JP6503539B2 - Mass production technology of plant seedlings using hydroponic culture - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating plants that can be propagated by methods such as seed cultivar, rooting and stocking.

  There is a method of growing a plant by so-called seed plating, rooting and straining, and harvesting the grown plant or a necessary site from the plant. Plants to which such a method is applied usually have poor seedling production and supply systems, often do not have seeds, and methods such as seeding, rooting and stocking are performed in order to maintain excellent traits. Will be adopted. As an example, there are no lines that stably produce and supply seedlings with excellent traits for medicinal plants such as Gio, licorice, cuckon, soju, rhubarb and birch. In addition, since the seeds can not be used for ジ ウ, it can not but be propagated by methods such as seed cultivar, root separation, and stock separation.

  For example, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent No. 5611777) discloses a system for hydroponic cultivation of root crops. As disclosed in Patent Document 1, a plant factory that cultivates various crops is put to practical use by using a plant factory that cultivates by controlling the growth environment such as light, water and nutrition in a closed space or a semi-closed space. ing. However, as pointed out also in Patent Document 1, in root crops such as root crops and medicinal plants for harvesting roots, when roots are cultivated in a state of immersion in nutrient solution, the number of fine roots becomes large, and the purpose There is a problem that main roots, adventitious roots, rhizomes and tubers are not sufficiently enlarged. The hydroponic cultivation system of a root crop as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is such that a plant body is installed so that a root extends in a tubular member.

  Further, Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-198491), similar to Patent Document 1, does not enlarge the main root in hydroponic cultivation, and the practical application of hydroponic cultivation in the cultivation of medicinal plants aimed at roots Point out that it is difficult. The apparatus for cultivating medicinal plants disclosed in Patent Document 2 sets a plant in a container filled with artificial prixites different in size (solid medium cultivation using a nutrient solution), and supplies a nutrient solution from the bottom of the container It is a thing.

  By the way, the apparatus disclosed by patent document 1 and 2 is a thing which grows a root crop until a harvest stage in closed space or semi-closed space like a plant factory. However, the devices and known methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not provide a method for supplying a large amount of clonal seedlings for plants which are proliferated by seed cultivar, root division and strain division. If a large amount of clonal seedlings can be supplied to these plants, for example, it is possible to grow a large number of virus-free individuals and individuals maintaining excellent traits.

Patent 5611777 JP, 2013-198491, A

  Then, in view of the situation mentioned above, this invention aims at providing the cultivation method of a plant which can supply a large amount of cloned seedlings to a plant which is proliferated by seed cultivar, root division and strain division.

The nutrient solution cultivation method concerning the present invention which achieved the object mentioned above includes the following.
(1) A method for cultivating a plant, comprising the steps of: hydroponically cultivating a plant capable of growing by any of seed cultivar, root division and strain division; and collecting fine roots of 1 mm or more in diameter, and germinating the collected fine roots .
(2) The above-mentioned plants are selected from the group consisting of Uralkanzoo (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), kudzu (Pueraria lobata), goosefish (Atractylodes lancea), rhubarb (Rheum palmatum), goose (Atractylodes japonica), and silkworm (Rehmannia glutinosa) (1) The method for cultivating a plant according to (1), which is a kind of plant.
(3) The method for cultivating a plant according to (1), wherein the plant is Rehmannia glutinosa.
(4) The method for cultivating a plant according to (1), wherein the above-mentioned nutrient solution cultivation is nutrient solution cultivation using a seedling obtained by shoot apex culture.
(5) The method for cultivating a plant according to (1), which further comprises the step of cultivating the sprouted seedlings in a field.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to supply a large amount of clonal seedlings for plants that can be propagated by any of seed cultivar, rooting and straining. Therefore, by applying the present invention, for example, a large amount of plants maintaining the desired trait can be produced, and a high yield can be achieved.

It is a figure showing typically the flow of the cultivation method of the plant concerning the present invention. It is the photograph which imaged the root part at the time of carrying out hydroponic cultivation of Kaikei Giow for 41 days. It is the photograph which picturized the fine root of the enlargement level 1 to 3 extract | collected from the root part of the silkworm which carried out the nutrient solution culture for 41 days. It is the photograph which imaged the thin root of the enlargement levels 1 to 3 cut | disconnected to 2 cm, 4 cm, and 8 cm.

  Hereinafter, the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The method of cultivating a plant according to the present invention is a method of mass-producing so-called clonal seedlings for plants which can be propagated by any of seed cultivar, rooting and straining. Here, a cloned seedling is a seedling obtained by cultivating a tissue of a parent plant, and is a seedling that has inherited the gene of the parent plant. Cloned seedlings have a parent plant gene and thus become a plant that retains the parent plant trait.

  In the present invention, the plant to be cultivated is a plant which can be propagated by any of seed cultivar, root division and strain division. In addition, "a plant which can be propagated by any of seed cultivar, root division and strain division" may be able to be proliferated in all of seed cultivar, root division and strain division.

  More specifically, the plants to be cultivated include Uralkan (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), Prunaria lobata, Atractylodes lancea, Rheum palmatum, Atractylodes japonica, Rehmannia glutinosa and There may be mentioned Sanyaku (Dioscorea japonica or Dioscorea batatas).

  In addition, plants to be cultivated are not limited to these, and may be, for example, common root vegetables. That is, examples of plants to be cultivated include root vegetables such as radish, carrot, burdock, lotus root, ginger, turnip, wasabi, horseradish, churolgi and lily root.

  Among them, in the present invention, it is preferable to use as a cultivation object the silkworm (Rehmannia glutinosa var. Hueichingensis) or the rhubarb (Rehmannia glutinosa var. Purpurea). It is because the root is used as a herbal medicine and the stable supply of excellent seedlings is difficult. That is, when the roots of C. formicana and C. japonicus are used for raising seedlings, the amount that can be shipped as a herbal medicine will be reduced accordingly, and the productivity as a herbal medicine will be significantly reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to target oysters and oysters for cultivation, and to prevent the fall of productivity as a herbal medicine.

  In the following description, a plant which can be propagated by any of seed cultivar, root division and strain division is simply referred to as a cultivation target plant.

  In the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, first, hydroponic cultivation of a plant to be cultivated is performed. Hydroponic cultivation means a method of cultivation by supplying a nutrient solution containing nutrients necessary for cultivation of plants. In the present invention, no particular limitation is imposed on hydroponic culture, and any type of hydroponic culture can be applied. That is, in hydroponic culture, a hydroponic cultivation method for extending roots in a nutrient solution without using a solid medium for planting plants, and supplying a nutrient solution to a solid medium using a solid medium for planting plants The solid culture medium cultivation method to carry out, The spray culture culture method which sprays a nutrient solution on a root without using the solid culture medium for setting a plant can be mentioned.

  However, in the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention, it is particularly preferable to apply either hydroponic culture or spray culture. According to these hydroponic culture and spray culture, it is because many fine roots can be grown to a cultivation object plant. In addition, when applying a solid-medium culture culture in the cultivation method of the plant which concerns on this invention, many fine roots can be grown by the cultivation object plant by adjusting the filling amount etc. of a solid culture medium suitably. Examples of the solid medium include rock wool, coconut husk, cedar burk, peat moss, sand and straw.

  The method of hydroponic culture is not limited at all, and may be hydroponic culture in a closed space or hydroponic culture in a semi-closed space. For example, as hydroponic cultivation in a closed space, light irradiation means for irradiating a predetermined amount of light to the cultivation target plant, temperature control means for controlling the cultivation temperature of the cultivation target plant, nutrient solution supply for controlling the supply of nutrient solution It is possible to use so-called plant factories which comprise means. In addition, as a plant factory, you may provide the means to adjust various cultivation conditions other than these light irradiation means, a temperature control means, and a nutrient solution supply means. As a plant factory, use EC sensor and measuring pump etc to measure conductivity of nutrient solution to prepare dilution solution automatically from concentrated stock solution, and to feed nutrient solution automatically with timer or solar radiation sensor etc. It may have a system.

  It does not specifically limit as a composition of the nutrient solution used for nutrient solution cultivation, You may adjust a composition suitably according to the cultivation object plant. Nutrients contained in a nutrient solution are usually a large amount of elements required relatively much for plant growth and a trace amount of elements required in an amount smaller than the large amount of elements. As major elements there may be mentioned nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Examples of trace elements include iron, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, silicon, chlorine, aluminum, sodium and nickel.

  In particular, in the above-described nutrient solution cultivation, cultured seedlings of a cultivation target plant or soil-cultivated seedlings of the cultivation target plant may be used, or a tissue collected from the cultivation target plant may be used. In particular, when using cultured seedlings, it is preferable to use cultured seedlings that have been cultured aseptically. Moreover, when using the structure | tissue extract | collected from the cultivation object plant, it is preferable to extract a stem tip and to culture | cultivate to the individual | organism of a cultivation object plant. According to tissue culture using aseptically cultured culture seedlings and stem tips, virus-free cultivation target plants can be cultured.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned nutrient solution cultivation, it is preferable to culture | cultivate the individual which has the outstanding trait among cultivation object plants. The excellent traits include, but are not limited to, various properties such as excellent disease resistance, resistance to environmental stress, and remarkable growth of hypertrophic roots. Therefore, in the above-mentioned nutrient solution cultivation, it is most preferable to use aseptically cultured cultured seedlings prepared for individuals having excellent traits among the plants to be cultivated.

  According to the above-described hydroponic culture, the plant to be cultivated is not grown as the enlarged roots (main root, adventitious root, rhizome, tuberous root) and more fine roots are formed. In particular, the above-mentioned nutrient solution cultivation is carried out until fine roots of 2 mm or more in diameter appear in the fine roots of the plant to be grown, preferably until fine roots of 4 mm or more in diameter appear, more preferably until fine roots of about 6 mm in diameter appear.

  Next, in the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention, a fine root having a desired size is collected from a plant to be cultivated. Here, as a fine root to be collected, a fine root having a diameter of 1 mm or more, more preferably 2 mm or more, and still more preferably 4 mm or more is collected. By using this range of fine roots, it is possible to achieve a very good germination rate. In addition, for example, to collect fine roots having a diameter of 1 mm or more, fine roots having a diameter of 1 mm or more may be collected over the entire length, or an area less than 1 mm in diameter is cut to become a diameter of 1 mm or more You may collect fine roots in this way.

  Next, in the method for cultivating a plant according to the present invention, a clonal seedling of a plant to be cultivated is produced by germinating the collected fine roots. Although it does not specifically limit as a method to germinate the extract | collected fine root, For example, the method of planting the fine root cut | disconnected by predetermined length to the tray filled with the soil for germination is mentioned. The length of fine roots to be planted is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 to 10 cm in length, preferably 2 to 8 cm in length, more preferably 6 to 8 cm in length. By setting the fine roots to a length in this range, it is possible to achieve a very good germination rate. If the fine root length is below this range, the germination rate may be reduced. In addition, when the length of fine roots exceeds this range, the number of usable fine roots decreases, which may cause a disadvantage such as a decrease in the number of clonal seedlings obtained.

  The soil for germination is not particularly limited, and, for example, horticultural culture soil, vermiculite, Kanuma soil, river sand, oasis (song for sponge), urethane foam, rock wool and the like can be used. After planting the fine roots in the soil for germination, watering and / or fertilization are performed as appropriate. Thereby, it germinates from the planted fine root, and a seedling can be obtained.

  The obtained seedling is a clone of a cultivation target plant subjected to hydroponic culture, and if the cultivation target plant is a virus-free individual, it becomes a virus-free cloned seedling, and retains the traits of the cultivation target plant. Become. In particular, by using the fine roots obtained by hydroponic cultivation of the plant to be cultivated, a very good germination rate can be achieved, and a very large number of clonal seedlings can be produced from one individual.

  Cloned seedlings produced can be grown in the field. For example, in the case of carrying out hydroponic cultivation of a virus-free cultivation target plant by the present method, a large number of excellent strains retaining the traits of the cultivation target plant can be prevented by preventing a disease strain or a deficiency caused by the virus. It can be grown. For example, if the plant to be cultivated is a medicinal plant such as Uralix (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), Kudari (Pueraria lobata), Dwarf (Atractylodes lancea), Dahlia (Rheum palmatum), Dwarf (Atractylodes japonica), and Squid (Rehmannia glutinosa), etc. Large-scale production of herbal medicines using fields becomes possible.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1
In this example, as an example of a plant to be cultivated, excellent seedlings are obtained for the silkworm moth (Rehmannia glutinosa) which has been unable to produce seeds and conventionally leaves a part of the roots unshipped and used as a seed pod. We verified the stable supply of

  In the present example, first, cultured seedlings cultured aseptically as silkworms were used. In addition, the culture seedling used was created by carrying out the shoot top culture of the silkworm which was cultivated by the contract farmer of Harbor Research Institute, Inc. The shoot top culture was obtained by cutting out the growing point part germinated from the foliage root and aseptically culture it in a medium containing nutrients.

Next, in the present example, the obtained cultured seedlings were cultivated by hydroponic culture. The hydroponic culture of this example is carried out in a plant factory in a totally artificial environment, temperature 23 ° C., relative humidity 60%, supplementary light uses a metal halide lamp and a high pressure sodium lamp in combination and the light intensity of the planting surface is about 600 μmol / m. ^{It was 2} / s. As a nutrient solution, a spray type nutrient solution culture apparatus was used, and as a nutrient solution, Otsuka A prescription (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. About 2 weeks after planting in a spray type cultivation apparatus, root enlargement started to occur.

  Next, in the present example, fine roots were respectively collected from B. victoriai 22 days, 41 days and 52 days after the start of hydroponic culture. As an example, FIG. 2 shows an image obtained by imaging the root portion of Kaikei Gyou with 41 days elapsed from the start of hydroponic cultivation. As shown in FIG. 2, about 41 days after hydroponics start, about 1000 fine roots including fine roots having a diameter of 1 mm or less are formed, and 2 to 6 mm fine roots are formed. It was

  In this example, as shown in FIG. 3, a fine root of 1 to 2 mm in diameter is referred to as “hypertrophy level 1”, a fine root of 2 to 4 mm in diameter is referred to as “hypertrophic level 2”, and a fine root of 4 to 6 mm in diameter It was defined as "hypertrophy level 3." In addition, about the silkworm which is 22 days after a hydroponic cultivation start, there was no thin root of the enlargement levels 2 and 3, and it was only the thin root of the enlargement level 1.

  In this example, the collected fine roots were cut into 2 cm, 4 cm or 8 cm (FIG. 4), and the cut fine roots were planted in the soil. The obtained fine roots were planted in horticultural culture soil (manufactured by Hokusan Co., Ltd.), maintained at 23 ° C. in a greenhouse, and the presence or absence of rooting was verified 46 days later. Then, the number of sprouts at the end of cultivation was measured to calculate the germination rate. The results are shown in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, no germination was observed from the cut fine roots of Scutellaria barbata L. with 22 days after the start of hydroponic culture, which was only fine roots at a hypertrophic level 1. On the other hand, for Kaikai Gioux (41 days or 52 days from the start of hydroponic culture) which has been hydroponically grown until thin roots of 2 mm or more in diameter are formed, it is extremely excellent using thin roots cut into 2 cm to 8 cm It became clear that the germination rate could be achieved.

  Moreover, based on the data of the germination rate shown in Table 1, the number of seedlings that can be produced from one strain of silkworm was calculated. That is, the number of rootable roots that can be collected from one strain of silkworm was measured at every enlargement level 1 to 3 and multiplied by the germination rate to calculate the number of seedlings that can be produced from one strain of silkworm. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. In addition, Table 2 showed the calculation result when using Kaikei Gyow of 41 days after a hydroponic cultivation start, and Table 3 showed the calculation result when using Kaikei Gioux of 52 days after a hydroponic cultivation start.

  As shown in Table 2, when using 41 days after hydroponic culture start, production of 67 seedlings can be predicted by using thin roots of hypertrophy level 1 at 2 cm length, fine roots of hypertrophy level 2 Production of 105 seedlings can be predicted by using 2 cm in length, and production of 155 seedlings can be predicted by using thin roots with an enlargement level of 3 in 2 cm. In total, it can be seen that 1 to 327 seedlings can be supplied when using Kaikei Gyoi for 41 days after the start of hydroponics. In addition, similarly, Table 3 shows that 1 to 260 seedlings can be supplied when using Kaikei Gyow 52 days after the start of hydroponics.

  In addition, about Kaikai Giow, about 40% lack of stock has arisen, when self-collecting a seed meal and propagating it conventionally. On the other hand, the cultured seedlings of Bombyx mori L. used in the present example are characterized by being virus free due to the shoot apex culture. When the cultured seedlings of B. icariensis were planted in the field, there were no defects and all could be grown. From this point of view, it is possible to cultivate even a hypertrophic root which can be used as a raw material of a herbal medicine without causing a shortage even when the clonal seedlings produced as described above using the cultured seedlings are planted in the field. It can be predicted.

Claims (3)

Cultivating cultured seedlings or soil seedlings of the silkworm (Rehmannia glutinosa var. Hueichingensis) or the rhubarb (Rehmannia glutinosa var. Purpurea) as parent plants until the fine roots appear , and collecting the fine roots of 1 mm or more in diameter;
And D. Germinating the collected fine roots to obtain a clonal seedling of the parent plant .   The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, wherein said hydroponic culture is carried out using hydroponic seedlings obtained by shoot top culture.   The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, further comprising the step of cultivating the sprouted seedlings in a field.

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