JP6420797B2 - 活動意欲向上剤 - Google Patents
活動意欲向上剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6420797B2 JP6420797B2 JP2016155064A JP2016155064A JP6420797B2 JP 6420797 B2 JP6420797 B2 JP 6420797B2 JP 2016155064 A JP2016155064 A JP 2016155064A JP 2016155064 A JP2016155064 A JP 2016155064A JP 6420797 B2 JP6420797 B2 JP 6420797B2
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- vitamin
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Description
すなわち、本発明は、以下の態様を含む。
[1]フルスルチアミンまたはフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を含む、活動意欲向上剤。
[2]活動意欲が、生活活動意欲または運動意欲である、上記[1]記載の活動意欲向上剤。
[3]フレイル予防・改善、気分の高揚、肥満・メタボリックシンドローム予防・改善、体温上昇または摂食・飲水抑制に用いられる、上記[1]記載の活動意欲向上剤。
[4]中枢モノアミン神経系刺激・調節によるものである、上記[1]〜[3]のいずれか記載の活動意欲向上剤。
[5]中枢モノアミンが中枢ドーパミンである、上記[4]記載の活動意欲向上剤。
[6]さらに、カフェイン類、ビタミンA類、ビタミンB2類、ビタミンB6類、ビタミンB12類、ビタミンC類、ビタミンD類、ビタミンE類、カルニチン類、ニコチン酸類、グルコサミン類、コンドロイチン類、カルシウム類、マグネシウム類、パントテン酸類、γ−オリザノール類、オロチン酸類、ビオチン類、葉酸類、鉄類、グルクロン酸類、イノシトール類、コリン類、ウルソデスオキシコール酸類、タウリン類、アミノ酸類および生薬類からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の活性成分を含有する、上記[1]〜[5]のいずれか記載の活動意欲向上剤。
本発明における「生活活動」とは、上記「活動」のうち、日常生活における労働、家事、通勤・通学などを指す。
本発明における「運動」とは、上記「活動」のうち、生活活動以外の、スポーツなど、特に体力の維持・向上を目的として計画的・意図的に実施し、継続性のある活動を指す。
ここで、本発明における「活動意欲向上」は、精神疾患により活動意欲が低下した患者の意欲を罹患前の状態まで戻す「意欲の回復」を指すものではなく、通常の意欲を有する者の意欲をさらに高めることを指し、意欲の回復と区別できるものである。
活動意欲向上は、例えば、自発活動の時間または量の延長または増大、運動の頻度、時間、強度、期間または量の増大、さらには意欲に係る脳内部位の活性化などにより確認することができる。
ここで「フレイル」とは、上記日本老年医学会が提唱する、高齢者が要介護状態に陥る過程に存在する、移動能力、筋力、バランス、運動処理能力、認知機能、栄養状態、持久力、日常生活の活動性の低下および疲労感といった状態を指す。
本発明の薬剤中、上記フルスルチアミンまたはフルスルチアミン塩酸塩以外の活性成分の量は、特に限定されないが、例えば、薬剤全体の0〜99.9重量%程度の範囲から選択でき、通常、0.1〜97重量%、好ましくは1〜90重量%程度であってもよい。
ビタミンA類には、パルミチン酸レチノール、酢酸レチノールまたはビタミンA油等が挙げられる。
ビタミンB2類には、フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチドナトリウム、リボフラビン、リボフラビンリン酸塩またはリボフラビン酪酸塩等が挙げられる。
ビタミンB6類には、ピリドキシン塩酸塩またはピリドキサールリン酸塩等が挙げられる。
ビタミンB12類には、シアノコバラミン、ヒドロキシソコバラミン塩酸塩、ヒドロキシソコバラミン酢酸塩またはヒドロキシソコバラミン等が挙げられる。
ビタミンC類には、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸カルシウムまたはアスコルビン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
ビタミンD類には、エルゴカルシフェロールまたはコレカルシフェロール等が挙げられる。
ビタミンE類には、d-α-トコフェロールコハク酸塩、dl-α-トコフェロールコハク酸塩、dl-α-トコフェロールカルシウムコハク酸塩、d-α-トコフェロール酢酸塩、dl-α-トコフェロール酢酸塩、d-α-トコフェロールまたはdl-α-トコフェロール等が挙げられる。
カルニチン類には、塩化カルニチン等が挙げられる。
ニコチン酸類には、ニコチン酸またはニコチン酸アミド等が挙げられる。
グルコサミン類には、グルコサミン等が挙げられる。
コンドロイチン類には、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
カルシウム類には、乳酸カルシウム、無水リン酸水素カルシウム、リン酸水素カルシウム、クエン酸カルシウム、グリセロリン酸カルシウム、グルコン酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウムまたは沈降炭酸カルシウム等が挙げられる。
マグネシウム類には、炭酸マグネシウム等が挙げられる。
パントテン酸類には、パンテノール、パントテン酸カルシウムまたはパントテン酸ナトリウム等が挙げられる。
γ−オリザノール類には、γ-オリザノール等が挙げられる。
オロチン酸類には、オロチン酸またはオロチン酸コリン等が挙げられる。
ビオチン類には、ビオチン等が挙げられる。
葉酸類には、葉酸等が挙げられる。
鉄類には、クエン酸鉄アンモニウムまたはフマル酸第一鉄等が挙げられる。
グルクロン酸類には、グルクロノラクトンまたはグルクロン酸アミド等が挙げられる。
イノシトール類には、イノシトールまたはイノシトールヘキサニコチネート等が挙げられる。
コリン類には、重酒石酸コリン等が挙げられる。
ウルソデスオキシコール酸類には、ウルソデスオキシコール酸等が挙げられる。
タウリン類には、タウリン等が挙げられる。
アミノ酸類には、L−アルパラギン酸、L−アルパラギン酸カリウム、L−アルパラギン酸ナトリウム、L−アルパラギン酸マグネシウム、アスパラギン酸カリウム・マグネシウム等量混合物、アミノ酢酸、L−イソロイシン、塩酸アルギニン、塩酸リジン、L−グルタミン酸、L−トレオニン、L−バリン、L−ヒスチジン塩酸塩、L−ロイシン、DL−メチオニン、L−塩酸システイン、L−システインまたはL−塩酸システイン等が挙げられる。
生薬には、加工大蒜、ニンジン、ヨクイニン、アセンヤク、ウイキョウ、エゾウコギ、オウセイ、加工ダイサン、ガラナ、カンゾウ、クコシ、ケイヒ、コウジン、サフラン、サンザシ、サンヤク、シャクヤク、シュクシャ、ショウキョウ、ジョテイシ、セイヨウサンザシ、タイソウ、チョウジ、チンピ、トウキ、トシシ、トチュウ、ニクジュヨウ、ニンニク、ブクリョウ、ムイラプアマ、モッコウ、ヤクチ、ヨクイニン、リョウガンニクまたはローヤルゼリー等が挙げられる。
また、本発明の薬剤は、飲食品に通常使用される添加剤と組み合わせて、飲料、機能性表示食品、特定保健用食品、健康食品、栄養補助食品(サプリメント)、医療用食品などの飲食品組成物の形態で使用することもできる。
賦形剤としては、例えば、D−マンニトール、D−ソルビトール、エリスリトール、キシリトールなどの糖アルコール、乳糖、ブドウ糖、果糖、白糖、粉末還元麦芽糖水アメなどの糖類、結晶セルロース、粉末セルロース、バレイショデンプン、トウモロコシデンプン、デキストリン、βーシクロデキストリン、カルメロースナトリウム、軽質無水ケイ酸、含水二酸化ケイ素、二酸化ケイ素、沈降性炭酸カルシウム、無水リン酸水素カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化チタン、乳酸カルシウム、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、合成ヒドロタルサイト、タルク、カオリンなどが例示できる。
結合剤としては、例えば、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースなどのセルロース誘導体、結晶セルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン(ポビドン)、ビニルピロリドン共重合体(コポリビドン)、アクリル酸系高分子、ゼラチン、アラビアゴム、プルラン、アルファー化デンプン、カンテン、トラガント、アルギン酸ナトリウム、アルギン酸プロピレングリコールエステル、白糖などが例示できる。
崩壊剤としては、例えば、カルメロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム(カルメロースカルシウム)、クロスカルメロースナトリウム、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(L−HPC)、クロスポビドン、トウモロコシデンプン、ヒドロキシプロピルスターチ、部分アルファー化デンプン、アルギン酸、ベントナイトなどが例示できる。
本発明は、活動意欲を向上させるための、フルスルチアミンまたはフルスルチアミン塩酸塩の使用を提供する。
本発明は、活動意欲を向上させるための医薬の製造における、フルスルチアミンまたはフルスルチアミン塩酸塩の使用を提供する。
上述した本発明の薬剤に関する技術的事項は、これらの態様に対しても同様に適用される。
自発活動量の測定
11週齢のWistar系雄ラットにフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を、10、25または50 mg/kgで腹腔内投与し、対照群には生理食塩水を投与した。これらのラットを運動に対する動機付けのある環境(輪回し運動装置)に配置し、投与後120分間の活動量を測定した。活動量はラットが回転ケージで自発走行した距離(m)を測定した。その結果、フルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群において自発活動量が増加した(図1)。
11週齢のWistar系雄ラットにフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を50 mg/kgで腹腔内投与し、対照群には生理食塩水を投与した。これらのラットを運動に対する動機付けのない環境(オープンフィールド)に配置し、投与後120分間の活動量を測定した。活動量はラットが移動した距離(m)を測定した(ビームセンサー式自発運動量測定装置(Panlab Harvard Apparatus社製)を用いて測定)。その結果、フルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群において活動量が有意に増加した(図2)。
脳内モノアミン代謝活性の解析
11週齢のWistar系雄ラットにフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を、10、25または50 mg/kgで腹腔内投与した。対照群には生理食塩水を投与し、これらのラットを輪回し運動装置に配置した。投与後120分間の活動をさせた直後に脳を摘出し、視床下部および脳幹におけるモノアミン濃度を、以下の手順に従い測定した:測定までの間マイナス80℃で保存した脳を測定前にホモジナイズ溶液(亜硫酸水素Naおよび1EDTA・Na含有0.05M過塩素酸溶液)中でホモジナイズし、12,000rpmで5分、遠心分離にかけ、得られた上澄みをろ過した後、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)法で内部標準法を用いて測定した。HPLC条件は下記の通りである:
データ処理ソフト:Chromeleon
移動相:緩衝液 0.05Mリン酸二ナトリウム, 0.05Mクエン酸, 790mg/LSHS, 37.2mg/L EDTA・2Na
カラム:Thermo scientific社、Product No. 059148(C18 5μm、150×4.6mm内径)
カラム温度:25℃
流速:1.0ml/min
検出器:ESA Coulochem II Multi-Electrode Detector
(設定電位:Model 5011高感度セル E1 = -50mV, E2 = 500mV, Model 5020ガードセル 550mV、感度:R1 = 5μA, R2 = 5μA)。
その結果、フルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群において、視床下部および脳幹においてドーパミンの代謝活性(ドーパミン代謝産物(DOPAC)/ドーパミン(DA))が有意に高まっていた(図3)。
11週齢のWistar系雄ラットにフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を50 mg/kgで腹腔内投与した。対照群には生理食塩水を投与し、これらのラットをオープンフィールドに配置した。投与後120分間の活動をさせた直後に脳を摘出し、脳幹および皮質におけるモノアミン濃度を高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定した。その結果、フルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群において、皮質および脳幹においてドーパミンの代謝活性が有意に高まっていた(図4)。
脳内モノアミン代謝活性と自発活動量の関係性の解析
11週齢のWistar系雄ラットにフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を50 mg/kgで腹腔内投与し、対照群には生理食塩水を投与した。これらのラットをオープンフィールドに配置し、投与後60分間の活動量を測定した。自発活動量はラットが移動した距離(m)をビームセンサー式自発運動量測定装置(Panlab Harvard Apparatus社製)を用いて測定した。その結果、フルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群と対照群で活動量に有意な差はなかった(図5)。
実施例1の結果より、投与後120分間の自発活動量ではフルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群と対照群で測定値に有意差が得られている。投与群の自発活動量の差がどの時点から生じるかを確認するために、2分ごとの自発活動量を測定し比較した。測定にはビームセンサー式自発運動量測定装置(Panlab Harvard Apparatus社製)およびActitrackトラッキングソフトウェア(Panlab Harvard Apparatus社)を用い、ソフトウェアの取扱い説明書のとおりセンサーに反応したすべての行動を「Active.」とカウントし、カウント数を自発活動量とした。その結果、フルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群において、投与58分後に活動量が対照群と比較して有意に増加した(図6)。
投与群の脳内モノアミン代謝の上昇に関連して活動量が増加していることを確認するため、投与後60分時点での脳内モノアミン濃度を測定した。投与後60分地点で脳を摘出し、実施例2と同様の手順を用いて、脳幹、線条体および中隔におけるモノアミン濃度を高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定した。フルスルチアミン塩酸塩投与群を対照群と比較すると、脳幹、線条体および中隔においてドーパミンの代謝活性が有意に上昇していた(図7)。
実施例1、2および3の結果より、フルスルチアミン塩酸塩を投与したラットでは自発活動量増加に先立って脳内ドーパミン代謝活性が有意に高まり、その結果として運動に対する動機付けの有無に関わらず自発活動量が増加したと考えられる。
Claims (4)
- フレイル予防・改善に用いられる、フルスルチアミンまたはフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を含む、活動意欲向上剤。
- 肥満・メタボリックシンドローム予防・改善に用いられる、フルスルチアミンまたはフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を含む、活動意欲向上剤。
- 気分の高揚に用いられる、フルスルチアミンまたはフルスルチアミン塩酸塩を含む、活動意欲向上剤。
- さらに、カフェイン類、ビタミンA類、ビタミンB2類、ビタミンB6類、ビタミンB12類、ビタミンC類、ビタミンD類、ビタミンE類、カルニチン類、ニコチン酸類、グルコサミン類、コンドロイチン類、カルシウム類、マグネシウム類、パントテン酸類、γ−オリザノール類、オロチン酸類、ビオチン類、葉酸類、鉄類、グルクロン酸類、イノシトール類、コリン類、ウルソデスオキシコール酸類、タウリン類、アミノ酸類および生薬類からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の活性成分を含有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の活動意欲向上剤。
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