JP6388985B2 - 間質性膀胱炎の治療 - Google Patents
間質性膀胱炎の治療 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6388985B2 JP6388985B2 JP2017131973A JP2017131973A JP6388985B2 JP 6388985 B2 JP6388985 B2 JP 6388985B2 JP 2017131973 A JP2017131973 A JP 2017131973A JP 2017131973 A JP2017131973 A JP 2017131973A JP 6388985 B2 JP6388985 B2 JP 6388985B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/22—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against growth factors ; against growth regulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/10—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the bladder
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
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Description
(a)約2nM以下のKDでNGFと結合し、
(b)約100pM以下のIC50でマウスE13.5三叉神経ニューロンのヒトNGF依存性の生存を阻害し(ただし、IC50は約15pMのヒトNGFの存在下で測定する)、および/または
(c)約10pM以下のIC50でマウスE13.5三叉神経ニューロンのヒトNGF依存性の生存を阻害する(ただし、IC50は約1.5pMのNGFの存在下で測定する)。
(a)配列番号3に示されるCDR1領域、
(b)配列番号4に示されるCDR2領域、および
(c)配列番号5に示されるCDR3領域
を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、有効量の抗NGF拮抗抗体を投与することを含む方法を提供する。
(a)配列番号6に示されるCDR1領域、
(b)配列番号7に示されるCDR2領域、および
(c)配列番号8に示されるCDR3領域
を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、有効量の抗NGF拮抗抗体を投与することを含む方法を提供する。
(a)配列番号3に示されるCDR1領域、
(b)配列番号4に示されるCDR2領域、および
(c)配列番号5に示されるCDR3領域
を含む重鎖可変領域をさらに含み得る。
(a)
(i)配列番号30のCDR1領域、
(ii)配列番号31の配列を含むCDR2領域、
(iii)配列番号11、56、58、60、62および64からなる群から選択されるCDR3領域
を含む重鎖可変領域、ならびに
(b)
(i)配列番号18のCDR1領域、
(ii)配列番号19のCDR2領域、
(iii)配列番号14、55、57、59、61および63からなる群から選択されるCDR3領域
を含む軽鎖可変領域
を含み得る。
本発明の実施では、別段に指定しない限りは、当分野の技術範囲内にある、分子生物学(組換え技術が含まれる)、微生物学、細胞生物学、生化学および免疫学の慣用技術を用いる。そのような技術は、Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual、第2版(Sambrookら、1989)Cold Spring Harbor Press;Oligonucleotide Synthesis(M.J.Gait編、1984)、Methods in Molecular Biology、Humana Press;Cell Biology:A Laboratory Notebook(J.E.Cellis編、1998)Academic Press;Animal Cell Culture(R.I.Freshney編、1987);Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture(J.P.MatherおよびP.E.Roberts、1998)Plenum Press;Cell and Tissue Culture:Laboratory Procedures(A.Doyle、J.B.Griffiths、およびD.G.Newell編、1993〜1998)J.Wiley and Sons;Methods in Enzymology(Academic Press,Inc.);Handbook of Experimental Immunology(D.M.WeirおよびC.C.Blackwell編);Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells(J.M.MillerおよびM.P.Calos編、1987);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(F.M.Ausubelら編、1987);PCR:The Polymerase Chain Reaction、(Mullisら編、1994);Current Protocols in Immunology(J.E.Coliganら編、1991);Short Protocols in Molecular Biology(Wiley and Sons、1999);Immunobiology(C.A.JanewayおよびP.Travers、1997);Antibodies(P.Finch、1997);Antibodies:a practical approach(D.Catty.編、IRL Press、1988〜1989);Monoclonal antibodies:a practical approach(P.ShepherdおよびC.Dean編、Oxford University Press、2000);Using antibodies:a laboratory manual(E.HarlowおよびD.Lane(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、1999);The Antibodies(M.ZanettiおよびJ.D.Capra編、Harwood Academic Publishers、1995);ならびにCancer:Principles and Practice of Oncology(V.T.DeVitaら編、J.B.Lippincott Company、1993)などの文献中に完全に記載されている。
「抗体」とは、免疫グロブリン分子の可変領域中に位置する少なくとも1つの抗原認識部位を介して、炭水化物、ポリヌクレオチド、脂質、ポリペプチドなどの標的と特異的結合することができる免疫グロブリン分子である。本明細書中で使用する場合、この用語には、インタクトなポリクローナルまたはモノクローナル抗体だけでなく、その断片(Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv、dAbなど)、単鎖抗体(ScFv)、その突然変異体、キメラ抗体、ダイアボディ、抗体部分を含む融合タンパク質、および抗原認識部位を含む免疫グロブリン分子の任意の他の改変された立体配置も包含される。抗体には、IgG、IgA、もしくはIgMなどの任意のクラス(またはそのサブクラス)の抗体が含まれ、抗体は、いずれかの特定のクラスのものである必要はない。その重鎖の定常ドメインの抗体アミノ酸配列に応じて、免疫グロブリンを様々なクラスに割り当てることができる。5つの主要な免疫グロブリンのクラス、すなわち、IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG、およびIgMが存在し、これらのうちのいくつかは、サブクラス(アイソタイプ)、たとえば、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1およびIgA2へとさらに分類し得る。様々な免疫グロブリンのクラスに対応する重鎖定常ドメインは、それぞれα、δ、ε、γ、およびμと呼ばれる。様々な免疫グロブリンのクラスのサブユニット構造および三次元立体配置は周知である。
本発明は、ヒトおよび非ヒトの両方の哺乳動物を含めた、個体において間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状を治療または予防する方法を提供する。したがって、一態様では、本発明は、有効量の抗NGF拮抗抗体を投与することを含む、個体において間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状を治療または予防する方法を提供する。適切な抗NGF拮抗抗体は本明細書中に記載されている。
(a)重鎖CDR1(「CDR H1」)GFSLIGYDLN(配列番号3)、
(b)重鎖CDR2(「CDR H2」)IIWGDGTTDYNSAVKS(配列番号4)、
(c)重鎖CDR3(「CDR H3」)GGYWYATSYYFDY(配列番号5)、
(d)軽鎖CDR1(「CDR L1」)RASQSISNNLN(配列番号6)、
(e)軽鎖CDR2(「CDR L2」)YTSRFHS(配列番号7)、および
(f)軽鎖CDR3(「CDR L3」)QQEHTLPYT(配列番号8)。
本発明で使用するための抗NGF拮抗抗体は、NGF生物活性の減少、寛解、または中和が検出および/または測定される、当分野で知られている方法を用いて同定または特徴づけることができる。PCT WO04/065560に記載されている方法を使用することができる。別の方法、たとえば、米国特許第5,766,863号および第5,891,650号に記載のキナーゼ受容体活性化(KIRA)アッセイを用いて、抗NGF剤を同定することができる。このELISA型アッセイは、受容体タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ(本明細書中で以降「rPTK」)、たとえばTrkA受容体のキナーゼドメインの自己リン酸化を測定することによる、キナーゼ活性化の定性的または定量的な測定、ならびに選択したrPTK、たとえばTrkAの潜在的な拮抗剤の同定および特徴づけに適している。アッセイの第1の段階は、キナーゼ受容体、たとえばTrkA受容体のキナーゼドメインのリン酸化を含み、受容体は、真核細胞の細胞膜中に存在する。
(1)疎水性:ノルロイシン、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile、
(2)中性親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、
(3)酸性:Asp、Glu、
(4)塩基性:Asn、Gln、His、Lys、Arg、
(5)鎖の配向に影響を与える残基:Gly、Pro、および
(6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
また、本発明は、本発明の抗体およびポリペプチド(WO2004058184の図1Aおよび1Bに示される軽鎖および重鎖可変領域のポリペプチド配列を含む抗体が含まれる)をコードしている単離したポリヌクレオチド、ならびに本発明の方法で使用するためのポリヌクレオチドを含むベクターおよび宿主細胞も提供する。
本発明の方法で使用するための組成物(間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状に関連して)は、有効量の抗NGF拮抗抗体を含み、一部の実施形態では、薬学的に許容できる賦形剤をさらに含む。そのような組成物、およびどのように配合するかの例も、本明細書中に記載されている。一部の実施形態では、抗NGF拮抗抗体はNGFと結合し、関連ニューロトロフィン(NT3、NT4/5、および/またはBDNFなど)と顕著に交差反応しない。一部の実施形態では、抗NGF拮抗抗体は、有害な免疫応答に関連していない。他の実施形態では、抗NGF抗体はヒトNGFを認識する。一部の実施形態では、抗NGF抗体はヒトである。さらに他の実施形態では、抗NGF抗体はヒト化されている(本明細書中に記載の抗体E3など)。さらに他の実施形態では、抗NGF抗体は、抗体媒介性溶解またはADCCなどの、所望しないまたは望ましくない免疫応答を始動しない定常領域を含む。他の実施形態では、抗NGF抗体は、抗体E3の1つまたは複数のCDR(E3の1個、2個、3個、4個、5個、または一部の実施形態では6個すべてのCDRなど)を含む。
・オピオイド鎮痛剤、たとえば、モルヒネ、ヘロイン、ヒドロモルホン、オキシモルホン、レボルファノール、レバロルファン、メサドン、メペリジン、フェンタニル、コカイン、コデイン、ジヒドロコデイン、オキシコドン、ヒドロコドン、プロポキシフェン、ナルメフェン、ナロルフィン、ナロキソン、ナルトレキソン、ブプレノルフィン、ブトルファノール、ナルブフィンまたはペンタゾシン、
・非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAID)、たとえば、アスピリン、ジクロフェナク、ジフルシナル、エトドラク、フェンブフェン、フェノプロフェン、フルフェニサル、フルルビプロフェン、イブプロフェン、インドメタシン、ケトプロフェン、ケトロラック、メクロフェナム酸、メフェナム酸、メロキシカム、ナブメトン、ナプロキセン、ニメスリド、ニトロフルルビプロフェン、オルサラジン、オキサプロジン、フェニルブタゾン、ピロキシカム、スルファサラジン、スリンダク、トルメチンまたはゾメピラック、
・バルビツレート鎮痛剤、たとえば、アモバルビタール、アプロバルビタール、ブタバルビタール、ブタビタール、メホバルビタール、メタルビタール、メトヘキシタール、ペントバルビタール、フェノバルチタール、セコバルビタール、タルブタール、テアミラールまたはチオペンタール、
・鎮痛作用を有するベンゾジアゼピン、たとえば、クロルジアゼポキシド、クロラゼプ酸、ジアゼパム、フルラゼパム、ロラゼパム、オキサゼパム、テマゼパムまたはトリアゾラム、
・鎮痛作用を有するH1拮抗剤、たとえば、ジフェンヒドラミン、ピリラミン、プロメタジン、クロルフェニルアミンまたはクロルシクリジン、
・鎮痛剤、たとえば、グルテチミド、メプロバメート、メタカロンまたはジクロラルフェナゾン、
・骨格筋弛緩剤、たとえば、バクロフェン、カリソプロドール、クロルゾキサゾン、シクロベンザプリン、メトカルバモールまたはオルフレナジン、
・NMDA受容体拮抗剤、たとえば、デキストロメトルファン((+)−3−ヒドロキシ−N−メチルモルフィナン)またはその代謝物デキストロルファン((+)−3−ヒドロキシ−N−メチルモルフィナン)、ケタミン、メマンチン、ピロロキノリンキニーネ、シス−4−(ホスホノメチル)−2−ピペリジンカルボン酸、ブジピン、EN−3231(MorphiDex(登録商標)、モルヒネおよびデキストロメトルファンの組合せ配合物)、トピラメート、ネラメキサンまたはペルジンフォテル[NR2B拮抗剤、たとえば、イフェンプロジル、トラキソプロジルもしくは(−)−(R)−6−{2−[4−(3−フルオロフェニル)−4−ヒドロキシ−1−ピペリジニル]−1−ヒドロキシエチル−3,4−ジヒドロ−2(1H)−キノリノンが含まれる]、
・α−アドレナリン作動剤、たとえば、ドキサゾシン、タムスロシン、クロニジン、グアンファシン、デクスメタトミジン、モダフィニル、テラゾシン、インドラミン、アルフゾシン、シロドシンまたは4−アミノ−6,7−ジメトキシ−2−(5−メタン−スルホンアミド−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロイソキノール−2−イル)−5−(2−ピリジル)キナゾリン、プラゾシン
・三環系抗鬱剤、たとえば、デシプラミン、イミプラミン、アミトリプチリンまたはノルトリプチリン、
・抗痙攣剤、たとえば、カルバマゼピン、ラモトリギン、トピラトメートまたはバルプロエート、
・タキキニン(NK)拮抗剤、特にNK−3、NK−2またはNK−1拮抗剤、たとえば、(αR,9R)−7−[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジル]−8,9,10,11−テトラヒドロ−9−メチル−5−(4−メチルフェニル)−7H−[1,4]ジアゾシノ[2,1−g][1,7]−ナフチリジン−6−13−ジオン(TAK−637)、5−[[(2R,3S)−2−[(1R)−1−[3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]エトキシ−3−(4−フルオロフェニル)−4−モルホリニル]−メチル]−1,2−ジヒドロ−3H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−3−オン(MK−869)、アプレピタント、ラネピタント、ダピタントまたは3−[[2−メトキシ−5−(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]−メチルアミノ]−2−フェニルピペリジン(2S,3S)、
・ムスカリン性拮抗剤、たとえば、オキシブチニン、トルテロジン、フェソテロジン、5−ヒドロキシメチルトルテロジン、プロピベリン、塩化トロスピウム、ダリフェナシン、ソリフェナシン、テミベリンおよびイプラトロピウム、
・COX−2選択的阻害剤、たとえば、セレコキシブ、ロフェコキシブ、パレコキシブ、バルデコキシブ、デラコキシブ、エトリコキシブ、またはルミラコキシブ、
・コールタール鎮痛剤、特にアセトアミノフェン/パラセタモール、
・神経遮断剤、たとえば、ドロペリドール、クロルプロマジン、ハロペリドール、ペルフェナジン、チオリダジン、メソリダジン、トリフルオペラジン、フルフェナジン、クロザピン、オランザピン、リスペリドン、ジプラシドン、クエチアピン、セルチンドール、アリピプラゾール、ソネピプラゾール、ブロナンセリン、イロペリドン、ペロスピロン、ラクロプリド、ゾテピン、ビフェプルノックス、アセナピン、ルラシドン、アミスルプリド、バラペリドン、パリンドール、エプリバンセリン、オサネタント、リモナバント、メクリネルタント、Miraxion(登録商標)またはサリゾタン、
・バニロイド受容体作用剤(たとえばレシンフェラトキシン)または拮抗剤(たとえばカプサゼピン)、
・β−アドレナリン作動性、たとえばプロプラノロール、
・局所麻酔剤、たとえばメキシレチン、
・コルチコステロイド、たとえばデキサメタゾン、
・5−HT受容体作用剤または拮抗剤(たとえばピゾチフェン)、特に5−HT1B/1D作用剤、たとえば、エレトリプタン、スマトリプタン、ナラトリプタン、ゾルミトリプタンまたはリザトリプタン、
・5−HT2A受容体拮抗剤、たとえば、R(+)−α−(2,3−ジメトキシ−フェニル)−1−[2−(4−フルオロフェニルエチル)]−4−ピペリジンメタノール(MDL−100907)、
・コリン作動性(ニコチン性)鎮痛剤、たとえば、イスプロニクリン(TC−1734)、(E)−N−メチル−4−(3−ピリジニル)−3−ブテン−1−アミン(RJR−2403)、(R)−5−(2−アゼチジニルメトキシ)−2−クロロピリジン(ABT−594)またはニコチン、
・Tramadol(商標)、
・PDE−5阻害剤、たとえば、5−[2−エトキシ−5−(4−メチル−1−ピペラジニル−スルホニル)フェニル]−1−メチル−3−n−プロピル−1,6−ジヒドロ−7H−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−7−オン(シルデナフィル)、(6R,12aR)−2,3,6,7,12,12a−ヘキサヒドロ−2−メチル−6−(3,4−メチレンジオキシフェニル)−ピラジノ[2’,1’:6,1]−ピリド[3,4−b]インドール−1,4−ジオン(IC−351またはタダラフィル)、2−[2−エトキシ−5−(4−エチル−ピペラジン−1−イル−1−スルホニル)−フェニル]−5−メチル−7−プロピル−3H−イミダゾ[5,1−f][1,2,4]トリアジン−4−オン(バルデナフィル)、5−(5−アセチル−2−ブトキシ−3−ピリジニル)−3−エチル−2−(1−エチル−3−アゼチジニル)−2,6−ジヒドロ−7H−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−7−オン、5−(5−アセチル−2−プロポキシ−3−ピリジニル)−3−エチル−2−(1−イソプロピル−3−アゼチジニル)−2,6−ジヒドロ−7H−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−7−オン、5−[2−エトキシ−5−(4−エチルピペラジン−1−イルスルホニル)ピリジン−3−イル]−3−エチル−2−[2−メトキシエチル]−2,6−ジヒドロ−7H−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−7−オン、4−[(3−クロロ−4−メトキシベンジル)アミノ]−2−[(2S)−2−(ヒドロキシメチル)ピロリジン−1−イル]−N−(ピリミジン−2−イルメチル)ピリミジン−5−カルボキサミド、3−(1−メチル−7−オキソ−3−プロピル−6,7−ジヒドロ−1H−ピラゾロ[4,3−d]ピリミジン−5−イル)−N−[2−(1−メチルピロリジン−2−イル)エチル]−4−プロポキシベンゼンスルホンアミド;
・α−2−δリガンド、たとえば、ガバペンチン、プレガバリン、3−メチルガバペンチン、(1α,3α,5α)(3−アミノ−メチル−ビシクロ[3.2.0]ヘプト−3−イル)−酢酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノメチル−5−メチル−ヘプタン酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノ−5−メチル−ヘプタン酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノ−5−メチル−オクタン酸、(2S,4S)−4−(3−クロロフェノキシ)プロリン、(2S,4S)−4−(3−フルオロベンジル)−プロリン、[(1R,5R,6S)−6−(アミノメチル)ビシクロ[3.2.0]ヘプト−6−イル]酢酸、3−(1−アミノメチル−シクロヘキシルメチル)−4H−[1,2,4]オキサジアゾール−5−オン、C−[1−(1H−テトラゾール−5−イルメチル)−シクロヘプチル]−メチルアミン、(3S,4S)−(1−アミノメチル−3,4−ジメチル−シクロペンチル)−酢酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノ−5−メチル−ノナン酸、(3R,4R,5R)−3−アミノ−4,5−ジメチル−ヘプタン酸および(3R,4R,5R)−3−アミノ−4,5−ジメチル−オクタン酸、(3S,5R)−3−アミノメチル−5−メチルオクタン酸、
・カンナビノイド、
・代謝型グルタミン酸サブタイプ1受容体(mGluR1)拮抗剤、
・セロトニン再取り込み阻害剤、たとえば、セルトラリン、セルトラリン代謝物デスメチルセルトラリン、フルオキセチン、ノルフルオキセチン(フルオキセチンデスメチル代謝物)、フルボキサミン、パロキセチン、シタロプラム、シタロプラム代謝物デスメチルシタロプラム、エシタロプラム、d,l−フェンフルラミン、フェモキセチン、イホキセチン、シアノドチエピン、リトキセチン、ダポキセチン、ネファゾドン、セリクラミンおよびトラゾドン、
・ノルアドレナリン(ノルエピネフリン)再取り込み阻害剤、たとえば、マプロチリン、ロフェプラミン、ミルタゼピン、オキサプロチリン、フェゾラミン、トモキセチン、ミアンセリン、ブプロプリオン、ブプロプリオン代謝物ヒドロキシブプロプリオン、ノミフェンシンおよびビロキサジン(Vivalan(登録商標))、特に選択的ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害剤、たとえばレボキセチン、特に(S,S)−レボキセチン、
・二重セロトニン−ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害剤、たとえば、ベンラファクシン、ベンラファクシン代謝物O−デスメチルベンラファクシン、クロミプラミン、クロミプラミン代謝物デスメチルクロミプラミン、デュロキセチン、ミルナシプランおよびイミプラミン、
・誘導型一酸化窒素合成酵素(iNOS)阻害剤、たとえば、S−[2−[(1−イミノエチル)アミノ]エチル]−L−ホモシステイン、S−[2−[(1−イミノエチル)−アミノ]エチル]−4,4−ジオキソ−L−システイン、S−[2−[(1−イミノエチル)アミノ]エチル]−2−メチル−L−システイン、(2S,5Z)−2−アミノ−2−メチル−7−[(1−イミノエチル)アミノ]−5−ヘプテン酸、2−[[(1R,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−1−(5−チアゾリル)−ブチル]チオ]−5−クロロ−3−ピリジンカルボニトリル、2−[[(1R,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−1−(5−チアゾリル)ブチル]チオ]−4−クロロベンゾニトリル、(2S,4R)−2−アミノ−4−[[2−クロロ−5−(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]チオ]−5−チアゾールブタノール、2−[[(1R,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−1−(5−チアゾリル)ブチル]チオ]−6−(トリフルオロメチル)−3ピリジンカルボニトリル、2−[[(1R,3S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−1−(5−チアゾリル)ブチル]チオ]−5−クロロベンゾニトリル、N−[4−[2−(3−クロロベンジルアミノ)エチル]フェニル]チオフェン−2−カルボキサミジン、またはグアニジノエチルジスルフィド、
・アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤、たとえばドネペジル、
・プロスタグランジンE2サブタイプ4(EP4)拮抗剤、たとえば、N−[({2−[4−(2−エチル−4,6−ジメチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−1−イル)フェニル]エチル}アミノ)−カルボニル]−4−メチルベンゼンスルホンアミドまたは4−[(1S)−1−({[5−クロロ−2−(3−フルオロフェノキシ)ピリジン−3−イル]カルボニル}アミノ)エチル]安息香酸、
・ロイコトリエンB4拮抗剤、たとえば、1−(3−ビフェニル−4−イルメチル−4−ヒドロキシ−クロマン−7−イル)−シクロペンタンカルボン酸(CP−105696)、5−[2−(2−カルボキシエチル)−3−[6−(4−メトキシフェニル)−5E−ヘキセニル]オキシフェノキシ]−吉草酸(ONO−4057)またはDPC−11870、
・5−リポキシゲナーゼ阻害剤、たとえば、ジロートン、6−[(3−フルオロ−5−[4−メトキシ−3,4,5,6−テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−4−イル])フェノキシ−メチル]−1−メチル−2−キノロン(ZD−2138)、または2,3,5−トリメチル−6−(3−ピリジルメチル),1,4−ベンゾキノン(CV−6504)、
・ナトリウムチャネル遮断剤、たとえば、リドカイン、またはブピビカイン
・5−HT3拮抗剤、たとえばオンダンセトロン、
・グリコサミノグリカン層置き換え剤および抗炎症剤、たとえばペントサンポリ硫酸(Elmiron(商標))、
・β−3作用剤、たとえば、YM−178(ミラベグロンもしくは2−アミノ−N−[4−[2−[[(2R)−2−ヒドロキシ−2−フェニルエチル]アミノ]エチル]フェニル]−4−チアゾールアセトアミド)、ソラベグロン、KUC−7483(リトベグロンもしくは2−[4−[2−[[(1S,2R)−2−ヒドロキシ−2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1−メチルエチル]アミノ]エチル]−2,5−ジメチルフェノキシ]−酢酸)またはAK−134、
・抗ヒスタミン剤、たとえばヒドロキシジン、
・H2−拮抗剤、たとえば、シメチジン、またはラニチジン
・硝酸銀、
・ステロイド、
・ドキソルビシン、
・コンドロイチン硫酸、
・クロモグリク酸二ナトリウム、
・オキシクロロセン(Clorpactin−(商標))、および
・免疫抑制剤、たとえばシクロスポリン
ならびにその薬学的に許容できる塩および溶媒和物。
抗NGF拮抗抗体は、任意の適切な経路によって個体に投与することができる(間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状のため)。当業者には、本明細書中に記載の例は、限定することを意図するものではなく、利用可能な技術の例示であることが明らかであろう。したがって、一部の実施形態では、抗NGF拮抗抗体は、静脈内投与、たとえば、ボーラスとしてもしくは一定期間をかけた持続注入によって、筋肉内、腹腔内、脳脊髄内、皮下、関節内、舌下、滑液内、ガス注入によって、くも膜下腔内、経口、吸入経皮または局所的経路によってなどの、既知の方法に従って個体に投与する。投与は、全身性、たとえば静脈内投与、または局所であることができる。ジェット噴霧器および超音波噴霧器を含めた液体配合物用の市販の噴霧器が投与に有用である。液体配合物は直接噴霧することができ、凍結乾燥粉末は再構成後に噴霧することができる。あるいは、抗NGF拮抗抗体は、炭化フッ素配合物および定量吸入器を用いてエアロゾル化するか、または凍結乾燥および粉砕した散剤として吸入することができる。
また、本明細書中に記載の抗体は、変更されたまたは異常なNGF発現(一部の実施形態では、増加または減少したNGF発現(正常の試料と比較して)、および/または、通常はNGF発現を欠く組織および/もしくは細胞における発現の存在、または通常はNGF発現を保有する組織もしくは細胞におけるNGF発現の非存在などの、不適切な発現)に関連する、間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状の検出、診断および監視にも使用し得る。一部の実施形態では、NGF発現は、間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状に罹患していると疑われる個体からの試料中で検出される。
また、本発明は、検出および/または治療で使用するための抗体を含むキットも提供する。したがって、一部の実施形態では、キットは抗体E3を含む。一部の実施形態では、キットは、本明細書中に記載の任意の抗体またはポリペプチドを含む。他の態様では、キットは、たとえば、間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状に罹患している個体を治療するためを含めた、本明細書中に記載の方法のうちの任意のものに使用し得る。本発明のキットは適切なパッケージング中にあり、緩衝液および本明細書中に記載の方法のうちの任意のものにおける抗体の使用説明書などの、追加の構成要素を任意選択で提供し得る。一部の実施形態では、キットには、疼痛または下部尿路症状を治療するための指示書が含まれる。一部の実施形態では、キットは、本明細書中に記載の抗NGF拮抗抗体ならびに個体において間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する疼痛および/または下部尿路症状を治療および/または予防するための指示書を含む。実施形態の一部では、抗NGF拮抗抗体は抗体E3である。
マウス拮抗抗NGF抗体911のヒト化および親和性成熟
A.一般方法
以下の一般方法を本実施例中で使用した。
ライブラリは、Kayら、(1996)、Phage display of peptides and proteins:a laboratory manual、San Diego、Academic Press(277〜291ページを参照)に記載のように、変性オリゴヌクレオチドを用いたPCRカセット突然変異誘発によって作製した。ドーピングコドンNNKを用い、1つのアミノ酸位置をランダム化して20個の可能なアミノ酸を含めた。特定の特性を有するアミノ酸のサブセットのみが含まれるように1つのアミノ酸位置をランダム化するために、Balintら、(1993)Gene 137(1):109〜18)に記載のようにドーピングコドンを用いた。Innisら、(1990)PCR protocols:A guide to methods and applications(177〜183ページを参照)に記載のように、組換えPCRを用いて部位特異的突然変異誘発を行った。
96ウェルプレート中でのスモールスケールの発現を、Fabライブラリをスクリーニングするために最適化した。Fabライブラリで形質転換させた大腸菌(E.coli)から開始して、コロニーを選択して、マスタープレート(寒天LB+アンピシリン(50μg/ml)+2%のグルコース)および作業プレート(2ml/ウェル、96ウェル/プレート、1.5mLのLBを含有+アンピシリン(50μg/ml)+2%のグルコース)の両方に接種した。どちらのプレートも30℃で8〜12時間成長させた。マスタープレートを4℃で保管し、作業プレートからの細胞を5000rpmでペレット化し、1mLのLB+アンピシリン(50μg/ml)+1mMのIPTGに再懸濁させて、Fabの発現を誘発した。細胞を、30℃で5時間の発現時間の後に遠心分離によって収集し、その後、500μLの緩衝液HBS−EP(100mMのHEPES緩衝液、pH7.4、150mMのNaCl、0.005%のP20、3mMのEDTA)に再懸濁させた。HBS−EPに再懸濁させた細胞の溶解は、凍結(−80℃)、その後、37℃で解凍の1回のサイクルによって達成した。細胞溶解液を5000rpmで30分間遠心分離して、細胞細片を、Fabを含有する上清から分離した。その後、上清をBIAcoreプラズモン共鳴装置内に注入して、それぞれのFabの親和性の情報が得られた。Fabを発現するクローンをマスタープレートから救出して、DNAの配列決定ならびに以下に記載のラージスケールのFab産生および詳細な特徴づけを行った。
詳細な動力学的パラメータを得るために、Fabを大培養物から発現および精製した。200mLのLB+アンピシリン(50μg/ml)+2%のグルコースを含有するエルレンマイヤーフラスコに、選択したFab発現大腸菌(E.coli)クローンからの5mLの終夜培養物を接種した。1.0のOD550nmが得られるまでクローンを30℃でインキュベーションし、その後、培地を200mlのLB+アンピシリン(50μg/ml)+1mMのIPTGで置き換えることによって誘発させた。30℃で5時間の発現時間の後、細胞を遠心分離によってペレット化し、その後、10mLのPBS(pH8)に再懸濁させた。細胞の溶解液は、凍結/解凍(それぞれ−80℃および37℃)の2回のサイクルによって得られた。細胞溶解液の上清を、PBS、pH8で平衡化したNi−NTAスーパーフローセファロース(Qiagen、カリフォルニア州Valencia)カラム上に載せ、その後、5倍カラム体積のPBS、pH8で洗浄した。個々のFabが、PBS(pH8)+300mMのイミダゾールを含む異なる画分中で溶出された。Fabを含有する画分をプールし、PBS中で透析し、その後、ELISAによって定量した後に親和性の特徴づけを行った。
完全抗体の発現には、重鎖および軽鎖可変領域を2つの哺乳動物発現ベクター(軽鎖にはEb.911.E3またはEb.pur.911.3E、重鎖にはDb.911.3E、本明細書中に記載されている)中でクローニングし、一過性発現のためにリポフェクテミンを用いてHEK293細胞内に形質移入した。抗体は、タンパク質Aを使用して、標準方法を用いて精製した。
抗NGF Fabおよびモノクローナル抗体の親和性は、BIAcore3000(商標)表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)システム(BIAcore,INC、ニュージャージー州Piscaway)を用いて決定した。CM5チップを、N−エチル−N’−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−カルボジイニドヒドロクロリド(EDC)およびN−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)を用いて、供給者の指示に従って活性化させた。ヒトNGFを10mMの酢酸ナトリウム、pH4.0中で希釈し、活性化したチップ上に0.005mg/mLの濃度で注入した。個々のチップチャネルにわたって可変の流時間を用いて、2つの範囲の抗原密度が達成された:詳細な動力学的研究用には100〜200応答単位(RU)およびスクリーニングアッセイ用には500〜600RU。チップをエタノールアミンでブロッキングした。再生研究により、Pierce溶出緩衝液(製品番号21004、Pierce Biotechnology、Rockford,IL)および4MのNaClの混合物(2:1)が、結合したFabを有効に除去した一方で、チップ上のhNGFの活性が200回の注射にわたって保持されることが示された。HBS−EP緩衝液(0.01MのHEPES、pH7.4、0.15のNaCl、3mMのEDTA、0.005%の界面活性剤P29)をすべてのBIAcoreアッセイのランニング緩衝液として使用した。
スクリーニングBIAcoreアッセイを最適化して、ライブラリからのFabクローンの親和性を決定した。小培養物の溶解液の上清を50μl/分で2分間注入した。10〜15分間の解離時間を用いて、BIAevaluationソフトウェアを使用して単一指数の解離速度(koff)を決定した。ライブラリの作製に使用した鋳型(クローン8L2−6D5、koff 1×10−3s−1)と同じ範囲のkoff速度を示した試料を確認のために注入し、45分間までの解離時間を許容して、より良好なkoff値が得られた。改善した(より遅い)koff値を示すクローンをラージスケールで発現させ、完全な動力学的パラメータ、konおよびkoffを精製したタンパク質で決定した。このアッセイは、約2倍以上の親和性の差異を検出することができた。
精製したFab試料の段階希釈(0.1〜10×推定KD)を1分間、100μL/分で注入し、2時間までの解離時間を許容した。Fabタンパク質の濃度を、標準として既知の濃度のFab(アミノ酸分析によって決定)を用いたELISAおよび/またはSDS−PAGE電気泳動によって決定した。動力学的会合速度(kon)および解離速度(koff)が、BIAevaluationプログラムを用いて、データを1:1のラングミュア結合モデル(Karlsson,R.Roos,H.Fagerstam,L.Petersson,B.(1994).Methods Enzymology 6.99〜110)に当てはめることによって同時に得られた。平衡解離定数(KD)値はkoff/konとして計算した。
マウス拮抗抗NGF抗体、911(Hongoら、(2000)Hybridoma 19(3):215〜227を参照)をヒト化および親和性成熟のために選択した。Mab911は、ヒトおよびラットのNGFと高い親和性で結合し、ニューロトロフィンNT3、NT4/5またはBDNFと顕著な交差反応性を示さない。Hongo、同上を参照されたい。パパインで切断したマウスMab911のFab断片の親和性は、上述のようにBIAcore分析を用いて決定した。マウスMab911のパパインで切断したFab断片は、約10nMのKDでヒトNGFと結合した。
1.重鎖H1/H2ライブラリ:
CDR−H1
I34をF、L、V、S、P、T、A、またはIに変化させた
N35をN、T、S、またはYに変化させた
CDR−H2
M50を20個の天然のアミノ酸すべてに変化させた
A62をAまたはSに変化させた
L63をLまたはVに変化させた
2.軽鎖L1/L2ライブラリ
CDR−L1
S26をS、A、V、またはFに変化させた
D28をD、A、S、またはYに変化させた
H32をH、N、K、D、E、Q、またはYに変化させた
CDR−L2
Y50をY、D、A、またはSに変化させた
I51をI、T、A、またはVに変化させた
F54をFまたはLに変化させた
S56をSおよびTに変化させた
CDR−H1
I34:S、L、V、IおよびAが結合した。
N35:N、TおよびSが結合した。
CDR−H2
M50:M、I、G、Q、S、Lが結合した。
A62:AおよびSが結合した。
L63:LおよびVが結合した。
CDR−L1
S26:S、およびFが結合した。
D28:D、S、A、Yが結合した。
H32:H、N、Qが結合した。
CDR−L2
Y50:Yが結合した。
I51:I、T、V、Aが結合した。
F54:Fが結合した
S56:SおよびTが結合した
CDR−H1:I34L、N35N(変化なし)
CDR−H2:M50I、A62A(変化なし)、L63V
CDR−L1:S26S(変化なし)、D28S、H32N
CDR−L2:Y50Y(変化なし)、I51T、F54F(変化なし)、S56S(変化なし)
H3およびL3 CDR中のそれぞれのアミノ酸位置を、ヒトNGFに対する結合親和性の増加をもたらした置換について個々にプレスクリーニングした。改善した結合、同じ結合、悪化した結合または結合なしをもたらした、任意の所定の位置におけるアミノ酸置換の頻度により、多くの異なるアミノ酸(20個のアミノ酸すべてが含まれる)へと変化させることができるCDR中の位置、および変化させることができない、またはいくつかのアミノ酸へとしか変化させることができないCDR中の位置に関する情報が提供された。増加した結合親和性をもたらしたアミノ酸置換も同定した。このスクリーニングの結果に基づいて、CDR H3およびL3中のアミノ酸位置のサブセットが親和性成熟ライブラリの調製用に選択された。
次に、小ライブラリランダム化分析(上記)の結果を用いて、H3およびL3 CDRの親和性成熟のためのH3およびL3ライブラリを作製するための残基を選択した。CDR H3の残基Y101およびG103ならびにCDR L3の残基S91およびK92を、H3およびL3 CDRの親和性成熟のためのH3およびL3ライブラリを作製するために選択した。
CDR−H3:
Y101をYおよびWに変化させた、C.(1つの変性オリゴヌクレオチド中でのコドンTRSの使用は、コドンCも生じたため、Cは含めなかったことに注記されたい)。
G103をA、P、Sに変化させた
CDR−L3:
S91をEに変化させた。
K92を20個のアミノ酸すべてに変化させた。A、R、K、およびHが結合した。
CDR−H1:I34L、
CDR−H2:M50I、L63V、
CDR−L1:D28S、H32N、
CDR−L2:I51T。
マウスE13.5三叉神経ニューロンの生存アッセイを用いた、抗NGF抗体のNGF遮断能力の評価
NGF活性を遮断するFab E3または完全抗体E3の能力を、マウスE13.5三叉神経ニューロンのNGF依存性の生存をin vitroで阻害する抗体の能力を測定することによって評価した。三叉神経節は、顔面領域を神経支配する皮膚感覚ニューロンからなる。マウスE13.5三叉神経ニューロンの生存は、これらのニューロンの生存を支持するためにNGFが必要であるため、抗NGF拮抗抗体のNGF遮断活性を評価するための高感度のアッセイである。たとえば、飽和濃度のNGFでは、生存は48時間の培養中に100%に近い。対照的に、NGFが存在しない場合は、5%以下のニューロンしか48時間で生存しない。
マウス三叉神経および節状神経ニューロンの生存アッセイを用いた、抗NGF抗体E3の特異性の評価
NGF活性を特異的に遮断する抗体E3の能力は、飽和濃度のNGF、NGF関連ニューロトロフィンNT3、またはNGF非関連の神経栄養因子、マクロファージ刺激タンパク質(MSP)の存在下において、マウスE17/18三叉神経ニューロンの生存をin vitroで阻害する抗体の能力を測定することによって評価した。マウスE17/18三叉神経ニューロンの生存は、E13.5TGニューロンの生存を支持するために必要なNGFのレベルよりも、これらのニューロンの生存を支持するために高濃度のNGFが必要であるため、抗NGF拮抗抗体のNGF遮断活性を評価するための高感度のアッセイである。また、これらのニューロンの生存はNT3またはMSPによっても支持され、したがって、これらのニューロンの生存も、抗NGF拮抗抗体がNT3またはMSPも遮断したかどうかを評価するための高感度なアッセイである。
哺乳動物発現ベクターの調製および哺乳動物細胞における抗体E3の発現
哺乳動物細胞における抗体E3の発現に使用するために、3つの哺乳動物発現ベクターを設計および構築した。
臨床研究
間質性膀胱炎の臨床的診断を有する患者を抗NGF拮抗抗体E3で治療して、間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する1つまたは複数の疼痛および下部尿路症状の治療における、抗NGF抗体である抗体E3の安全性および有効性を確認する。治療する患者は、治療前のスクリーニングにおいて、少なくとも16の骨盤痛および切迫/頻発(PUF−Parsonsら、Urology 2002、60:573〜578))スコアならびに少なくとも8のオリアリー−サント間質性膀胱炎症状指標(ICSI−O’Learyら、Urology 1997、49(補遺5A):58〜63)スコアによって定義される中等度から重篤な間質性膀胱炎に罹患している。他の組み入れ基準も満たされているべきである。すべての組み入れ基準を満たさない、または1つもしくは複数の除外基準を満たす患者は、スクリーニング失敗とみなされ、研究にランダム化しない。
以下の材料は、American Type Culture Collection、米国バージニア州Manassas、10801 University Boulevard(ATCC)に寄託されている:
重鎖可変領域(カバットCDRは下線付き、コチアCDRは太字かつ斜体である)
QVQLQESGPGLVKPSETLSLTCTVSGFSLIGYDLNWIRQPPGKGLEWIGIIWGDGTTDYNSAVKSRVTISKDTSKNQFSLKLSSVTAADTAVYYCARGGYWYATSYYFDYWGQGTLVTVS(配列番号1)
DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQSISNNLNWYQQKPGKAPKLLIYYTSRFHSGVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTFTISSLQPEDIATYYCQQEHTLPYTFGQGTKLEIKRT(配列番号2)
911重鎖拡張CDR
ATCC PTA−4894
ATCC PTA−4895
Claims (7)
- 対象において間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する下部尿路症状の治療または予防のための医薬組成物であって、以下の(b)の抗NGF拮抗抗体を含む、医薬組成物。
(b)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域及び配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む抗体とヒトNGFとの結合について競合する抗体であって、NGF依存性ニューロンの生存を阻害する抗体。 - 間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する下部尿路症状が、貯蔵(刺激性)、排尿(閉塞性)または排尿後症状を含む群から選択される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 貯蔵症状が切迫、頻発、夜間多尿、切迫尿失禁および緊張性尿失禁を含み、過活動膀胱(OAB)および良性前立腺肥大(BPH)と関連している場合がある、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 排尿症状が、躊躇、流れの不良、間欠性、いきみおよび排尿障害を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 排尿後症状が、終末時滴下、排尿後滴下および残尿感を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する下部尿路症状の治療または予防に使用するための、有効量の抗NGF拮抗抗体と対象に有効量の抗体を投与するための指示書とを含むキットであって、抗NGF拮抗抗体が以下の(b)である、キット。
(b)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域及び配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む抗体とヒトNGFとの結合について競合する抗体であって、NGF依存性ニューロンの生存を阻害する抗体。 - 対象において間質性膀胱炎および/または有痛性膀胱症候群および/または膀胱痛症候群に関連する下部尿路症状を治療または予防するための医薬品の製造における抗NGF拮抗抗体の使用であって、抗NGF拮抗抗体が以下の(b)である、使用。
(b)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域及び配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含
む軽鎖可変領域を含む抗体とヒトNGFとの結合について競合する抗体であって、NGF
依存性ニューロンの生存を阻害する抗体。
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KR20100097735A (ko) | 2010-09-03 |
CN102216329A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
RU2570559C2 (ru) | 2015-12-10 |
EP3587450A1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
BRPI0822049A2 (pt) | 2020-09-15 |
AU2008337100A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
US20100260775A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
JP6173997B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
CA2709135C (en) | 2018-06-05 |
JP2011506595A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
CA2709135A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
KR101499278B1 (ko) | 2015-03-06 |
IL205836A0 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
CN106977601A (zh) | 2017-07-25 |
AU2008337100B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
EP2231705A2 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
JP2018012692A (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
RU2010124830A (ru) | 2011-12-27 |
WO2009077993A3 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
IL260508B (en) | 2022-02-01 |
JP5737944B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
IL205836B (en) | 2018-07-31 |
US8591898B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
KR20130087632A (ko) | 2013-08-06 |
WO2009077993A2 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
BRPI0822049B1 (pt) | 2021-11-16 |
JP2015110562A (ja) | 2015-06-18 |
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