JP6481682B2 - R−t−b系合金粉末の製造方法およびr−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
R−t−b系合金粉末の製造方法およびr−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6481682B2 JP6481682B2 JP2016510325A JP2016510325A JP6481682B2 JP 6481682 B2 JP6481682 B2 JP 6481682B2 JP 2016510325 A JP2016510325 A JP 2016510325A JP 2016510325 A JP2016510325 A JP 2016510325A JP 6481682 B2 JP6481682 B2 JP 6481682B2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 161
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 155
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 155
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 37
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明の実施形態にかかるR−T−B系合金粉末は、合金粉末の粒子を2次元に投影した輪郭形状において、長径a、短径bからその比をa/bとし、周囲長L、円相当径d(同じ面積を有する円の直径)からその比をL/dとしたとき、L/d≦5.39−1.07(a/b)の条件を満たす粉末が20%以上含まれている合金粉末である。
本発明の実施形態によるR−T−B系焼結磁石は、前記R−T−B系合金粉末を外部磁界により配向し、焼結することで得られる。
本発明の実施形態によるR−T−B系合金粉末は、合金粉末を粉砕装置の粉砕槽内にて旋回させつつ、合金粉末同士を磨砕により微粉砕し、27.5質量%以上36.0質量%以下のR(Rは希土類元素のうちの少なくとも1種でありNdおよびPrのうちの少なくとも1種を必ず含む)、0.85質量%以上1.05質量%以下のB(ホウ素)、0.1質量%以上2.5質量%以下の元素M(Mは、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、Pb、およびBiからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種)、残部T(TはFeを主成分とする遷移元素であり、具体的にはFeまたはFeとCo)を含むR−T−B系合金粉末を得る工程により作製される。上記の微粉砕する工程において、粉砕槽に導入する粉砕ガスがゲージ圧で0.65MPa以上のときには8分以上、また、0.75MPa以上のときには5分以上、合金粉末を粉砕層内に滞留させる。
母合金はインゴット法、ストリップキャスト法のいずれによって作製されてもよいが、急冷法であるストリップキャスト法にて作製することが好ましい。これにより、鋳造組織にα-Feが残存せず、容易に粉砕することができる。母合金の組成は、得られるR−T−B系合金粉末の組成が所定の組成となるよう途中工程における各元素の減少分を考慮して適宜決めればよい。
粉砕工程には、粗粉砕工程と微粉砕工程との2段階の粉砕工程が含まれる。
[外部磁界による主相結晶の配向]
前記R−T−B系合金粉末を外部磁界により配向する。
金型プレスを用いる場合、成形体の密度は例えば3.7g/cm3以上4.7g/cm3以下に設定される。この範囲に調整すると、成形体の強度を保ちつつ、配向度を高くしやすい。3.7g/cm3未満であると、配向度が高まるが、金型プレスにて成形を行った場合、強度が不足し、成形体取扱い時に割れてしまう恐れがある。4.7g/cm3を超えると、成形体強度は高くなるが、磁界成形時の粒子の動きが抑えられ、配向度が低下することがある。
焼結工程は、真空中または大気圧以下の不活性ガス雰囲気に保たれた焼結炉内で行うのが好ましい。ここでの不活性ガスとは、ArまたはHeガスを指す。大気圧以下の不活性ガス雰囲気を保持する方法は、真空ポンプによる真空排気を行いつつ、不活性ガスを少量焼結炉内に導入する方法が好ましい。この場合、真空排気を間歇的に行ってもよく、不活性ガスの導入を間歇的に行ってもよい。また真空排気と導入の双方とも間歇的に行うこともできる。
保磁力を高めることを目的に、焼結終了後、焼結温度以下で熱処理を行うことができる。また、この熱処理を、同じ温度または温度を変えて複数回行ってもよい。熱処理の際の冷却条件として、種々の条件を選択できる。
焼結体として得られた磁石が最終製品に近い形状を有している場合もあるが、そうでない場合もあり、一般的には切断、研削、研磨等の機械加工により、焼結後のR−T−B系焼結磁石を所定形状に仕上げる。なお、この加工は、焼結後であれば、熱処理の前でも後でも、または複数回の熱処理の中間に行ってもよい。
防錆のため、得られたR−T−B系焼結磁石に表面コーティング処理を施すのが好ましい。表面コーティング処理の例としては、Niめっき、Snめっき、Znめっき、Al蒸着、Al合金蒸着、樹脂塗装などがある。
純度99.5%以上のNd、電解鉄、低炭素フェロボロン合金を主原料とし、添加元素(CoおよびM)は純金属またはFeとの合金の形で添加して、最終的にR−T−B系合金粉末および焼結磁石の組成が、Nd:30.5、B:0.94、Co:0.9、Cu:0.1、Al:0.1、Ga:0.1、Fe:残部[質量%]となるように溶解した合金溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷し、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状の合金を得た。
純度99.5%以上のNd、電解鉄、低炭素フェロボロン合金を主原料とし、添加元素(CoおよびM)を純金属またはFeとの合金として添加して、最終的にR−T−B系合金粉末および焼結磁石の組成が、Nd:29.1、B:0.94、Co:0.9、Cu:0.1、Al:0.1、Ga:0.1、Fe:残部[質量%]となるように溶解した合金溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷し、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状の合金を得た。
純度99.5%以上のNd、Pr、Dy、Tb、電解鉄、低炭素フェロボロン合金を主原料とし、添加元素Mを純金属またはFeとの合金として添加して、最終的にR−T−B系合金粉末および焼結磁石の組成が、Nd:22.8、Pr:7.6、Dy:1.0、Tb:1.0、B:1.05、Cu:0.1、Al:0.3、Nb:0.5、Fe:残部[質量%]となるように溶解した合金溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷し、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状の合金を得た。
純度99.5%以上のNd、Pr、電解鉄、低炭素フェロボロン合金を主原料とし、添加元素(CoおよびM)を純金属またはFeとの合金として添加して、最終的にR−T−B系合金粉末および焼結磁石の組成が、Nd:21.9、Pr:7.3、B:0.94、Co:2.0、Cu:0.1、Al:0.05、Ga:0.1、Fe:残部[質量%]となるように溶解した合金溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷し、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状の合金を得た。
純度99.5%以上のNd、Pr、Dy、Tb、電解鉄、低炭素フェロボロン合金を主原料とし、添加元素(CoおよびM)を純金属またはFeとの合金として添加して、最終的にR−T−B系合金粉末および焼結磁石の組成が、Nd:22.5、Pr:7.5、Dy:0.1、Tb:0.1、B:0.90、Co:0.9、Cu:0.15、Al:0.1、Ga:0.5、Zr:0.1、Fe:残部[質量%]となるように溶解した合金溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷し、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状の合金を得た。
2 ハウジング
2A 粉砕槽
3 粗粉砕粉供給口
4 粗粉砕粉供給部
5 粉砕ガス導入ノズル
6 微粉砕粉排出口
18 高速旋回流
Claims (3)
- 27.5質量%以上36.0質量%以下のR(Rは希土類元素のうちの少なくとも1種でありNdおよびPrのうちの少なくとも1種を必ず含む)、0.85質量%以上1.05質量%以下のB(ホウ素)、0.1質量%以上2.5質量%以下の元素M(Mは、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、Pb、およびBiからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種)、残部T(TはFeまたはFeとCo)を含む合金粉末を用意する工程と、
前記合金粉末と粉砕ガスとを粉砕槽に導入して前記合金粉末を粉砕する工程であって、前記粉砕槽内で前記粉砕ガスの流れによって前記合金粉末を旋回させて磨砕することによって粉砕する工程と
を包含し、
前記粉砕する工程は、前記粉砕槽に導入する前記粉砕ガスのゲージ圧が0.65MPa以上かつ前記粉砕槽内における前記合金粉末の滞留時間が8分以上の条件を満たすか、または、前記粉砕ガスのゲージ圧が0.75MPa以上かつ前記滞留時間が5分以上の条件を満たすように行われる、R−T−B系合金粉末の製造方法。 - 前記粉砕する工程は、前記粉砕ガスのゲージ圧が0.75MPa以上かつ前記滞留時間が5分以上の条件を満たすように行われる、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の方法によってR−T−B系合金粉末を得る工程と、
前記R−T−B系合金粉末を外部磁界により配向し、焼結する工程と
を包含する、R−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
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CN112216499A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-12 | 宁波同创强磁材料有限公司 | 一种抗氧化烧结钕铁硼磁体的制备方法 |
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