JP6465785B2 - 化合物半導体基板 - Google Patents
化合物半導体基板 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6465785B2 JP6465785B2 JP2015202862A JP2015202862A JP6465785B2 JP 6465785 B2 JP6465785 B2 JP 6465785B2 JP 2015202862 A JP2015202862 A JP 2015202862A JP 2015202862 A JP2015202862 A JP 2015202862A JP 6465785 B2 JP6465785 B2 JP 6465785B2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 158
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 139
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 109
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical group [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 265
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明に係る化合物半導体基板Zは、下地基板1の一主面上にシード層2を介して形成された化合物半導体層3を備え、前記下地基板1は焼結体からなり、前記シード層2は単結晶からなり、前記化合物半導体層3は前記シード層2上で結晶成長されたバッファー層4および活性層5が順次積層された構造を含み、前記焼結体の熱膨張係数は前記化合物半導体層3全体の平均熱膨張係数の0.7倍以上1.4倍以下であり、前記バッファー層4のX線回折ピークの半値幅が800arcsec以下である。
(下地基板1の準備)
直径6インチ、厚さ1000μmのAlN焼結体から成る基板を準備し、これを下地基板1とした。この下地基板の両面を算術平均粗さRa=50nm以下で鏡面加工した。
直径6インチ、厚さ675μm、面方位(111)、比抵抗0.002Ω・cmのSi単結晶基板を準備し、この片面を算術平均粗さRa=50nm以下に鏡面加工し、続いてこれを、半導体用熱処理炉を用いて、酸素100%雰囲気下1000℃で2時間の酸化処理を行ったものをシード層2の元とした。
上記のように作製した下地基板1とシード層2の元の各鏡面同士を、公知の方法で熱圧着して接合した後、シード層2の元の表面を厚さが0.5μmになるまで研削加工し、最後に算術平均粗さRa=50nm以下で鏡面加工してシード層2とし、下地基板1とシード層2の接合体を得た。
前記の接合体を公知の基板洗浄方法で清浄化した後、MOCVD装置内にセットして、昇温とガス置換後に、1000℃×15分、水素100%雰囲気で熱処理を行った。続いて、原料ガスとしてトリメチルアルミニウム(TMA)、アンモニア(NH3)を用い、厚さ100nmのAlN単結晶からなる第1初期層を、1000℃で気相成長させた。これ以降のガリウム系窒化物半導体層の形成は全て、成長温度の基準を1000℃とし、これに1〜15℃の範囲で微調整を加えた。前記初期層の上に、原料ガスとしてトリメチルガリウム(TMG)、TMA、NH3を用い、厚さ100nmのAlxGa1-xN単結晶層(x=0.1)からなる第2初期層を成長させた。
次に、上記第2初期層上に、炭素濃度1×1016atoms/cm3、厚さ4800nmのGaN単結晶層、および炭素濃度5×1019atoms/cm3、厚さ3600nmのGaN単結晶層を順次積層し、これをバッファー層4とした。
引き続き、電子走行層5aとして、炭素濃度1×1016atoms/cm3、厚さ700nmのGaN単結晶層を同様にして積層し、さらに、電子供給層5bとして、厚さ20nmのAlyGa1-yN単結晶層(y=0.25)を同様にして積層した。なお、気相成長により形成した各層の厚さや炭素濃度の制御は、原料ガスの流量と供給時間及び基板温度、その他公知の成長条件の調整により行った。このようにして作製したものを試料1とする。
なお、電子走行層5a、電子供給層5bを形成せず、バッファー層4まで成膜したサンプルを別途準備して、これを試料1Xとする。
実施例1におけるバッファー層4の作製工程を、炭素濃度5×1019atoms/cm3で厚さ5nmのAlN単結晶層及び炭素濃度5×1019atoms/cm3で厚さ30nmのGaN単結晶層を交互に各8層気相成長させて、続いて、炭素濃度5×1019atoms/cm3にて、厚さ8120nmのGaN単結晶層を同様にして積層し、多層構造のバッファー層4を形成する、という工程に置き換え、電子走行層5a以降の成膜構造は、全て実施例1と同等とした。このようにして作製したものを試料2とする。
なお、バッファー層4まで成膜したサンプルを別途準備して試料2Xとする。
下地基板1とシード層2の代わりに、シード層2の作製に用いたSi単結晶基板をそのまま用いて、バッファー層4以降の作製工程は実施例2と同様とした。このようにして作製したものを試料3とする。なお、バッファー層4まで成膜したサンプルを別途準備して試料3Xとする。
下地基板1とシード層2の代わりに、シード層2の作製に用いたSi単結晶基板をそのまま用いた。バッファー層の作製工程は、炭素濃度5×1019atoms/cm3で厚さ5nmのAlN単結晶層及び炭素濃度5×1019atoms/cm3で厚さ30nmのGaN単結晶層を交互に各8層気相成長させて、続いて、工程Aとして225nmのGaN単結晶層を成長させてから、再度厚さ5nmのAlN単結晶層及び厚さ30nmのGaN単結晶層(いずれも炭素濃度は5×1019atoms/cm3)を交互に各8層気相成長させる。この工程Aをさらに3回繰り返す。その後、炭素濃度5×1019atoms/cm3にて、厚さ1300nmのGaN単結晶層を同様にして積層し、多層構造のバッファー層4を形成するものとした。電子走行層5a以降は、全て実施例1と同等とした。このようにして作製したものを試料4とする。
なお、バッファー層4まで成膜したサンプルを別途準備して試料4Xとする。
実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜2で作製した試料1〜4について、化合物半導体基板Z全体の反り、バッファー層4の結晶性、及び電子走行層5aのシート抵抗値を評価した。反りは、市販のレーザ変位計により、主面中心における基板表面が基板厚さ方向に変位した距離の最大値と最小値の差により求めた。結晶性は、試料1X〜4Xを用いて、それぞれX線回折により得られた(002)および(100)面ピークのロッキングカーブの半値幅で評価した。シート抵抗は、Hall効果測定装置で試料1〜4表面の中央1点を測定した。
1 下地基板
2 シード層
3 化合物半導体層
4 バッファー層
5 活性層
5a 電子走行層
5b 電子供給層
10 接合層
11 スペーサー層
Claims (5)
- 下地基板の一主面上にシード層を介して形成された化合物半導体層を備え、
前記下地基板は焼結体からなり、
前記シード層はSi単結晶からなり、
前記化合物半導体層は前記シード層上で結晶成長されたバッファー層および活性層が順次積層された構造を含み、
前記焼結体の熱膨張係数は前記化合物半導体層全体の平均熱膨張係数の0.7倍以上1.4倍以下であり、
前記バッファー層のX線回折ピークの半値幅が800arcsec以下であることを特徴とする化合物半導体基板。 - 前記化合物半導体層の層厚が7μm以上15μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の化合物半導体基板。
- 前記活性層が電子走行層上に電子供給層が形成されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の化合物半導体基板。
- 前記電子走行層と前記電子供給層との間にスペーサー層をさらに備えることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の化合物半導体基板。
- 前記下地基板が窒化アルミニウム焼結体(AlN)であり、
前記シード層がチョクラルスキー(CZ)法もしくはフローティングゾーン(FZ)法で製造されたシリコン(Si)であり、
前記化合物半導体が気相成長法で製造されたガリウム系窒化物であり、
前記バッファー層のGaN(002)およびGaN(100)X線回折ピークの半値幅がともに500arcsec以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物半導体基板。
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