JP6457082B2 - 電子装置、及び電子装置を製造する方法 - Google Patents

電子装置、及び電子装置を製造する方法 Download PDF

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JP6457082B2
JP6457082B2 JP2017522052A JP2017522052A JP6457082B2 JP 6457082 B2 JP6457082 B2 JP 6457082B2 JP 2017522052 A JP2017522052 A JP 2017522052A JP 2017522052 A JP2017522052 A JP 2017522052A JP 6457082 B2 JP6457082 B2 JP 6457082B2
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layer
component
sintered
contact layer
metal
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JP2017535078A (ja
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アンドレアス プレスル
プレスル アンドレアス
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Ams Osram International GmbH
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Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH
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Description

本願は、独国特許出願第102014115319.7号明細書の優先権を主張するものであり、その開示内容は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれるものとする。
電子装置、及び電子装置を製造する方法が提示される。電子装置は、とりわけ焼結層を有する。
通常、焼結層によって互いに結合される各構成要素は、金からなる薄いカバー層の形態のコンタクト面を有する。このようなカバー層によって、例えばその下に位置する易酸化性の層をカバーすることで、この易酸化性の層を保護することができる。例えば銀からなる焼結層は、一方では、酸素の溶解性及び拡散性が高く、他方では、時間が経過するにつれて金が銀中に溶解する可能性があるので、金カバー層の下にある基体が時間と共に酸化するという危険が存在する。こうして形成された酸化層の上では、経験上、焼結層はその接着力を容易に喪失し、これによって焼結結合の長期安定性が脅かされる。
このような問題を回避するために、従前では多くの場合、少なくとも100nmの厚さを有する非常に厚く、ひいては非常に高価にもなっている金層が使用される。あるいは、数ナノメートルの範囲の厚さを有する非常に薄い金層でカバーされた、より安価な貴金属の一種であるパラジウムが代用される。さらには、カバーのために厚い銀層を使用することも公知である。しかしながら、例えば無圧焼結の場合に通常発生する多孔性の銀焼結層を使用する場合には、厚い銀層自体の下に貴金属からなる接着層を配置して、卑金属の接着層の上に形成される金属酸化物層における銀の脱濡れを長期間にわたって阻止しなければならない。
特定の実施形態の少なくとも1つの課題は、2つの構成要素が焼結層によって結合されている装置を提供することである。特定の実施形態のさらに別の課題は、このような装置を提供することである。
上記の課題は、各独立請求項に記載された対象及び方法によって解決される。本対象及び本方法の有利な実施形態及び発展形態は、従属請求項に記載されており、さらには以下の説明及び図面から明らかとなる。
少なくとも1つの実施形態によれば、電子装置は、第1の構成要素と第2の構成要素とを有し、第1の構成要素と第2の構成要素とは、焼結層によって互いに結合されている。焼結層は、第1の金属を有するか、又は第1の金属から形成されている。
少なくとも1つのさらに別の実施形態によれば、少なくとも1つの第1の構成要素と少なくとも1つの第2の構成要素とを有する電子装置を製造する方法は、第1の構成要素と第2の構成要素との間に焼結材料を配置する方法ステップを有する。焼結材料は、例えば第1の構成要素の上に被着させることができる。次いで、第1の構成要素の上に被着された焼結材料の上に、第2の構成要素を被着させることができる。これに代えて、焼結材料を第2の構成要素の上に被着させてもよい。次いで、第2の構成要素の上に被着された焼結材料の上に、第1の構成要素を被着させることができる。さらには、第1の構成要素又は第2の構成要素を焼結材料の上に被着させ、次いで、焼結材料と一緒に他方の構成要素の上に配置することも可能である。さらには、焼結材料を両方の構成要素の上に被着させ、次いで、これら両方の構成要素を上下に重ねて配置することも可能である。その後、焼結材料が焼結されて、第1の構成要素と第2の構成要素との間の焼結層が形成される。焼結は、焼結時間中における熱及び/又は圧力及び/又は超音波の作用下で実施することができる。とりわけ例えば、温度作用に加えて単軸圧縮を使用することによって、焼結結合の形成を支援することができる。
上記及び以下に記載される特徴及び実施形態は、電子装置にも、電子装置を製造する方法にも同様に適用される。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、構成要素の少なくとも一方、すなわち少なくとも第1の構成要素及び/又は少なくとも第2の構成要素は、少なくとも1つのコンタクト層を有し、このコンタクト層は、焼結層と直接的にコンタクトされた状態で配置されている。コンタクト層は、焼結層の第1の金属とは異なる第2の金属を有する。
コンタクト層の第2の金属は、焼結層の第1の金属と直接的にコンタクトされた状態で配置されている。コンタクト層は、とりわけ金を含まない。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、コンタクト層は、第2の金属として貴金属を有するか、又は貴金属から形成されている。これによってコンタクト層は、焼結層が直接的に被着されている貴金属表面を形成する。コンタクト層の第2の金属は、例えば銀焼結層の銀中に溶解する金の代わりに、第1の金属、すなわち銀に対して溶解度ギャップを有する金属を有するか、又は、少なくとも焼結層自体の第1の金属との金属間化合物の形成によって不動態化される金属を有する。これによってコンタクト層を、電子装置の寿命期間中、例えば下に位置する卑金属の層、ひいては被酸化性の層の保護として保持することが可能となる。従って、コンタクト層は、金属の焼結結合を使用する場合に適したコンタクト材料、すなわち貴金属使用量ができるだけ少なく、とりわけ酸素含有環境における長期安定的な結合を補償することが可能なコンタクト材料を有することができる。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、コンタクト層は、プラチナ及び/又はロジウム及び/又はイリジウムを有するか、又はこれらから形成されている。このことはつまり、コンタクト層が、プラチナ、ロジウム、及びイリジウムから選択された少なくとも1つ又は複数の材料を有することができるか、又はこれらから形成することができるということを意味する。プラチナ及び/又はロジウム及び/又はイリジウムを有するか、又はこれらから形成されている層は、例えば銀層中への溶解に対して金よりも安定的であることが判明している。なぜなら、プラチナ、ロジウム、及びイリジウムは、金に比べて融点が高いので(Ir:2466℃,Rh:1966℃,Pt:1772℃,Au:1064℃)、銀中への拡散傾向が格段に小さいからである。上述した材料は、例えば蒸着又はスパッタリングのような堆積方法によって被着させることができる。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、焼結層は、銀及び/又は銅を有する。つまり焼結層は、第1の金属として例えば銀及び/又は銅を有することができるか、又はこれらから形成することができ、これにより、銀焼結層又は銅焼結層のために、コンタクト層のコンタクト材料としてプラチナ及び/又はロジウム及び/又はイリジウムを使用することができる。焼結層の第1の金属である銀に関連して既に上で説明されているように、プラチナ及び/又はロジウム及び/又はイリジウムを有するか、又はこれらから形成されているコンタクト層は、焼結層の第1の金属として銅を使用した場合にも有利であろう。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、焼結層は、酸素に対して透過性である。このことはとりわけ、焼結層が、例えば第1の金属のような酸素に対して透過性である材料を有するか、又はこのような材料から形成されていることによって実現することができる。さらには、酸素に対する透過性は、焼結層の構造によっても付与することができるか、又は一緒に影響を及ぼすことができる。とりわけ焼結層は、多孔性の材料、とりわけ第1の金属から形成することができるか、又は少なくともこのような材料を有することができる。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、コンタクト層は、5nm以上、又は15nm以上、又は30nm以上の層厚さを有する。コンタクト層はさらに、500nm以下、又は100nm以下、又は60nm以下の層厚さを有することができる。とりわけコンタクト層の層厚さは、5nm〜500nmの間、好ましくは15nmから100nmの間、特に好ましくは30nm〜60nmの間にあり、ただし、この場合にはそれぞれ境界値も含まれている。40nmの層厚さを有するコンタクト層が、特に有利であることも判明している。
本明細書に記載される電子装置では、焼結材料、すなわち第1の金属を含むか、又は第1の金属からなる材料は、ペーストの形態で、又は予め押し固められた乾燥体の形態で、第1の構成要素及び/又は第2の構成要素のコンタクト層と直接的に結合される。これによって、例えば銀又は金からなる中間層を省略することが可能となる。従って、とりわけ孔を含有する接合層を形成することができる焼結層は、コンタクト層と直接的にコンタクトされている。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、コンタクト層は、被酸化性材料からなる層の上に被着されている。このことはとりわけ、第2の金属を有するコンタクト層を有する構成要素が、被酸化性材料からなる層をさらに有し、この被酸化性材料からなる層が、コンタクト層によってカバーされるということを意味しうる。とりわけ被酸化性材料は、酸素に接触すると容易に酸化する金属とすることができる。コンタクト層は、被酸化性材料からなる層をカバーして、この被酸化性材料からなる層がコンタクト層によって環境ガス、この場合にはとりわけ酸素から保護されるようにする。被酸化性材料は、例えばチタン、ニッケル、クロム、及び/又はアルミニウムを有することができるか、又はこれらから形成することができる。コンタクト層と、その下に位置するこのようなさらに別の層、又は複数のさらに別の層とが、電気的なコンタクトのための1つのコンタクト装置を形成することができる。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、構成要素のそれぞれが、すなわち第1の構成要素と第2の構成要素とが、それぞれ1つのコンタクト層を有し、このコンタクト層は、焼結層と直接的にコンタクトされた状態で配置されており、焼結層の第1の金属とは異なる金属を有し、かつ金を含まない。例えば第1の構成要素と第2の構成要素とは、同一の第2の金属を有するコンタクト層を有することができる。これに代えて、第1の構成要素が、第2の金属を有するコンタクト層を有するように、かつ第2の構成要素が、第3の金属を有するコンタクト層を有するようにすることも可能であり、ただし、第2の金属と第3の金属とは互いに異なっている。第1の構成要素及び第2の構成要素の各コンタクト層は、それぞれ上述した実施形態の少なくとも1つに基づいて構成することができ、従って、第2の金属と、場合によっては第3の金属とは、それぞれプラチナ及び/又はロジウム及び/又はイリジウムを有することができるか、又はこれらから形成することができる。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、第1の構成要素は、支持体要素を有するか、又は支持体要素として構成されており、この支持体要素の上に、焼結層によって第2の要素が取り付けられている。支持体要素は、例えばリードフレーム、プラスチック支持体、プラスチックハウジング、セラミック支持体、プリント基板、又はこれらの組み合わせから選択することができる。例えば第1の構成要素は、例えばAlNからなるセラミック支持体とすることができるか、又はメタルコア基板とすることができる。第1の構成要素をさらに、リードフレームとすることもでき、このリードフレームは、第2の構成要素を取り付ける前又は取り付けた後に、射出成形によってプラスチックで包囲される。第1の支持体要素は、第2の金属を有する上述したコンタクト層の形態の少なくとも1つのコンタクト面を有することができ、このコンタクト面の上に、焼結層によって第2の構成要素が取り付けられる。
さらに別の実施形態によれば、第2の構成要素は、電子的な半導体チップである。電子的な半導体チップは、例えば発光ダイオードチップ、レーザダイオードチップ、又はフォトダイオードチップの形態のオプトエレクトロニクス半導体チップとして構成することができる。さらには、第2の構成要素を、太陽電池とすることもできる。電子的な半導体チップをさらに、例えばトランジスタのようなパワー半導体素子としてもよい。この場合には、例えば第2の構成要素を、例えばHEMT(「high-electron-mobility transistor」)のような電界効果トランジスタとして構成することができる。
さらに別の利点、有利な実施形態、及び発展形態は、図面に関連して以下に説明される実施例から明らかとなる。
1つの実施例に基づく装置の概略図である。 さらに別の実施例に基づく装置の概略図である。 さらに別の実施例に基づく装置の概略図である。 さらに別の実施例に基づく装置の概略図である。 数種類の金属の、温度に依存する拡散係数を示す図である。
各実施例及び各図面では、同じ又は同じ種類又は同じ機能を有する要素にそれぞれ同一の参照符号が付されうる。図示された要素、及び要素同士の寸法比率は、縮尺通りであると見なすべきではなく、むしろ例えば層、構成要素、コンポーネント、及び領域のような個々の要素は、より良好に説明するため及び/又はより良好に理解するために過度に大きく図示されている場合がある。
図1には、第1の構成要素1及び第2の構成要素2を有する電子装置100に関する1つの実施例が示されている。第1の構成要素1と第2の構成要素2との間には、第1の金属を有する焼結層3が配置されており、この焼結層3は、第1の構成要素1と第2の構成要素2とを互いに結合している。第1の構成要素1は、例えば支持体要素とすることができ、第2の構成要素2は、例えば発光ダイオードチップ、レーザダイオードチップ、又はフォトダイオードチップのようなオプトエレクトロニクス半導体チップの形態の、若しくは、例えばトランジスタのようなパワー半導体素子の形態の、電子的な半導体チップとすることができる。焼結層3は、特に好ましくは銀及び/又は銅を有することができるか、又はこれらから形成することができる。
電子装置100を製造するために、第1の構成要素1が用意される。第1の構成要素1の上に焼結材料が被着され、この焼結材料は、例えば溶媒含有ペーストの形態でスキージを用いて又は印刷によって被着される。焼結材料は、第1の金属の粒子、例えば粉末粒子及び/又はフレークを有することができる。例えば焼結層3を銀から製造する場合には、焼結材料として銀粒子を有するペーストを被着させることができる。これに代えて、第1の構成要素1と第2の構成要素2との間に、焼結材料を有する予め押し固められた乾燥体を配置することも可能である。焼結材料は、焼結材料の加工性及び/又は焼結工程に影響を与えることが可能なさらに別の材料及び添加剤を含むことができる。
焼結材料の焼結によって、焼結材料の個々の粒子間の結合は、固相の粒子をただ焼き固めることによって焼結材料が溶融することなく結び付けられる。焼結は、所要の焼結時間中における熱及び/又は圧力及び/又は超音波の作用下で実施することができる。加工性を改善するために焼結材料中に存在する有機結合剤、溶媒、又は他の添加剤は、焼結プロセスによって分解されるか、又は焼結材料から除去され、これにより、焼結によって製造された結合層には有機基質が残留しなくなる。完成された焼結層においては、焼結材料の粒子は、多孔性の接合体に焼結された状態とすることができる。個々の粒子間の結合は、非常に強固であり、電子装置に対する通常の使用温度の場合、上述した焼結材料の融点からはるかに離れた200℃未満で動作される。
第1の構成要素1は、支持体5の上に配置されたコンタクト層4を有する。支持体5は、例えばセラミック体とすることができる。さらには、支持体5及びコンタクト層4を、プリント基板の一部とすることができ、このプリント基板の一部の上に焼結層3によって第2の構成要素2が取り付けられている。
コンタクト層4は、焼結層3と直接的にコンタクトされた状態で配置されている。コンタクト層4は、焼結層3の第1の金属とは異なる、金を含まない第2の金属を有する。とりわけコンタクト層4の第2の金属は、焼結層3の第1の金属と直接的にコンタクトしている。焼結層3は、酸素に対して透過性とすることができ、その一方でコンタクト層4は、その下に位置する、例えば環境からの酸素によって容易に酸化しうる層及び領域に対する保護を形成することができる。このためにコンタクト層4は、焼結層3の第1の金属に対して溶解度ギャップを有する金属か、又は、少なくとも焼結層3の第1の金属自体との金属間化合物の形成によって不動態化される金属を有する。とりわけコンタクト層4は、図示された実施例では、プラチナ及び/又はロジウム及び/又はイリジウムを有するか、又はこれらから形成されている。
この関連において図5には、Ag中のPt(曲線51)、Pt中のAg(曲線52)、Ag中のAu(曲線53)、Au中のAg(曲線54)、Ag中のPd(曲線55)の、温度Tに依存する拡散係数Dが示されている。なお、これらのデータは、刊行物“Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaft und Technik”,Landolt-Boernstein,Berlin,Springer社,第26巻,1990年からのものである。図5の曲線からは、銀中のプラチナの拡散傾向と、プラチナ中の銀の拡散傾向とが、銀中の金の拡散傾向と、金中の銀の拡散傾向と、銀中のパラジウムの拡散傾向とに比べて格段に小さいことが容易に見て取れる。ロジウム及びイリジウムに関しては、同様の挙動を前提にすることができる。従って、コンタクト層4の第2の金属中の焼結層3の第1の金属の拡散定数は、例えば発光ダイオードチップのような半導体チップに対する通常の動作温度の場合、好ましくは1・10−24−1以下、又は1・10−25−1以下、又は1・10−26−1以下、又は1・10−28−1以下とすることができる。さらには、プラチナ、ロジウム、及びイリジウムは、銀中に溶解しないか、又は少なくとも実質的に溶解しないので、これらの材料と銀との混合は、金と比較して格段に低減されている。F. K. Moghadam et al.著の刊行物“Oxygen Diffusion and Solubility Studies in Ag and Pt Using AC Impedance Spectroscopy”,J. Electrochem. Soc,第1329頁〜第1332頁(1986年)に記載されているように、例えばプラチナは、酸素に対して非透過性であり、その一方で銀は、酸素に対して透過性であるので、コンタクト層4は、酸素含有環境における長期安定的な結合を保証することができる。
プラチナ、ロジウム、及びイリジウムの上述した特性に基づいて、コンタクト層4を非常に薄く維持することが可能となり、かつ、例えばパラジウム又は金からなる追加的な貴金属層の使用を省略することが可能となる。とりわけコンタクト層4は、5nm以上500nm以下、好ましくは15nm以上100nm以下、特に好ましくは30nm以上60nm以下の厚さを有することができる。コンタクト層4は、例えば図示された実施例では40nmの厚さを有することができ、実験では、この40nmの厚さの場合に非常に良好な結果が達成された。
コンタクト層4が、焼結層を被着させるために適していると同時に、例えばSAC(錫−銀−銅)のような通常の鉛フリーはんだを用いてはんだ付けするためにも適していることが求められる場合には、例えばプラチナを使用することにより、金コンタクト層を使用した場合に発生しうる問題を回避することが可能である。つまり、厚い金コンタクト層をSACと一緒に使用すると、はんだ接合の信頼性を脅かすAuSn相が形成されるおそれがあるが、その一方で、非常に薄い金コンタクト層は、構成要素の利用の過程で接着力を損失する危険性を増加させるおそれがある。
図2に関連して電子装置100のさらに別の実施例が示されており、ここでは、支持体5の上の第1の構成要素1が、被酸化性材料からなる層6を有し、この被酸化性材料からなる層6自体の上にコンタクト層4が配置されている。コンタクト層4は、とりわけ被酸化性材料からなる層6の上に直接的に被着されており、この被酸化性材料からなる層6をカバーしている。例えば、コンタクト層4及び被酸化性材料からなる層6を、コンタクト装置の一部とすることができる。被酸化性材料からなる層6は、例えばチタン、ニッケル、クロム、及び/又はアルミニウムを有することができるか、又はこれらから形成することができる。コンタクト層4が被酸化性材料からなる層6をカバーしていることによって、金コンタクト層と銀焼結層とに関連して上述の発明の概要の部分で説明した問題を回避することが可能となる。
図1及び2に示された実施例に代えて、コンタクト層4を、又は、コンタクト層4及びその下に位置する少なくとも1つの被酸化性材料からなる層6を、第2の構成要素2だけが有するように、又は両方の構成要素1,2が有するようにすることも可能である。
図3及び4は、電子装置のさらに別の実施例を単なる例示として示す。図3及び4において具体的に説明される第1の構成要素1及び第2の構成要素2は、単なる例示であり、限定するものとして理解すべきではない。
図3には、電子装置100の実施例が示されており、この電子装置100は、第1の構成要素1としてAlNセラミック支持体5を有し、このAlNセラミック支持体5は、100nm厚のチタンからなる層6と、20nm厚のコンタクト層4とによってコーティングされている。第1の構成要素1の上には、焼結層3によって窒化ガリウムHEMTの形態の第2の構成要素2が取り付けられており、この第2の構成要素2は、ニッケルからなる層6’と、アルミニウムからなる層6’’との上にコンタクト層4’も有する。第1の構成要素1及び/又は第2の構成要素2は、見易くするために図示されていないさらに別のコンタクト層を有することができる。
焼結層3は、第1の金属を有し、その一方でコンタクト層4,4’は、それぞれ第1の金属とは異なる、金を含まない第2の金属を有する。コンタクト層4,4’は、それぞれ焼結層3と直接的にコンタクトされた状態で配置されており、それぞれ同一の金属、とりわけ図示された実施例ではプラチナを有するか、又はそれぞれ同一の金属から形成されている。これに代えて、コンタクト層4が、第2の金属を有するように、かつ、コンタクト層4’が、第2の金属とも焼結層3の第1の金属とも異なる第3の金属を有するようにしてもよい。両方の接合パートナー、すなわち第1の構成要素1と第2の構成要素2とは、図示された実施例では銀焼結ペーストを介して結合され、焼結プロセス中には、温度作用の他に任意選択的に単軸圧縮によって結合の形成を支援することができる。
図4には、電子装置100のさらに別の実施例が示されており、ここでは、メタルコア基板として形成された第1の構成要素1の上に、銀焼結層3を介して、オプトエレクトロニクス半導体チップとして形成された第2の構成要素2が取り付けられている。とりわけ半導体チップは、図示された実施例では発光ダイオードチップとして形成されている。
メタルコア基板として形成された第1の構成要素1は、支持体5の上に銀めっきされた電極層8を有し、その一方で、第2の構成要素2を形成している半導体チップは、200nm厚のニッケル層6と、15nm厚のプラチナからなるコンタクト層4とを備える複数の電極を有し、これらの電極は、焼結層3に直接的にコンタクトしている。
第2の構成要素2を形成している半導体チップは、それぞれ放射する波長に応じて異なる半導体材料系をベースにした半導体本体7を有することができる。長波長の赤外発光から赤色発光の場合には、例えばInGaAl1−x−yAsをベースにした半導体積層体が適しており、赤色発光から緑色発光の場合には、例えばInGaAl1−x−yPをベースにした半導体積層体が適しており、短波長の可視光の場合、すなわちとりわけ緑色光から青色光の領域の場合、及び/又はUV発光の場合には、例えばInGaAl1−x−yNをベースにした半導体積層体が適しており、ただし、それぞれ0≦x≦1かつ0≦y≦1である。
とりわけ半導体チップの半導体本体7は、半導体積層体、特に好ましくはエピタキシャルに成長された半導体積層体を有することができるか、又はこれらから形成することができる。これに加えて、半導体積層体を、エピタキシ法、例えば有機金属気相成長法(MOVPE)又は分子線エピタキシ法(MBE)によって成長基板の上に成長させて、電気的なコンタクトを取り付けることができる。成長された半導体積層体を有する成長基板を個別化することによって、複数のオプトエレクトロニクス半導体チップを用意することができる。
さらには、半導体積層体を個別化の前に支持体基板の上に移して、成長基板を薄化すること又は完全に除去することができる。成長基板の代わりに基板として支持体基板を有するこのような半導体チップは、いわゆる薄膜半導体チップとも呼ぶことができる。薄膜発光ダイオードチップの基本原理は、例えばI. Schnitzer et al.著の刊行物,Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 (16),1993年10月18日,第2174-2176頁に記載されている。
半導体チップの電気的なコンタクトは、図示された実施例のように半導体積層体と同じ側に配置することも、又は異なる側に配置することも可能である。図示された実施例では、半導体チップは、焼結可能なコンタクト層4と同じ側にコンタクト面を有しており、かつ、サファイヤ基板を有するいわゆるフリップチップとして形成されている。このフリップチップは、コンタクト層4に取り付け可能であり、かつ電気的に接続可能である。これに代えて、半導体チップは、基板の、半導体積層体とは反対に位置する側に、焼結可能なコンタクト層の形態の電気的なコンタクトを有することもでき、その一方で、半導体積層体の、基板とは反対に位置する側には、例えばボンディングワイヤを用いてコンタクトさせるためのいわゆるボンディングパッドの形態のさらに別のコンタクト面を形成することができる。
焼結層を介して電気的な接続が形成される図示された実施例に代えて、焼結層を、純粋な熱的接続のために利用することも可能である。このためには半導体チップを、半導体積層体の、基板とは反対に位置する側に電気的なコンタクトを有している図4の実施例と同様に形成することができ、その一方で基板の、半導体積層体とは反対に位置する側には、熱的なコンタクト層の形態のコンタクト層を形成することができる。コンタクト層は、先行する実施例に関連して説明したように構成することができる。コンタクト層が被着形成された基板は、電気絶縁性とすることができる。半導体チップを、熱的なコンタクト層を介して焼結層によって例えばヒートシンクに接続させることができ、これによって電気的なコンタクトを、ワイヤ接続による電気的接続のための表面コンタクトとして利用することが可能である。例えば適当な半導体チップは、例えばサファイヤ基板のような電気絶縁性基板を有するAlGaInNベースの半導体チップとすることができる。半導体チップを、熱的なコンタクト層を介して焼結層によって例えば銅からなる又は銅を有するヒートシンクに接続させることができる。
図面に関連して説明した実施例は、これに代えて又はこれに加えて、上述の発明の概要の部分で説明したさらに別の特徴を有することができる。図面に関連して説明した実施例はさらに、さらに別の実施例に基づいて互いに組み合わせることができる。
本発明は、実施例に基づく説明によってこれらの実施例に限定されているわけではない。本発明はむしろ、たとえそのような特徴又は特徴の組み合わせそのものが特許請求の範囲又は実施例に明示的に記載されていない場合であっても、あらゆる新しい特徴及びあらゆる特徴の組み合わせを含み、このことは、とりわけ特許請求の範囲に記載の特徴のあらゆる組み合わせを含む。

Claims (16)

  1. 電子装置において、
    前記電子装置は、第1の構成要素(1)と第2の構成要素(2)とを有し、前記第1の構成要素(1)と前記第2の構成要素(2)とは、第1の金属を有する焼結層(3)によって互いに結合されており、前記構成要素(1,2)の少なくとも一方は、少なくとも1つのコンタクト層(4,4’)を有し、
    前記コンタクト層(4,4’)は、前記焼結層(3)と直接的にコンタクトされた状態で配置されており、前記第1の金属とは異なる第2の金属を有し、かつ金を含まず、
    前記コンタクト層(4,4’)は、被酸化性材料からなる層(6,6’,6’’)の上に直接的に被着されており
    前記構成要素(1,2)のそれぞれが、少なくとも1つのコンタクト層(4,4’)を有し、それぞれの前記コンタクト層(4,4’)は、前記焼結層(3)と直接的にコンタクトされた状態で配置されており、前記第1の金属とは異なる金属を有し、かつ金を含まない、
    ことを特徴とする電子装置。
  2. 前記焼結層(3)は、酸素に対して透過性である、
    請求項1記載の装置。
  3. 前記焼結層(3)は、銀を有する、
    請求項1又は2記載の装置、
  4. 前記焼結層(3)は、銅を有する、
    請求項1から3のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  5. 前記コンタクト層(4,4’)は、貴金属を有する、
    請求項1から4のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  6. 前記コンタクト層(4,4’)は、ロジウム及び/又はイリジウムを有する、
    請求項1から5のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  7. 前記コンタクト層(4,4’)は、プラチナを有する、
    請求項1から6のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  8. 前記コンタクト層(4,4’)は、5nm以上500nm以下の層厚さを有する、
    請求項1から7のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  9. 前記被酸化性材料は、チタン、ニッケル、クロム、及び/又はアルミニウムを有する、
    請求項1から8のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  10. 前記第1の構成要素(1)は、チタンからなる層(6)と、コンタクト層(4)とによってコーティングされており、
    前記第2の構成要素(2)は、ニッケルからなる層(6’)と、アルミニウムからなる層(6’’)との上に、コンタクト層(4’)を有する、
    請求項1から9のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  11. 前記チタンからなる層(6)は、100nmの厚さを有し、前記第1の構成要素(1)の前記コンタクト層(4)は、20nmの厚さを有する、
    請求項10記載の装置。
  12. 前記第1の構成要素(1)は、支持体(5)の上に銀めっきされた電極層(8)を有し、
    前記第2の構成要素(2)は、それぞれ1つのニッケルからなる層(6)と、それぞれ1つのプラチナからなるコンタクト層(4)とを有する複数の電極を有する半導体チップである、
    請求項1から9のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  13. 前記ニッケルからなる層(6)は、200nmの厚さを有し、前記コンタクト層(4)は、15nmの厚さを有する、
    請求項12記載の装置。
  14. 前記第1の構成要素(1)は、第1の支持体要素を有し、前記第1の支持体要素は、リードフレーム、プラスチック支持体、プラスチックハウジング、セラミック支持体、プリント基板、メタルコア基板、又はこれらの組み合わせから選択されている、
    請求項1から13のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  15. 前記第2の構成要素(2)は、電子的な半導体チップである、
    請求項1から14のいずれか1項記載の装置。
  16. 請求項1から15のいずれか1項記載の電子装置を製造する方法において、
    ・前記第1の構成要素(1)と前記第2の構成要素(2)との間に焼結材料を配置し、
    ・前記焼結材料を焼結して、前記第1の構成要素(1)と前記第2の構成要素(2)との間の焼結層(3)を形成する、
    ことを特徴とする方法。
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