リットルあたり90.45g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側上触媒層と流出側上触媒層の間に下層が露出した中間域の無い触媒Eを得た。
実施例1において得られた該A1に、流出側端面から55mmの長さまでスラリーb2を担体1リットルあたり90.45g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側上触媒層と流出側上触媒層の間に下層が露出した長さ25mm(割合23.8%)の中間域を有する触媒Fを得た。
実施例1において得られた該A1に、流出側端面から50mmの長さまでスラリーb2を担体1リットルあたり90.45g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側上触媒層と流出側上触媒層の間に下層が露出した長さ30mm(割合28.6%)の中間域を有する触媒Gを得た。
ロジウム(Rh):パラジウム(Pd):(スラリーbに含まれるCeO2−ZrO2複合酸化物およびAl2O3およびLa2O3の合計量)の重量比が0.4:0.2:119.5となるよう硝酸ロジウム水溶液、硝酸パラジウム水溶液、該スラリーbを秤量し、混合したスラリーb3を作製した。実施例1において得られた該A0の流入側端面から流出側端面に至るまでスラリーb3を担体1リットルあたり120.1g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側から流出側に至るまで貴金属量の分布がなく、中間域の無い触媒Hを得た。
実施例1において得られたスラリーb1を実施例1において得られた該A0に焼成後の担持量が担体1リットルあたり29.65gとなるように触媒流入側から10mmに塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行いI1を得た。次にI1に、流出側端面から85mmの長さまでスラリーb2を担体1リットルあたり90.45g塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側端面から10mm−20mmの位置に下層が露出した長さ10mm(割合9.5%)の中間域を有する触媒Iを得た。
実施例1において得られたスラリーb1を実施例1において得られた該A0に焼成後の担持量が担体1リットルあたり29.65gとなるように触媒流入側から15mmに塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行いJ1を得た。次にJ1に、流出側端面から80mmの長さまでスラリーb2を塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側端面から15mm−25mmの位置に下層が露出した長さ10mm(割合9.5%)の中間域を有する触媒Jを得た。
実施例1において得られたスラリーb1を実施例1において得られた該A0に焼成後の担持量が担体1リットルあたり29.65gとなるように触媒流入側から35mmに塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行いK1を得た。次にK1に、流出側端面から60mmの長さまでスラリーb2を塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側端面から35mm−45mmの位置に下層が露出した長さ10mm(割合9.5%)の中間域を有する触媒Kを得た。
実施例1において得られたスラリーb1を実施例1において得られた該A0に焼成後の担持量が担体1リットルあたり29.65gとなるように触媒流入側から45mmに塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行いL1を得た。次にL1に、流出側端面から50mmの長さまでスラリーb2を塗布し、乾燥後、焼成を行った。流入側端面から45mm−55mmの位置に下層が露出した長さ10mm(割合9.5%)の中間域を有する触媒L得た。
上記実施例1〜5ならびに比較例1〜7で得られた触媒A〜Lを、それぞれ、V型8気筒、4.6リットルエンジンの排気口から25cm下流側に設置し、触媒入口部のA/Fは14.6で触媒床部の温度を1000℃とし運転し、続いてA/Fが13.8で運転し、続いて燃料供給を停止して運転するサイクルを繰り返し、合計100時間運転し、熱処理を行った。
触媒B、Eおよび触媒Fについてリン付着量の分布を調べた。前記リン被毒を施した触媒B、E、およびFについて、排気ガス流入側端面を0mmとして流出側方向へ25mm、35mm、50mm、70mmの位置で各触媒を切断し、0〜25mm、25〜35mm、35mm〜50mm、50mm〜70mm、70mm〜105mmの各部位に含まれるリン化合物(P2O5換算)をXRF分析によって調べた。0〜105mmの全部位に堆積したリン化合物量に対する各部位に堆積したリン化合物量の割合および0〜105mmの全部位に堆積したリン化合物量に対する中間域に堆積したリン化合物の合計量の割合(以下中間域堆積率とする)を表2に示す。表から、10mmの長さの中間域を有する触媒Bは、中間域が位置する25mm〜35mmの部位のリン化合物の割合が中間域のない触媒Eより高く、25mmの長さの中間域を有する触媒Fは35〜50mmのリン化合物の割合が高い。触媒Fは、中間域の流入側10mmの部位に相当する25〜35mmは、35〜50mmよりもリン付着割合が少なく、排気ガス流れに沿って中間域内の流出側にリンが多く付着しており中間域にリンが付着することがわかる。
リン被毒後の上記各触媒を、それぞれ、直列6気筒、2.4リットルエンジン排気口から30cm下流側に設置し、A/Fを14.6で、触媒床部温度を100℃から500℃まで1800℃/分で昇温させ、触媒出口から排出されるガスをサンプリングし、CO、THC、NOxの各浄化率を算出した。各浄化率が20%に達する時の温度をT20として、T20に達するまでの時間を図1、図2に示す。リン被毒処理後のT20に達する時間が短いほど早期に20%の排気ガスが浄化されることを意味し、リン被毒処理後も高い排気ガス浄化性能を有していることを示している。
Claims (9)
- 耐火性三次元構造体上に少なくとも1種の貴金属を含む下触媒層を設け、該下触媒層の表面に、排気ガス流入側上触媒層と流出側上触媒層とを設け、該流入側上触媒層と該流出側上触媒層とに含まれる貴金属の濃度が異なり、かつ該流入側上触媒層と該流出側上触媒層との間に、該耐火性三次元構造体の全長に対して3〜23%の長さの、該下触媒層が露出している中間域を設けてなり、該中間域は、該触媒の排気ガス流入側端面から10〜38%の位置から始まるリン化合物含有排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- 該中間域は、該流入側上触媒層および該流出側上触媒層よりも1層少ないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 該貴金属は、ロジウム、パラジウムまたは、白金の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1または2に記載の触媒。
- 該流入側上触媒層および該流出側上触媒層は少なくともロジウムを含み、かつ該流入側上触媒層のロジウムの濃度が、該流出側上触媒層のロジウムの濃度より高い請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の触媒。
- 該流入側上触媒層および該流出側上触媒層は、さらにパラジウムを含有してなる請求項4に記載の触媒。
- 上触媒層中の該ロジウムに対する該パラジウムの質量比は、0.05〜5.0である請求項5に記載の触媒。
- 該下触媒層は、少なくともパラジウムを含んでなる請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の触媒。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の触媒を用いてリン化合物含有排気ガスを浄化することを特徴とする排気ガスの浄化方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の触媒を用いてリン化合物を中間域に堆積させてリン化合物含有排気ガスを浄化することを特徴とする排気ガスの浄化方法。
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