JP6466833B2 - 抗炎症活性を有するペプチド、及びそれを含む組成物 - Google Patents
抗炎症活性を有するペプチド、及びそれを含む組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(2)中性親水性:cys、ser、thr;
(3)酸性:asp、glu;
(4)塩基性:asn、gln、his、lys、arg;
(5)鎖方向に影響を及ぼす残基:gly、pro;及び
(6)芳香(族)性:trp、tyr、phe。
実験例1:PEP 1(配列番号1)の合成
ヒトテロメラーゼから選別された下記配列SEQ ID:1(PEP 1)を有する下記化学構造1を有する16個のアミノ酸から構成されたペプチドを合成した。
NH2−Ala−2−chloro−Trityl Resin
NH2−Arg(Pbf)−2−chloro−Trityl Resin
1)カップリング
NH2−Lys(Boc)−2−chloro−Trityl Resinに保護されたアミノ酸(8当量)と、カップリング試薬HBTU(8当量)/HOBt(8当量)/NMM(16当量)とをDMFに溶解させて添加した後、常温で2時間反応させ、DMF、MeOH、DMFの順に洗浄した。
20%のDMF中のピペリジン(piperidine in DMF)を加え、常温で5分間2回反応させ、DMF、MeOH、DMFの順に洗浄した。
細胞株培養
韓国細胞株銀行から分譲されたRaw 264.7macrophage cell(KCBL、40071)は、10%feta lbovine serum(FBS;Gibco Laboratories)と、100unit/mLのstreptomycin及びpenicillin(Gibco Laboratories)が添加されたDulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM;PAA,Austria)培地を使用して、1×106細胞/mlに調節した後、96ウェルプレートに接種し、37゜C、5% CO2の条件で前培養した。
酸化窒素の定量は、Raw 264.7細胞(1×106細胞/ml)を利用して、グリース反応液システム(Griess reagent system;Promega,USA)を使用して測定する方法を使用した。96−ウェルプレートに培養液50μlを入れ、グリース反応液I(ナフチルエチレンジアミド(NED)溶液)及びグリース反応液II(スルファニルアミド溶液)を同量で混合して入れ、10分間の反応後、30分以内に、マイクロプレートリーダー(Molecular Devices,USA)を利用して、光学密度540nmで測定した。酸化窒素(NO)の濃度は、亜硝酸ナトリウムの標準曲線(0〜100μM)を利用して計算した。
PEP 1の炎症性サイトカイン生成抑制効果を調査するために、RAW 264.7cellを、ヒトテロメラーゼ由来PEP 15μg/mL濃度でまず処理した後、LPS 1μg/mL濃度で処理し、24時間さらに培養した。細胞培養液(culture medium)を含む上澄み液サンプルを採集し、ELISAキット(eBioscience,San Diego)を使用して、サイトカインレベルを分析した。
下記表4に示されているように、LPSは、サイトカインIL−6(interleukin−6)の分泌を増加させたが、LPS及びPEP 1を同時に処理した場合、炎症関連サイトカインIL−6の分泌量が減少するということを確認するということができた。特に、PEP 1を処理した場合には、炎症誘発関連サイトカインの分泌量を70%以上減少させ、すぐれた抗炎活性を示した。
タンパク質発現の分析は、ウェスタンブロット分析(Western blot analysis)によって行ったが、ヒトテロメラーゼ由来ペプチドが処理された培地で育った細胞をPBSで洗浄し、0.05%トリプシン−EDTAを処理した後、遠心分離を行って細胞を集めた。そのように集められた細胞に、適量のリシスバッファで溶解させた後、細胞内残渣物を分離させ、同量のタンパク質をSDS−ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動で分離した。分離されたタンパク質を、ニトロセルロース膜(nitrocellulose membrane;Schleicherand Schuell,Keene,NH,USA)に転移させた後、特定タンパク質に対する抗体と、それに対する二次抗体との反応を実施した後、ECL(enhanced chemiluminoesence)溶液(Amersham Life Science Corp.,Arlington Heights,IL,USA)を適用させた後、X線フィルムに感光させ、タンパク質の発現程度を分析した。
実験例3−1:細胞株培養
健常者から血液を採血(50ml)した後、Ficoll−PaqueTM PLUS(GE Healthcare Life Sciences,Piscataway,NJ,USA)を使用して、PBMC(peripheral blood mononuclear cell)層を回収した。回収されたPBMCは、ヒト血清(20%)が添加されたRPMI 1640培地(Invitrogen/Life Technologies,Carlsbad,CA,USA)で富化させ、30分ほどヒト血清をコーティングした100−mmポリスチレン細胞培養プレートに移し、2時間37℃、5%CO2インキュベータで培養した。その後、細胞培養プレートの底に付着したモノサイトを、冷たいPBS(Phosphate Buffered Saline)(Gibco/Life Technologies,Carlsbad,CA,USA)で引き離した後、96ウェルプレートに、ウェル当たり1×105セルになるように、RPMI 1640培地(supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin;100mg/ml、human serum;20%)で実験前日に培養した。
PEP 1がTNF−αのタンパク質発現程度に、いかなる影響を及ぼすかということを調べるために、ELISA(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)実験を行った。PBMCに由来したモノサイトを、96ウェルプレートに、ウェル当たり1×105セルになるように実験前日に培養させた。その後、LPS(lipopolysaccharide;10ng/ml、Sigma)を2時間処理し、PBSで3回洗浄した。OPTI−MEM培地(Invitrogen/Life Technologies,Carlsbad,CA,USA)を入れ、1時間飢餓状態処理(starvation)した後、FITC(Fluorescein Isothiocyanate)、FITC−TAT、PEP 1−FITC及びFITC−PEP 1の4μMで処理し、TNF−αレベル測定前に2時間培養した。培養が終了した後、細胞培養液を集め、ELISA(R&D,Minneapolis,MN,USA)キットマニュアルによってTNF−αを定量した。具体的な定量方法は、次の通りである。
炎症反応(inflammatory response)でのPEP 1の役割を調査するため、ルシフェラーゼ分析(Luciferase assay)を介して、NF−kB発現パターン(expression patterns)を評価した。第一に、12ウェルプレートに、ウェル当たり2.5x105セルになるように、HEK293/nullと、HEK293/TLR 2(Graduate School of Dentistry,Seoul National University)を24時間培養した。プレートをPBSで3回洗浄した後、培地は、OPTI−MEM(Invitrogen/Life Technologies,Carlsbad,CA,USA)に交換して4時間培養した後、3μl lipofectamine(Invitrogen/Life Technologies)、1μl NF−kB ルシフェラーゼ、10ng renilla luciferase(Promega,Madison,WI,USA)混合物を各ウェルに加えた後、4時間さらに培養した。陰性対照群を除外した全てのウェルに、Lipoprotein pam3cys(10ng/ml、Sigma−Aldrich,St.Louis,MO,USA)を加え、PBSで3回洗浄する前に、18時間FITC(4μM)とFITC−PEP 1(4μM)とで処理した。dual-luciferase reporter assayシステム(Promega)によって提供されることにより、それぞれのウェルに、50μl passive溶解緩衝剤(lysis buffer)を加えて細胞を溶解させた後、TD−20/20 luminometer(Turner designs,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)を介して、NF−kB活性化を確認した。Pcmv−renilla luciferase(Promega)のコトランスフェクションで、トレンスフェクション効能を確認し、ルシフェラーゼ値をcalibrateして結果を分析した。
前記実施例1において、配列番号1のペプチド(PEP 1)に対するTNF−α阻害活性を確認し、それに基づいて、配列番号2〜配列番号179のペプチドに対するTNF−α阻害活性を確認する実験を実施した。配列番号2〜配列番号179のペプチドを合成する方法は、実施例1に記述された配列番号1のペプチドを合成する方法のような方法を使用するが、付加されるアミノ酸を異にした。
健常者から血液を採血(50ml)した後、Biocoll Separating Solution(Biochrom AG,Berlin,Germany)を使用して、PBMC(peripheral blood mononuclear cells)層を回収した。回収されたPBMCは、ヒト血清(20%)が添加されたRPMI 1640培地で富化させ、30分ほどヒト血清をコーティングした100mmポリスチレン細胞培養プレートに移し、2時間ほど37℃、5% CO2インキュベータで2時間培養した。その後、底に付いたモノサイトを、冷たいPBSで引き離した後、96ウェルプレートに、ウェル当たり1×105セルになるように、RPMI 1640培地(supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin;100mg/ml、human serum;20%)で富化させ、実験前日に培養させておいた。
PEP RIAシリーズのペプチドが、TNF−αに対していかなる影響を及ぼすかということを調べるために、ELISA実験を行った。PBMCに由来したモノサイトを、96ウェルプレートに、ウェル当たり1×105セルになるように、実験前日に培養した後、LPS(lipopolysaccharide;10ng/ml,Sigma)で2時間処理し、PBSで3回洗浄した。PBSで3回洗浄したモノサイトは、OPTI−MEM培地を加え、1時間飢餓状態(starvation)においた後、4μMペプチド処理を施して2時間培養した。細胞に何も処理していない群、細胞にエストロゲン(estrogenの一種として、estradiolを使用)(20nM)で処理した群、及び細胞にLPS(10ng/ml)と共にエストロゲン(20nM)で処理した群を比較群にした。また、実施例1において、TNF−α阻害活性を確認したPEP 1も、比較対照群として使用して、TNF−α阻害活性を測定した。培養が終了した後、細胞培養液を集め、ELISA(R&D,Minneapolis,MN,USA)キットマニュアルによって、TNF−αを定量した。具体的な定量方法は、実施例1の実験例2−2に記載されている通りである。
ヒト急性単核性白血病(human acute monocytic leukemia)細胞株であるTHP−1細胞(ATCC(American Type Culture Collection),Manassas,VA,USA)を使用して実験を進めた。
外部刺激によって、核内に存在するHMGB1タンパク質がアセチル化され、細胞質に移動していて、その後、細胞外部に分泌されることにより、炎症誘発サイトカインの役割を行うと知られている。このように、炎症がある場合、HMGB1タンパク質が細胞外部に分泌されるので、炎症性疾患であるチャーグ・ストラウス症侯群、リューマチ関節炎及びシェーグレン症候群の患者の血清は、正常人よりはるかに多量のHMGB1タンパク質を有する。従って、炎症が誘発されるいかなる刺激が与えられても、細胞核内のHMGB1タンパク質量が多ければ、それは、HMGB1タンパク質が細胞外部に分泌されていないということを意味するので、炎症が抑制されていると見られる。
まず、PEP 1を、実施例1に記載されたペプチドの製造方法によって準備した。
妊娠13日目のネズミ(rat)胚芽の頭から大脳皮質を分離した後、次のような培養条件で1週間、bFGF(Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor)で処理し、神経幹細胞を確保した。ベータアミロイドタンパク質が、前記培養された神経幹細胞に及ぼす影響を分析するために、あらかじめオリゴマー化させたベータアミロイドタンパク質を、0μMで、40μM濃度で神経幹細胞を48時間処理した後、CCK−8アッセイ、BrdU及びTUNELアッセイ利用して、細胞毒性評価を実施した。20μMのベータアミロイドタンパク質の処理後、60%ほどに細胞生存率が低下するということを確認し、前述のところと同一の濃度(0μM〜40μM)を、その後の実験に利用した(図47及び図48参照)。
PEP 1が、前記培養された神経幹細胞に及ぼす影響を分析するために、既存に周知の方法によって、あらかじめ0,1,10,50,100,200μMまで多様な濃度で処理した後、MTTアッセイ、BrdU及びTUNELアッセイを利用して、細胞生存率と細胞増殖程度との評価を実施した。PEP 1の0〜200μMの濃度では、細胞の生存及び増殖を阻害しないということが分かり、神経細胞系で安定しているということが確認された(図49及び図50参照)。
PEP 1がベータアミロイドタンパク質の神経毒性を抑制する効果があるか否かということを確認するために、20μMベータアミロイドタンパク質と、多様な濃度のPEP 1とで48時間処理後、細胞生存率及び死滅程度を、MTTアッセイ、CCK−8アッセイ、LDHアッセイ及びTUNELアッセイを利用して測定し、BrdUアッセイを利用して、神経幹細胞の増殖程度を測定した。
PEP 1処理された群と、処理されていない群とのタンパク質発現量を、2D−電気泳動技法(2−D gel electrophoresis)及び抗体マイクロアレイ(antibody microarray)技法で分析して定量した。前記実施例3の実験例1−1で培養された神経幹細胞から、プロテオームを抽出して200μgを準備し、PEP 1が処理されていない群を比較群として使用して、同一条件で比較分析した。
実験1.細胞培養
未分化のPC12細胞(ATCC,Rockville,MD,USA)は、10%熱非活性化ウマ血清(heat-inactivated horse serum)、5%熱非活性化ウシ胎児血清(heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum)、100units/ml penicillin、及び100g/ml streptomycinを含むRPMI 1640培養液に、すでにコーティングされた100mm dishes(Corning,PA,USA)であるpoly−l−lysine(Sigma,Saint Louis,MO,USA)を利用して、ogarithmic-phase growthに維持した。培養液は、37oC、5% CO2の条件で培養し、50% confluence条件で育ち、1mM EDTAを含むfree Hank’s balanced salt溶液であるCa2+/Mg2+から抽出し、細胞は、100mm dish当たり1x106になるように分周した後、一日培養した。神経分化のために、PC12細胞は、12時間血清飢餓処理(ウマ血清またはウシ胎児血清を除き、100units/ml penicillinと、100g/ml streptomycinと含むRPMI 1640培地)を行い、従って、PC12細胞を無血清培地条件で維持した。二日後、以前の培地は、新たな培地で交換され、3日目、NGF(50ng/ml、Sigma、Saint Louis,MO,USA)を培地に加えた後、追加して3日間無血清培地条件を維持した。細胞分化後、nPC細胞は、多様な濃度のpeptides及び20μMベータアミルロイドタンパク質と48時間培養した。
ウェスタンブロットを利用し、てHMGB1のレベルが分析した。5x106細胞は、冷たいPBSで2回洗浄し、溶解緩衝剤[50mM Tris(pH8.0)、150mM NaCl、0.02%アジ化ナトリウム(sodium azide)、0、2%SDS、10μg/mlフェニルメチルスルホニルフルオライド(PMSF)、50 μm/mlアプロチニン(aprotinin)、1% Igep 630、100mM NaF、0.5%デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、0.5mM EDTA、0.1mM EGTA]氷で10分間培養した。10分間2,000xgで損傷されていない細胞及び核は遠心分離し、10,000xgで溶解物(lysates)は除去した。Anti−HMGB1(1:1000;Cell Signaling,Beverly,MA,USA)抗体と、anti−β−tubulin(1:1000;Cell Signaling,Beverly,MA,USA)抗体とを使用した。細胞膜は、0.05% Tween−20(TBST)を含むTris−buffered salineで洗浄し、ECL(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)検出後、HRP結合されたanti−rabbit抗体(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech,Piscataway,NJ,USA)を利用して処理し、blotsは、イメージアナライザ(GE Healthcare、Image Quant LAS 4000)を利用して定量した。
配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号6、配列番号7、配列番号8、配列番号9、配列番号10、配列番号11、配列番号13、配列番号14、配列番号15、配列番号16、配列番号17、配列番号22、配列番号23、配列番号24、配列番号26、配列番号27、配列番号28、配列番号29、配列番号30、配列番号35、配列番号36、配列番号37、配列番号38、配列番号40、配列番号43、配列番号45、配列番号46、配列番号47、配列番号48、配列番号57、配列番号58、配列番号61、配列番号64、配列番号65、配列番号66、配列番号68、配列番号70、配列番号73、配列番号74、配列番号75、配列番号82、配列番号83、配列番号87、配列番号88、配列番号89、配列番号91、配列番号93、配列番号95、配列番号96、配列番号98、配列番号102、配列番号109、配列番号110、配列番号111、配列番号112、配列番号113、配列番号115、配列番号116、配列番号117、配列番号118配列番号119、配列番号、配列番号120、配列番号121、配列番号123、配列番号127、配列番号128、配列番号130、配列番号132、配列番号133、配列番号134、配列番号135、配列番号136、配列番号142、配列番号143、配列番号144、配列番号145、配列番号147、配列番号148、配列番号149、配列番号153、配列番号154、配列番号155、配列番号157、配列番号158、配列番号164、配列番号165、配列番号166、配列番号167、配列番号170、配列番号171、配列番号172、配列番号173、配列番号175、配列番号176、配列番号177、配列番号178及び配列番号179である。
Claims (9)
- 配列番号9、17、25、26、33、42、54、55、62、63及び64から選択される少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列から成る、抗炎症活性を有するペプチド。
- ヒトテロメラーゼに由来する、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のペプチドを活性成分として含む、抗炎症組成物。
- 皮膚炎症の改善または予防のための化粧料組成物である、請求項4に記載の抗炎症組成物。
- 炎症性疾患の治療または予防のための医薬組成物である、請求項4に記載の抗炎症組成物。
- 炎症の治療または予防のための食品組成物である、請求項4に記載の抗炎症組成物。
- 前記炎症性疾患は、(1)全身または局所の炎症疾患(例えば、アレルギー;免疫複合体疾患;枯草熱;異常高熱;肉芽腫症;または類肉腫症);(2)胃腸管系疾患(例えば、虫垂炎;胃潰瘍;十二指腸潰瘍;腹膜炎;膵腸炎;潰瘍性、急性または虚血性の大腸炎;胆管炎;胆嚢炎、脂肪便症、肝炎、クローン病;またはウィップル病);(3)皮膚関連疾患(例えば、乾癬;火傷;日焼け火傷;皮膚炎;蕁麻疹性のいぼまたは膨疹);(4)心血管系疾患(例えば、血管炎;脈管炎;心内膜炎;動脈炎;粥状動脈硬化症;血栓静脈炎;心膜炎;鬱血性心不全;心筋炎;心筋虚血症;結節性動脈周囲炎;再発性狭窄症;バーガー氏病;またはリューマチ熱);(5)呼吸器系疾患(例えば、喘息;喉頭蓋炎;気管支炎;肺気腫(emphysema);鼻炎;嚢胞性纎維症;癲癇性肺炎;慢性閉鎖性疾患(COPD);成人呼吸障害症侯群;塵肺症;肺胞炎;細気管支炎;咽頭炎;肋膜炎;または副鼻腔炎);(6)骨、関節、筋肉及び結合組織関連疾患(例えば、好酸性肉芽種;関節炎;関節痛;骨髄炎;皮膚筋炎;筋膜炎;パジェット病;通風;歯周疾患;リューマチ性関節炎;重症筋無力症;強直性脊椎炎;または潤滑膜炎);(7)泌尿生殖系疾患(例えば、副睾丸炎;膣炎;前立腺炎;または尿道炎);(8)中枢または末梢神経系関連疾患(例えば、アルツハイマー病;髄膜炎;脳炎;多発性硬化症;脳梗塞;脳塞栓症;キラン・バレー症侯群(Guillain-Barre syndrome);神経炎;神経痛;骨髄外傷;麻痺;またはぶどう膜炎);(9)ウイルス(例えば、インフルエンザ;呼吸器細胞融合ウイルス;HIV;B型肝炎ウイルス;C型肝炎ウイルスまたはヘルペスウイルス)、感染疾患(例えば、デング熱;または敗血症(septicemia))、真菌感染疾患(例えば、カンジダ症);またはバクテリア、寄生虫および類似の微生物感染疾患(例えば、散在性菌血症;マラリア;糸状虫症;またはアメーバ症);(10)自己免疫性疾患(例えば、甲状腺炎;ループス;グッドパスチャー症侯群;同種移植拒否反応;移植片対宿主病;または糖尿病);及び(11)癌または腫瘍性疾患(例えば、ホジキン病)からなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の抗炎症組成物。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のペプチド;および前記ペプチドの投与量、投与経路、投与回数及び適応症のうち少なくとも一つを含む指示書を含む、炎症性疾患を予防または治療するためのキット。
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