JP6292721B2 - ミトコンドリア病を治療するためのクロマニル誘導体 - Google Patents
ミトコンドリア病を治療するためのクロマニル誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6292721B2 JP6292721B2 JP2015521570A JP2015521570A JP6292721B2 JP 6292721 B2 JP6292721 B2 JP 6292721B2 JP 2015521570 A JP2015521570 A JP 2015521570A JP 2015521570 A JP2015521570 A JP 2015521570A JP 6292721 B2 JP6292721 B2 JP 6292721B2
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Description
(式中、
Lは、炭素、窒素及び酸素から選択される1〜10個の場合によって置換されている主鎖原子を含むリンカーであり;
R1及びR2は、水素及びC1〜C6アルキルからそれぞれ独立に選択され、又はR1及びR2は結合して、アミド窒素原子とカチオン性窒素原子との間に第二のリンカーを形成し、又はR1は、リンカーLの主鎖原子と環状構造で結合しており、及び/又はR2は、リンカーLの主鎖原子と環状構造で結合しており;
R3は、水素及びC1〜C6アルキルから選択され、ここで、アルキル部分は、1個以上のハロゲン原子又は(ハロ)アルコキシ部分で置換されていてもよく、又はR3は、カチオン性窒素原子が、イミン部分の一部である場合に存在せず;
R4は、水素及びC1〜C6アルキルから選択され、ここで、アルキル部分は、1個以上のハロゲン原子又は(ハロ)アルコキシ部分で置換されていてもよく;
X−は、薬学的に許容されるアニオンである)
の化合物に関する。
L=L1、R1−R2=L1、R3=H、R4=H、X=Cl;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L2、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L3、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L4、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=L5、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=L6、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=L3、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I;又は
L=L7、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L8、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L9、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L10、R1−R1’=L1、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=L11、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L13、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L14、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L15、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L11、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L16、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L17、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L16、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L18、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L20、R1=H、R2=H、R6−R6’=L3、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L22、R1−R1’=L1、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L23、R1−R1’=L1、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L24、R1−R1’=L3、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L25、R1−R1’=L3、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L26、R1=H、R2=H、R6−R6’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Clである化合物であることが好ましい。
L=L5、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=L8、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L11、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl;又は
L=L17、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L16、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L26、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Clである化合物である。
L=L3、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=Iである化合物である。
L=L5、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=L8、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L11、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl;又は
L=L17、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L16、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L26、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Clである化合物であることが好ましい。
L=L3、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=Iである化合物であることが好ましい。
L=L5、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=L8、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L11、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L1、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl;又は
L=L17、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L16、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L26、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Clである化合物であることが好ましい。
によって特定することができ、
ここで、
Lは、アミド窒素原子とカチオン性窒素原子との間のリンカーであり;
R1及びR2は、水素(H)若しくはC1〜C6アルキルからそれぞれ独立に選択され、又はR1及びR2は、結合してアミド窒素原子とカチオン性窒素原子との間に第二のリンカーを形成し、又はR1は、リンカーLの主鎖原子と環状構造で結合し、及び/又はR2は、リンカーLの主鎖原子と環状構造で結合し、
R3は、水素(H)若しくはC1〜C6アルキルから選択され、ここで、アルキル部分は、1個以上のハロゲン原子若しくは(ハロ)アルコキシ部分で置換されていてもよく、又はR3は、カチオン性窒素原子が、イミン部分の一部である場合に存在せず;
R4は、水素(H)若しくはC1〜C6アルキルから選択され、ここで、アルキル部分は、1個以上のハロゲン原子若しくは(ハロ)アルコキシ部分で置換されていてもよく、
X−は、アニオン、好ましくは薬学的に許容されるアニオンである。
化合物Aについて:L=L1、R1−R2=L1、R3=H、R4=H、X−=Cl−;
化合物Bについて:L=L1、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Cについて:L=L2、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Dについて:L=L3、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Eについて:L=L4、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=TFA−;
化合物Fについて:L=L5、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=TFA−;
化合物Gについて:L=L6、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=TFA−;
化合物Hについて:L=L3、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X−=I−;
化合物Iについて:L=L1、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X−=I−;
化合物Jについて:L=L7、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Kについて:L=L8、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Lについて:L=L9、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Mについて:L=L10、R1−R1’=L1、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=TFA−;
化合物Nについて:L=L11、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Oについて:L=L12、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl−である。
化合物Pについて:L=L13、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Qについて:L=L14、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Rについて:L=L15、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Sについて:L=L11、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Tについて:L=L16、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Uについて:L=L17、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Vについて:L=L16、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Wについて:L=L18、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Xについて:L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Yについて:L=L20、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=L3、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物Zについて:L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物AAについて:L=L22、R1−R1’=L1、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物ABについて:L=L23、R1−R1’=L1、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物ACについて:L=L24、R1−R1’=L3、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物ADについて:L=L25、R1−R1’=L3、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物AEについて:L=L26、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物AFについて:L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L3、R3=Me、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物AGについて:L=L19、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=H、R4=H;X−=Cl−;
化合物AHについて:L=L21、R1=H、R2−R2’=L1、R3=Me、R4=H;X−=HCOO−である。
L=−(CH2)3−(L3)、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;及び/又は
L=−(CH2)2−CHR1−CH2−NH−(CH2)4−、R1−R1’=−(CH2)2−(L1)、R2=H、R3=−(CH2)2−CH3(プロピル)、R4=H;X=Cl;及び/又は
L=−(CH2)3−(L3)、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=TFAであり、トロロックス(商標)部分の2位がS配置である、式(I)によって表される化合物ではない。
8−OHdG 8−ヒドロキシ−2’−デオキシグアノシン
Ac 酢酸塩
ACBT ε−アミノカプロン酸及びビス−トリス/HCl
ADP アデノシン二リン酸
AKBR アセト酢酸塩/3−ヒドロキシ酪酸塩
ALS 筋萎縮性側索硬化症
AT 無酸素性作業閾値
ATP アデノシン三リン酸
Boc tert−ブトキシカルボニル
BMI 体重指数
BMR 基礎代謝率
BN−PAGE 青色天然ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動法
CM−H2DCFDA 5−(及び−6)−クロロメチル−2’,7’−ジクロロジヒドロフルオレセインジアセテート
CO 心拍出量
CPEO 慢性進行性外眼筋まひ
CSA シクロスポリンA
CT 対照ヒト原発性皮膚線維芽細胞株
CYT C シトクロムC
DCM ジクロロメタン
DIPEA N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
DMF ジメチルホルムアミド
DMSO ジメチルスルホキシド
DOA 優性視神経萎縮症
EDCI 1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド
EDTA エチレンジアミン四酢酸
Et エチル
FRDA フリートライヒ運動失調
Gly グリシル
HEPES 4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1−ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸
HOBt ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール
HPLC 高速液体クロマトグラフィー
HR 心拍数
ITIES 2種の非混和性電解質溶液の界面
KSS キーンズセイアー症候群
LHON レーベル遺伝性視神経症
Me メチル
MEGDEL 3−メチルグルタコン酸尿素、感音難聴、脳障害及びリー様症候群の神経放射線学的所見
MELAS ミトコンドリア性ミオパシー、脳障害、乳酸アシドーシス、及び脳卒中
MERRF 赤色ぼろ線維に関係するミオクローヌスてんかん
MIDD 母性遺伝の糖尿病及び難聴
MitoQ10 ミトキノン
MNGIE ミトコンドリア神経胃腸脳障害
MRS 磁気共鳴分光
NAD+ ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド
NADH 還元型ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド
NARP 神経障害運動失調及び網膜色素変性
NMN N−メチルモルホリン
Orn オルニチル
OXPHOS 酸化的リン酸化
PBS リン酸緩衝生理食塩水
PCr クレアチンリン酸
PDR 米医薬品便覧
PVDF ポリビニリデンジフルオリド
Qc 心拍出量
QSPR 定量的構造−性質関係
ROS 活性酸素種
RQ 呼吸商
Su スクシンイミド
THF テトラヒドロフラン
TFA トリフルオロ酢酸塩
TFAH トリフルオロ酢酸
VCO2 二酸化炭素放出量のレベル
VO2 酸素消費量のレベル
VO2max 全身酸素消費量
Z ベンジルオキシカルボニル
1.1 化合物F、K、N及びOの合成
1.1.1 概説
他に指示がない限り、材料は、商業供給者から購入し、受け入れたまま使用した。CH2Cl2は、水素化カルシウムで新たに蒸留した。全ての空気及び水分に敏感な反応は、乾燥窒素の不活性雰囲気下で実施した。カラムクロマトグラフィーを、Acrosシリカゲル(0.035〜0.070mm、6nm)を使用して実施した。
ステップA:DMF(45mL)中のトロロックス(商標)(1.2g、4.65mmol)の溶液に、HOBt(0.691g、5.12mmol)を、次いでEDCI(0.981g、5.12mmol)を添加した。透明な溶液が得られるまで、混合物を撹拌した。次に、DIPEA(0.891mL、5.12mmol)を1滴ずつ添加した。溶液を4℃(氷浴)に冷却し、Boc−エチレンジアミン(0.811mL、4.88mmol)を添加した。混合物を、4℃で5分間撹拌し、室温まで加温し、さらに1時間撹拌した。次いで、混合物を、EtOAc(200mL)で希釈し、水性クエン酸(10wt%、2×60mL)で洗浄した。合わせた水相を、EtOAc(60mL)で抽出し、この後、有機相を合わせ、H2O(60mL)、飽和水性NaHCO3(60mL)、H2O(60mL)及びブライン(60mL)で洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。得られた中間体A(1.8g)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
1H NMR、化合物F(D2O,400MHz):δ (ppm)=3.74(s,2H)、3.44〜3.21(m,4H)、2.72〜2.60(m,1H)、2.54〜2.41(m,1H)、2.35〜2.25(m,1H)、2.17(s,3H)、2.16(s,3H)、2.07(s,3H)、1.88〜1.77(m,1H)、1.50(s,3H)。
ステップG:メタノール(4mL)中の中間体D(136mg、0.35mmol)の溶液に、メタノール(7N、0.2mL)中のNH3を添加し、次いでエチルアセトイミデート塩酸塩(65mg、0.53mmol)を少量ずつ添加した。混合物を、15分間撹拌した。次に、シリカゲル(400mg)を、溶液に添加し、得られた混合物を、減圧下で濃縮した。フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(DCM/メタノール 9:1〜8:2)による精製及び続いてのH2O(3mL)からの凍結乾燥によって、オフホワイト色の粉末としてのトロロックス(商標)2−アセトアミジノグリシルアミノエチルアミド塩酸塩(120mg)を得た。
ステップH:DMF(7mL)中のZ−Orn(Boc)−OH(2.5g、6.8mmol)の溶液を、4℃(氷浴)に冷却し、この後、炭酸カリウム(0.94g、6.8mmol)を、少量ずつ添加した。得られた懸濁液を、5分間撹拌し、この後、ヨードメタン(0.51mL、8.2mmol)を、1滴ずつ添加した。混合物を、室温まで加温し、2.5時間撹拌した。次に、H2O(10mL)を添加し、水相を、EtOAc(3×10mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を、水性Na2S2O5(2.5wt%、5mL)及びブライン(5mL)で洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。得られた中間体H(2.43g)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップM:DMF(20mL)中のトロロックス(商標)(0.49g、1.9mmol)の溶液に、HOBt(0.29g、2.1mmol)を、次いでEDCI(0.40g、2.1mmol)を添加した。透明な溶液が得られるまで、混合物を撹拌した。次に、DIPEA(0.37mL、2.1mmol)を1滴ずつ添加した。溶液を4℃(氷浴)に冷却し、H−Arg(PMC)−OtBu(1.0g、2.0mmol)を添加した。混合物を4℃で5分間撹拌し、室温まで加温し、さらに1時間撹拌した。次いで、混合物を、EtOAc(100mL)で希釈し、水性クエン酸(10wt%、2×30mL)で洗浄した。合わせた水相を、EtOAc(30mL)で抽出し、この後、有機相を合わせ、H2O(30mL)、飽和水性NaHCO3(30mL)、H2O(30mL)及びブライン(30mL)で洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。得られた中間体M(1.31g)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
1.2.1 概説
アミンのトロロックス(商標)へのEDCI/HOAtカップリングのための一般的手順A:窒素雰囲気下のDMF(無水、約0.2M)中のトロロックス(商標)(1当量)及びアミン(1当量)の混合物に、EDCI.HCl(1.1当量)及びHOAt(0.1当量)を添加した。完全に変換する(LCMS)まで、混合物を室温で撹拌した。混合物を、H2O(20mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(3×20mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を、0.5M KHSO4(20mL)、飽和水性NaHCO3(20mL)、及びブライン(3×20mL)で連続的に洗浄した。有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体Xaを、(R)−トロロックス(商標)(250mg)及び(R)−3−アミノ−1−N−Boc−ピペリジン(200mg)を使用して調製した。中間体Xa(349mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体Xbを、(R)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及び(S)−3−アミノ−1−N−Boc−ピペリジン(80mg)を使用して調製した。中間体Xb(143mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
一般的手順Aにより、最終化合物R−Vを、(R)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及び4−(ジメチルアミノ)ブチルアミン(46mg)を使用して調製した。反応が完全な変換に達したときに、混合物を、H2O(20mL)でクエンチし、飽和水性Na2CO3でpH約9までアルカリ性にし、EtOAc(3×40mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。粗製材料を、シリカカラムクロマトグラフィー(DCM/MeOH中の7N NH3)で精製し、ジエチルエーテル(5mL)中に溶解し、ジエチルエーテル(1mL)中の1N HClで処理した。混合物を、真空中で濃縮し、DCM(3×)で同時蒸発し、凍結乾燥(H2O/MeCN)して最終化合物R−V(86mg)を得た。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ (ppm):10.14(1H,s)、7.53(1H,br s)、7.46〜7.38(1H,m)、3.17〜2.99(2H,m)、2.98〜2.87(2H,m)、2.63(6H,s)、2.57〜2.35(2H,m)、2.22〜2.13(1H,m)、2.10(3H,s)、2.07(3H,s)、1.99(3H,s)、1.78〜1.65(1H,m)、1.50〜1.29(4H,m)、1.37(3H,s)。
一般的手順Aにより、最終化合物S−Vを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及び4−(ジメチルアミノ)ブチルアミン(46mg)を使用して調製した。反応が完全な変換に達したとき、混合物を、H2O(20mL)でクエンチし、飽和水性Na2CO3でpH約9までアルカリ性にし、EtOAc(3×40mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。粗製材料を、シリカカラムクロマトグラフィー(DCM/MeOH中の7N NH3)で精製し、ジエチルエーテル(5mL)中に溶解し、ジエチルエーテル(1mL)中の1N HClで処理した。混合物を、真空中で濃縮し、DCM(3×)で同時蒸発し、凍結乾燥(H2O/MeCN)して最終化合物S−V(92mg)を得た。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ (ppm):10.12(1H,s)、7.53(1H,br s)、7.42(1H,t,J=5.92Hz)、3.16〜2.99(2H,m)、2.98〜2.86(2H,m)、2.63(6H,s)、2.58〜2.35(2H,m)、2.23〜2.14(1H,m)、2.11(3H,s)、2.07(3H,s)、1.99(3H,s)、1.78〜1.64(1H,m)、1.53〜1.29(4H,m)、1.37(3H,s)。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体Xcを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(5.49g)及び(R)−3−アミノ−1−N−Boc−ピペリジン(4.39g)を使用して調製した。シリカカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘプタン/EtOAc)による精製後、中間体Xc(6.11g)を、次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体Xdを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及び(S)−3−アミノ−1−N−Boc−ピペリジン(80mg)を使用して調製した。中間体Xd(158mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
DMF(無水、2ml)中の(S)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及び1−メチルピペリジン−4−アミン(46mg)の混合物に、PyBOP(249mg、1.2当量)を添加した。室温で終夜撹拌後、混合物をH2O(20ml)でクエンチした。飽和水性NaHCO3(30ml)を添加し、水相をEtOAc(3×30ml)で抽出した。合わせた有機相をNa2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。粗製材料を、逆相カラムクロマトグラフィー((H2O+0.01%(w/w)ギ酸/MeCN)によって精製し、凍結乾燥して最終化合物S−AH(75mg)を得た。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ (ppm):8.21(1H,s)、7.57(1H,br s)、6.91(1H,d,J=7.32Hz)、3.64〜3.43(1H,m)、2.62〜2.27(4H,m)、2.24〜2.01(3H,m)、2.14(3H,s)、2.10(3H,s)、2.07(3H,s)、1.98(3H,s)、1.78〜1.62(2H,m)、1.57〜1.42(2H,m)、1.42〜1.29(1H,m)、1.38(3H,s)。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体AEaを、(R)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及びN−Boc−トランス−1,4−シクロヘキサンジアミン(86mg)を使用して調製した。中間体AEa(186mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体AEbを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及びN−Boc−トランス−1,4−シクロヘキサンジアミン(86mg)を使用して調製した。中間体AEb(182mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:中間体Taを、(R)−トロロックス(商標)及びN−Boc−1,4−ブタンジアミン(150mg)を使用して調製した。窒素雰囲気下の冷却(0℃)したDMF(無水、0.05M)中の反応物の混合物に、EDCI.HCl(1.1当量)及びHOAt(0.1当量)を添加した。混合物を、0℃で1時間撹拌し、室温にし、完全に変換する(LCMS)まで撹拌した。反応混合物を、10当量(DMFに対して)の水に注ぎ入れ、EtOAc(3×50mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を、0.5M KHSO4(50mL)、飽和水性NaHCO3(50mL)及びブライン(3×50mL)で連続して洗浄した。有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。中間体Ta(100mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:中間体Tbを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(200mg)及びN−Boc−1,4−ブタンジアミン(150mg)を使用して調製した。窒素雰囲気下の冷却(0℃)したDMF(無水、0.05M)中の反応物の混合物に、EDCI.HCl(1.1当量)及びHOAt(0.1当量)を添加した。混合物を、0℃で1時間撹拌し、室温にし、完全に変換する(LCMS)まで撹拌した。反応混合物を、10当量(DMFに対して)の水に注ぎ入れ、EtOAc(3×50mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を、0.5M KHSO4(50mL)、飽和水性NaHCO3(50mL)及びブライン(3×50mL)で連続して洗浄した。有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。中間体Tb(100mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:中間体Uaを、(R)−トロロックス(商標)(200mg)及び1−Boc−アミノ−1,5−ペンタンジアミン(162mg)を使用して調製した。窒素雰囲気下の冷却(0℃)したDMF(無水、0.05M)中の反応物の混合物に、EDCI.HCl(1.1当量)及びHOAt(0.1当量)を添加した。混合物を、0℃で1時間撹拌し、室温にし、完全に変換する(LCMS)まで撹拌した。反応混合物を、10当量(DMFに対して)の水に注ぎ入れ、EtOAc(3×50mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を、0.5M KHSO4(50mL)、飽和水性NaHCO3(50mL)及びブライン(3×50mL)で連続して洗浄した。有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。中間体Ua(232mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:中間体Ubを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(200mg)及び1−Boc−アミノ−1,5−ペンタンジアミン(162mg)を使用して調製した。窒素雰囲気下の冷却(0℃)したDMF(無水、0.05M)中の反応物の混合物に、EDCI.HCl(1.1当量)及びHOAt(0.1当量)を添加した。混合物を、0℃で1時間撹拌し、室温にし、完全に変換する(LCMS)まで撹拌した。反応混合物を、10当量(DMFに対して)の水に注ぎ入れ、EtOAc(3×50mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を、0.5M KHSO4(50mL)、飽和水性NaHCO3(50mL)及びブライン(3×50mL)で連続して洗浄した。有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。中間体Ub(242mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:中間体AFaを、(R)−tert−ブチル3−アミノピペリジン−1−カルボキシレート(200mg)を使用して調製した。基質を、THF(無水、0.1M)中に溶解し、氷浴で0℃に冷却した。LiAlH4(5当量 THF中の2.4M)を、冷却した溶液に1滴ずつ添加した。反応混合物を、0℃で15分間撹拌し、室温にした。次いで、混合物を、完全に変換する(GCMS)まで還流した。混合物を0℃に冷却し、水(0.2mL)、15% NaOH溶液(0.2mL)及び水(0.6mL)で逐次的にクエンチし、1時間撹拌した。沈殿を濾過し、ジオキサン中の4M HClを、濾液に添加した。濾液を真空中で濃縮し、MeCN/MeOH中で磨砕して白色固体を得た。
ステップA:中間体Zaを、トロロックス(商標)(500mg)及びtert−ブチルアミノピペリジン−1−カルボキシレート(400mg)を使用して調製した。窒素雰囲気下の冷却(0℃)したDMF(無水、0.05M)中の反応物の混合物に、EDCI.HCl(1.1当量)及びHOAt(0.1当量)を添加した。混合物を、0℃で1時間撹拌し、室温にし、完全に変換する(LCMS)まで撹拌した。反応混合物を、10当量(DMFに対して)の水に注ぎ入れた。白色沈殿が形成され、濾過した。フィルター中で残渣を水で洗浄し乾燥した。中間体Za(80mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体AGaを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及び(R)−tert−ブチル3−アミノピロリジン−1−カルボキシレート(74mg)を使用して調製した。中間体AGa(110mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
ステップA:一般的手順Aにより、中間体AGbを、(S)−トロロックス(商標)(100mg)及び(S)−tert−ブチル3−アミノピロリジン−1−カルボキシレート(74mg)を使用して調製した。中間体AGb(115mg)を、さらに精製することなく次ステップで使用した。
2.1 方法及び材料
2.1.1 ミトコンドリア及びOXPHOS複合体の単離
正常及び患者のヒト皮膚線維芽細胞中の複合体I及びII濃度への化合物の影響を求めるために、細胞を化合物F(300μM)、化合物K(300μM)又は化合物N(10又は100nM)で細胞を処理した。患者の皮膚線維芽細胞は、様々な複合体I部分集合における突然変異を有する患者に由来し、対照細胞は、健康な対照に由来するヒト皮膚線維芽細胞である。
単離されたOXPHOS複合体のタンパク質濃度を、Biorad Protein Assay(Biorad、Veenendaal、オランダ)を使用して測定した。0、2、4、6、8、10又は15μlの1mg/ml BSA(Sigma)を用いた標準曲線を、正副2通り調製した。標準曲線の各サンプルに、5μlのACBT/LMを添加し、このACBT/LMは、150μlの2.1.1で記載されたACBT及び15μlの20%β−ラウリルマルトシドからなった。Dye Reagent Concentrate 5x(Biorad)を、Milli Qで5×に希釈し、2mlの希釈した試薬を、標準曲線のサンプル又は単離されたOXPHOS複合体を含有する5μlのサンプルに添加した。5及び60分の間のインキュベーション期間の後、吸光度を、595nmにおいて測定した。
青色天然ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動(BN−PAGE)は、OXPHOS複合体を部分集合に解離することなく、5種のOXPHOS複合体を互いに分離する。上記分離は、分子量に基づく。上記電気泳動中に、Serva Blue G(Serva)を、複合体を解離することなく、電気泳動移動度のための荷電をタンパク質複合体に与えるために使用する。上記電気泳動を、複合体のよりよい分離のために勾配ゲルにおいて実施する。
BN−PAGEゲル中に存在する複合体I又は複合体IIの量を視覚化するために、タンパク質を、標準のウェスタンブロット技術を使用してPVDF膜(Millipore、Amsterdam、オランダ)に移し、免疫染色によって検知した。ブロットの後及び1:1のPBS希釈したOdysseyブロッキング緩衝液(Li−cor Biosciences、Cambridge、イギリス)でPVDF膜をブロッキングする前、PVDFブロットを、60℃で15分間、分離緩衝液を用いて分離した。分離緩衝液は、PBS、0.1% Tween−20(Sigma)及び2% SDS(Serva)からなる。複合体Iの検知のために、NDUFA9(39kDa)に対するモノクローナル一次抗体(Molecular probes、Leiden、オランダ)を、1μg/mlの最終濃度で使用した。複合体IIを検知するために、複合体IIの70kDaサブユニットに対するモノクローナル一次抗体を、0.5μg/mlの最終濃度で使用(分子プローブ)した。両方の一次抗体を、PBS、0.1% Tween−20及び2.5% Protifar Plus(Nutricia、Cuijk、オランダ)に希釈し、室温で4時間又は4℃で終夜、複合体に結合させた。結合した一次抗体を、続いて、0.1μg/mlの最終濃度でIRDye 800CW 接合抗マウス抗体(Li−cor Biosciences)によって検出した。暗所で2時間、ブロットを乾燥後、IRDyeを、Odyssey赤外線撮像システムを使用して検出した。
Origin Pro Plusソフトウェア(バージョン6.1;OriginLab Corporation、Northampton、MA、米国)を使用して統計分析を実施する。ボンフェローニ補正を用いる対になっていない独立したスチューデントt検定を使用して、平均値を比較した。エラーバーは、標準偏差(SD)を示す。
複合体Iサブユニットにおける突然変異を含む患者由来の細胞株への化合物Fの添加は、完全に集合した複合体Iタンパク質濃度における増加をもたらす(図1a)。同様に化合物Kは、同一の患者由来の細胞株における複合体Iタンパク質濃度を増加させる(図1b)。さらに、複合体Iタンパク質濃度における用量依存的な増加が、10nM又は100nMの化合物Nの患者由来の細胞への添加後に見られる(図1c)。上記の濃度における増加を、複合体I(パネルa)及び複合体II(パネルb)について図1に定量化した。複合体I濃度における統計的に有意な増加が、様々な濃度の化合物Nの患者由来の細胞株への添加後に観察された。同様に完全に集合したタンパク質複合体IIの濃度における増加が、最高濃度の化合物Nにおいて検知された。これらのデータは、化合物F、K及びNの作用の様式が、完全に集合した複合体Iの量及び潜在的に複合体IIタンパク質濃度を増加することを含み得ることを示している。
3.1 方法及び材料
CM−H2DCFDAは、細胞内エステラーゼによるCM−H2DCFのアセテート基の除去後に非蛍光性で膜非透過性のCM−H2DCFに変換される活性酸素種(ROS)の細胞透過性レポーター分子である。ROSによる酸化によって、CM−H2DCFは、蛍光性CM−DCFに変換される。種々のROSが、CM−H2DCF酸化に関与し、細胞オキシダント濃度の好適なレポーターとなり得ることは広く受け入れられている。平均細胞CM−DCF蛍光強度は、細胞ROS濃度の間接的尺度であると考えられる。
化合物が細胞内ROS濃度への効果を有するか否かを決定するために、増加したROS濃度を有する1つ又はいくつかの患者細胞株(W.J.H.Koopman、S.Verkaart、H.J.Visch、S.E.van Emst−de Vries、L.G.Nijtmans、J.A.Smeitink、P.H.Willems、Human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency:radical changes in mitochondrial morphology?、Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293巻(2007年)C22〜C29)を、化合物F(図3a)、K(図3b)又はN(図3c)の漸増する濃度に暴露した。全ての3種の化合物について、化合物濃度及びROS濃度の間に観測された逆相関があり、増加した濃度は、CM−DCF形成によって測定された減少したROS濃度をもたらしたことを意味した。ミトコンドリア切断は、高すぎるROS濃度の結果として起こり得るので(W.J.H.Koopman、S.Verkaart、H.J.Visch、S.E.van Emst−de Vries、L.G.Nijtmans、J.A.Smeitink、P.H.Willems、Human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency:radical changes in mitochondrial morphology?、Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293巻(2007年)C22〜C29;Distelmaier F.、Valsecchi、F.、Forkink、M.、van Emst−de Vries、S.、Swarts、H.、Rodenburg、R.、Verwiel、E.、Smeitink、J.、Willems、P.H.G.M.、Koopman、W.J.H.(2012)TroloxTM−sensitive ROS regulate mitochondrial morphology、oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic calcium handling in healthy cells.Antioxidants and redox signaling.(印刷中)、PMID 22559215)、上記化合物は、ROS濃度を生理的濃度に低減することを通して治療効果を少なくとも部分的に発揮し得る。
細胞内ROS濃度を減少させ得るさらなる化合物が、表2に挙げられている。上記化合物を、3.1において基本的に説明されたDCFDA分析において、増加したROS濃度を有する患者細胞株(NDUFS7遺伝子における突然変異を有する患者からの線維芽細胞であるS7−5175細胞)において細胞内ROS濃度を減少させる効果について試験した。用量反応曲線を、記載された各化合物について求め、この曲線からEC50(有効性)、すなわち半最大反応を与える化合物の濃度を算出し、表2に示した。
化合物I及びJは、健康な対照細胞株中の複合体Iの発現においてわずかな減少を生じるが、これらの化合物は、患者細胞株中の複合体Iの発現において劇的な減少を生じ、したがって化合物Jの効果は、化合物Iの効果より強い。
動物及び処置:Ndufs4ノックアウト(KO)及び野生型(WT)マウスを、Ndufs4ヘテロ接合雄及び雌を交配することによって生成した(Kruse SEら、2008年、Cell Metab 7巻:312〜320ページ)。このプロジェクトに使用された動物の合計数(n)は、以下のとおりである。媒体 WT:7、化合物N(KH003) WT:7、媒体 KO:5、化合物N KO:5。動物を、3、5及び6週齢において試験した。動物は、4ml/kgの体積用量で、媒体(対照)注射(無菌水からなる)、又は400mg/kgの用量における化合物Nのいずれかを受けた。動物に1日に2回注射した(注射あたり2ml/kg)。注射は寿命の3週中に始まり、6週における実験の終結まで毎日続いた。
握力スコア=((X週トライアル1+2+3+4+5)/5)/X週の平均体重(g)(X週=3週、5週又は6週)
Claims (21)
- 一般式(I):
(式中、
L=−(CH2)2−、R1−R2=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H、X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH2)3NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I;又は
L=−(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(Me)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(Me)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)3NHC(Me)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)2NR1’C(NH2)=、R1−R1’=−(CH2)2−、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)CH2−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)4−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)5−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)4−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’C(O)−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR5CH2NR5’C(Me)=、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=−(CH2)3−、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)2CHR1’−、R1−R1’=−(CH2)2−、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)2CHR1’NHC(O)C(Me)−、R1−R1’=−(CH2)2−、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CH2CHR1’−、R1−R1’=−(CH2)3−、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CH2CHR1’NHC(Me)=、R1−R1’=−(CH2)3−、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR5(CH2)2CHR5’−、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl)
の化合物。 - L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(Me)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)5−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)4−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR5(CH2)2CHR5’−、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl
である、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - L=−(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I;又は
L=−(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=Me;X=I
である、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物及び生理学的に許容される担体を含む医薬品又は化粧品組成物。
- 医薬として使用するための、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- ミトコンドリアの形態及びOXPHOS酵素の発現の少なくとも1つの調節における使用のための、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- ミトコンドリア障害に関係する症状の治療、予防、又は抑制における使用のための薬剤であって、該薬剤は、一般式(I):
(式中、
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 −R 2 =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H、X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)CH 2 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =Me;X=I;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =Me;X=I;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)CH 2 NHC(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NR 1’ C(NH 2 )=、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 4 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 5 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 4 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ C(O)−、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 5 CH 2 NR 5’ C(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 5 −R 5’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ (CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 CHR 1’ −、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 CHR 1’ NHC(O)C(Me)−、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CH 2 CHR 1’ −、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CH 2 CHR 1’ NHC(Me)=、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 5 (CH 2 ) 2 CHR 5’ −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 5 −R 5’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ (CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl)の化合物、
を含む、薬剤。 - L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(Me)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)5−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)4−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR5(CH2)2CHR5’−、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl
である、請求項7に記載の薬剤。 - ミトコンドリア障害が、ミオクローヌスてんかん;レーベル遺伝性視神経症(LHON);神経障害運動失調及び網膜色素変性(NARP);脳障害、乳酸アシドーシス、脳卒中(MELAS);リー症候群;リー様症候群;優性視神経萎縮症(DOA);キーンズセイアー症候群(KSS);母性遺伝の糖尿病及び難聴(MIDD);アルパーズフッテンロッハー症候群;運動失調神経障害スペクトル;慢性進行性外眼筋まひ(CPEO);ピヤソン症候群;ミトコンドリア神経胃腸脳障害(MNGIE);サンジェ症候群;3−メチルグルタコン酸尿素、感音難聴、脳障害及びリー様症候群の神経放射線学的所見(MEGDEL);ミオパシー;SURF1(複合体IV過剰タンパク質欠乏症によるCOX不全リー症候群)、並びに未解決な遺伝子異常を伴う単独又は複合的なOXPHOS欠乏症からなる群から選択される障害である、請求項7又は8に記載の薬剤。
- ミトコンドリア障害が、赤色ぼろ線維に関係するミオクローヌスてんかん(MERRF);ミトコンドリア性ミオパシー;心筋症;脳筋症;乱れたピルビン酸塩酸化;及び乱れたATPプラスPCr産生速度からなる群から選択される障害である、請求項7又は8に記載の薬剤。
- ミトコンドリア機能障害に関係する状態に関係する症状の治療、予防、又は抑制における使用のための、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- ミトコンドリア機能障害に関係する状態に関係する症状の治療、予防、又は抑制における使用のための、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- ミトコンドリア機能障害に関係する状態が、フリートライヒ運動失調(FRDA);尿細管性アシドーシス;パーキンソン病;アルツハイマー病;筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS);ハンチントン病;広汎性発達障害;聴力損失;難聴;糖尿病;老化;及びミトコンドリア機能障害をもたらす薬物副作用からなる群から選択される状態である、請求項11又は12に記載の化合物。
- 測定可能な臨床的指標が、本発明の化合物を使用する治療の効能を評価するために使用される、請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 臨床的指標が、全血、血漿、脳脊髄液、又は脳室液のいずれかにおける乳酸(乳酸塩)濃度;全血、血漿、脳脊髄液、又は脳室液のいずれかにおけるピルビン酸(ピルビン酸塩)濃度;全血、血漿、脳脊髄液、又は脳室液のいずれかにおける乳酸塩/ピルビン酸塩比;全血、血漿又は脳脊髄液中のアミノ酸、体液中の有機酸;血清及び骨格筋中のFGF21;クレアチンリン酸濃度、NADH(NADH+H+)又はNADPH(NADPH+H+)濃度;NAD又はNADP濃度;ATP濃度;無酸素性作業閾値;還元補酵素Q(CoQred)濃度;酸化補酵素Q(CoQox濃度;全補酵素Q(CoQtot)濃度;酸化シトクロムC濃度;還元シトクロムC濃度;酸化シトクロムC/還元シトクロムC比;アセト酢酸塩濃度、ベータ−ヒドロキシ酪酸塩濃度、アセト酢酸塩/ベータヒドロキシ酪酸塩比、8−ヒドロキシ−2’−デオキシグアノシン(8−OHdG)濃度;活性酸素種の濃度;及び酸素消費量(VO2)の濃度、二酸化炭素放出量(VCO2)の濃度、及び呼吸商(VCO2/VO2)からなる群から選択される1つ以上の指標である、請求項14に記載の薬剤。
- 臨床的指標が全血、血漿又は脳脊髄液中のアミノ酸であり、前記アミノ酸がアラニン、シトルリン又はプロリンである、請求項14に記載の薬剤。
- 腫瘍性疾患が、癌である、請求項17に記載の薬剤。
- 前記癌が、基底細胞癌、骨肉腫、大腸癌、脳腫瘍、乳癌、子宮頸癌、白血病、肝癌、肺癌、リンパ腫、黒色腫、卵巣癌、膵臓癌、前立腺癌又は甲状腺癌からなる群から選択される癌である、請求項18に記載の薬剤。
- 対象における皮膚のさらなる老化を治療する又は遅らせるための化粧組成物であって、該組成物が、有効量の、一般式(I):
(式中、
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 −R 2 =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H、X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)CH 2 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =Me;X=I;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =Me;X=I;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NHC(O)CH 2 NHC(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 NR 1’ C(NH 2 )=、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=TFA;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 NHC(NH 2 )=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 4 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 5 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 4 −、R 1 =H、R 2 =Me、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ C(O)−、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 5 CH 2 NR 5’ C(Me)=、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 5 −R 5’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ (CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 CHR 1’ −、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH 2 ) 2 CHR 1’ NHC(O)C(Me)−、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CH 2 CHR 1’ −、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CH 2 CHR 1’ NHC(Me)=、R 1 −R 1’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 2 =H、R 3 =不存在、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 5 (CH 2 ) 2 CHR 5’ −、R 1 =H、R 2 =H、R 5 −R 5’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 3 −、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ CH 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =H、R 4 =H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR 2’ (CH 2 ) 2 −、R 1 =H、R 2 −R 2’ =−(CH 2 ) 2 −、R 3 =Me、R 4 =H;X=Cl)
の化合物を活性成分として含む、化粧組成物。 - L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=TFA;又は
L=−(CH2)2NHC(O)CH2NHC(Me)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−C(CO2H)(CH2)3NHC(NH2)=、R1=H、R2=H、R3=不存在、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)5−、R1=H、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−(CH2)4−、R1=H、R2=Me、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR5(CH2)2CHR5’−、R1=H、R2=H、R5−R5’=−(CH2)2−、R3=H、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’CH2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)3−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl;又は
L=−CHR2’(CH2)2−、R1=H、R2−R2’=−(CH2)2−、R3=Me、R4=H;X=Cl
である、請求項20に記載の化粧組成物。
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