JP6268100B2 - 鼻腔内デクスメデトミジン組成物およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
鼻腔内デクスメデトミジン組成物およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6268100B2 JP6268100B2 JP2014546186A JP2014546186A JP6268100B2 JP 6268100 B2 JP6268100 B2 JP 6268100B2 JP 2014546186 A JP2014546186 A JP 2014546186A JP 2014546186 A JP2014546186 A JP 2014546186A JP 6268100 B2 JP6268100 B2 JP 6268100B2
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- dexmedetomidine
- minutes
- hours
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- administered
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、鼻腔内有効量のデクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩を哺乳動物に鼻腔内投与することによって、鼻腔内有効量のデクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、投与から約15分〜約20分以内に約0.1 ng/mlの血漿濃度(Cplasma)をもたらして顕著な鎮静作用のない鎮痛効果をもたらすことを含む、哺乳動物において顕著な鎮静作用なしで痛みを治療または予防する方法を提供する。
他に特記しない限り、すべての技術用語および科学用語は、開示された実施態様が属する分野における当業者によって一般に理解されている意味と同じ意味を有する。
硫酸塩、チオ硫酸塩、クエン酸塩、マレイン酸塩、酢酸塩、シュウ酸塩、塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、ヨウ化水素酸塩、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、重硫酸塩、亜硫酸水素塩、リン酸塩、過リン酸塩、イソニコチン酸塩、ホウ酸塩、酢酸塩、乳酸塩、サリチル酸塩、クエン酸塩、酸クエン酸塩、酒石酸塩、オレイン酸塩、タンニン酸塩、パントテン酸塩、酒石酸水素塩、アスコルビン酸塩、コハク酸塩、マレイン酸塩、ゲンチシネート(gentisinate)、フマル酸塩、グルコン酸塩、グルカロネート(glucaronate)、サッカラート、ギ酸塩、安息香酸塩、グルタミン酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、エタンスルホン酸塩、ベンゼンスルホン酸塩、p-トルエンスルホン酸塩、重炭酸塩、マロン酸塩、メシレート、エシレート、ナプシジシレート(napsydisylate)、トシレート、ベシレート(besylate)、オルトホスフェート(orthophoshate)およびパモ酸塩(すなわち、1,1’-メチレン-bis-(2-ヒドロキシ-3-ナフトエート))など(これらに限定されるものではない)の非毒性酸付加塩、すなわち、薬理学的に許容しうるアニオンを包含する塩を形成しうる酸である。アミノ部分を包含する化合物は、上述の酸に加えて、様々なアミノ酸と医薬的に許容しうる塩を形成することができる。天然において酸性である化合物は、様々な薬理学的に許容しうるカチオンと塩基性塩を形成する能力がある。このような塩の例として、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属塩および、特に、カルシウム、マグネシウム、アンモニウム、ナトリウム、リチウム、亜鉛、カリウムおよび鉄の塩が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。本発明はまた、本発明化合物の第4級アンモニウム塩を包含しうる。
いくつかの実施態様においては、デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩、またはそれを含む組成物は、約6時間毎に投与される。
しかしながら、デクスメデトミジンの場合、増粘剤の使用は、デクスメデトミジン血漿レベルの低下をもたらす可能性があり、したがって、デクスメデトミジン組成物の迅速な取り込みを意図する場合などの特定の条件下では除外されてもよい。このように、驚くべきことには、鼻腔内組成物の粘度が、有効成分の取り込みに影響を及ぼしうることが見出された。したがって、いくつかの実施態様においては、粘度の増加は、デクスメデトミジンの取り込みを減少させることができる。したがって、いくつかの実施態様においては、該組成物は、液体ビヒクルまたは組成物の粘度を増加させるポリマーを含まない。いくつかの実施態様においては、ポリマーは水溶性ポリマーである。可溶性ポリマーの例として、セルロースエーテル(たとえば、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース)、他のセルロース系ポリマー(メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなど)、ポビドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ガム(たとえば、キサンタンガム)、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)、ヒアルロン酸(及びそれらの誘導体および塩)、カラギーナン、デキストランおよびポロキサマーが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。いくつかの実施態様においては、セルロースエーテルは、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)である。したがって、いくつかの実施態様においては、組成物は、HPMCを含まない。いくつかの実施態様においては、鼻腔内組成物の粘度は、水の粘度よりも大きくない。
容器に、精製水、USPを加えた。水に、無水クエン酸、クエン酸ナトリウム二水和物、塩化ナトリウム、フェニルエチルアルコールおよびジナトリウムEDTAを溶解するまで混ぜ合わせた。必要に応じて、pH6.0〜6.5となるように溶液のpHを調節した。混合を継続しながら、デクスメデトミジンHClを加え、溶解させた。デクスメデトミジンHClが最終選択濃度になるように水を加えて調節した。
水性噴霧器から、デクスメデトミジンHCl(DEX)の経鼻送達を評価して、顕著な鎮静作用のない鎮痛を提供する薬物動態プロファイルを提供した。送達の経鼻経路は、経口経路(たとえば、頬側、舌下、嚥下)によるか、または直腸経路(たとえば、泡剤、座剤など)、あるいは注射による治療に耐えることができない、あるいは該治療が不本意かもしれない痛みを有する患者によって望まれることが多い。鼻腔内投与されたDEXの評価のために、最初に開発された水性経鼻噴霧器に加えて、本明細書の記載から明らかなように、乾燥粉末、懸濁液および/または蒸気を包含するように製剤を変更することができる。
薬物製品(DEX-IN.02 50μg API/100 μL 鼻腔内スプレーおよびDEX-IN.03 25μg API/50 μL 鼻腔内スプレー)およびプラセボ(DEX-IN.02P 100 μL 鼻腔内スプレー)のインビトロ噴霧ポンプ性能は、マルバーン・スプレーテックを用いるレーザー回折によって測定された液滴サイズ分布に基づくものであった。マルバーン・スプレーテックは、レーザー回折原理に基づいて作動し、点鼻スプレーからの液滴サイズ分布を特徴付けるために通常使用される技術である。液滴サイズ分布は、以下の測定基準によって特徴付けられた:点鼻スプレーのためのFDA CMCガイダンス(2002)および工業のためのFDAドラフトガイダンス:Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Nasal Aerosols and Nasal Sprays for Local Action、April 2003による体積分布(Dv10、Dv50、Dv90)、10 μm以下のスパンおよびパーセンテージ(%)。
本研究の一つの目的は、イヌにおいて鼻腔内または舌下投与した場合の、複数の実験的デクスメデトミジン製剤の薬物動態を、市販のデクスメデトミジン製剤の薬物動態と比較することであった。各投薬イベントに対し、5匹の雄性イヌに、イヌに100 μL中25 μLのデクスメデトミジン遊離塩基(29.5 μLのデクスメデトミジンHClに相当)を投与した製剤7-Dex以外は、100 μLの製剤中50 μgのデクスメデトミジン遊離塩基(59 μLのデクスメデトミジンHClに相当)および
500 μLの溶液中50 μgのデクスメデトミジン塩基等価物を含むPRECEDEX(登録商標)製剤を、鼻腔内または舌下投与した。投与は、下記表に示すように、最低2日の投薬イベント間隔で、製剤に関して三つのセグメントにおいて、10の投薬イベントで行った:
*投与量=50 μLのデクスメデトミジン遊離塩基(59 μLのデクスメデトミジンHClに相当)。
**新たな噴霧器を用いる製剤6-Dexの再投与。
***投与量=25 μLのデクスメデトミジン遊離塩基(29.5 μLのデクスメデトミジンHClに相当)。
デクスメデトミジンについての平均薬物動態パラメーターを以下にまとめる。
NC1=排出相のためのデータポイントが不十分であったことにより、値をWinNonlinによって計算することができなかった。
*新たな噴霧器を用いる製剤6-DEXの再投与。
NC1=排出相のためのデータポイントが不十分であったことにより、値をWinNonlinによって計算することができなかった。*噴霧器を用いる製剤6-Dexの再投与。
投薬のために頭部を反転させ(inverted)、投薬1〜3をマイクロピペットで鼻腔内投与した。投薬量は、100 μLの製剤中の50 μLのデクスメデトミジン遊離塩基(59 μgのデクスメデトミジンHClに相当)であった。市販の鼻腔スプレーボトルを用いて投薬4を投与した。噴霧毎に両鼻孔を交代で、噴霧投薬は、姿勢を正した状態で行なった。頭部は、噴霧投与後30秒〜1分間反転させた。スプレーボトルは、一噴霧当り100 μLを投与し、50 μLのデクスメデトミジン遊離塩基(59 μgのデクスメデトミジンHClに相当)の用量を送達するには5回の噴霧が必要であった。起こりうる交差汚染を防止するために、投薬前に、投薬場所から離れた領域でスプレーボトルをプライミングした。さらに、エアロゾル化した被験物質による、起こりうる血液サンプルの汚染を防止するために、採血場所から離れた領域で投薬を行った。
投薬後、血液サンプルを得、DEX血漿レベルについて試験した。
四つの異なるDEX製剤を用いた。10分間にわたって静脈内投与される25 μgの投薬量でのPRECEDEX(登録商標)(処置A)、および三つの異なる鼻腔内用量または製剤。製剤B(1回噴霧で一方の鼻孔に100 μl中で35 μg投与);製剤C(二つの鼻孔を介して合計35 μg投与);および製剤D((1回噴霧で一方の鼻孔に50 μl中で17.5 μg投与)。
[1]CmaxおよびAUC0-24の幾何平均(CV%);Tmaxのメジアン(分、max);およびt1/2の算術平均±SD;† n=11;‡ n=10;§ n=4;# n=1。
健康なボランティアに、選択した用量を鼻孔内投与するか、または指示された場合、別の投与経路で投与した。処置しない鼻孔を指で覆うと同時に、単鼻孔に投与した。血液サンプルを採取し、示したとおり、DEX濃度を測定した。
この研究の第一の目的は、健康な雄性および雌性被験者における鼻腔内デクスメデトミジンの反復用量の薬物動態プロファイルを評価することである。この研究の第二の終点は、健康なボランティアにおける鼻腔内デクスメデトミジンの安全性および認容性を評価することである。
これは、鼻腔内デクスメデトミジンの安全性、認容性および薬物動態を調査するための、健康な被験者における第1相、非盲検、2期、反復投与研究である。合計12人の被験者(男性6人および女性6人)が計画され、登録された。年齢18〜50歳(両端を含む)の健康な被験者を、米国にある一つの研究施設にて、試験薬物投与の前28日以内に、参加についてスクリーニングした。スクリーニング滞在中に、病歴、身体検査、基本臨床試験、12リード心電図(ECG)、妊娠検査、バイタルサイン要素およびインフォームドコンセントを完了した。
被験者は、試験に参加するための以下の基準を満たした:1)年齢18〜50歳(両端を含む)の男性または女性;2)妊娠の可能性のある女性被験者は、外科的に無菌であり、試験完了までは、二重バリア避妊を使用するか、禁欲を遵守する(性行為の際は二重バリア避妊を使用することに同意しなければならない)か、またはFDAにより認可された挿入可能、注射可能、経皮もしくは経口の避妊薬を併用で用い、試験薬物の投与前に行う血清妊娠試験の結果が陰性であり、次の尿妊娠試験の結果が陰性である(閉経後の女性[少なくとも2年間無月経]もまた、参加する資格がある);3)ボディ・マス・インデックス(BMI)≦32 kg/m2および体重50〜95 kg(両端を含む);および4)試験手順を理解し、試験プログラムの参加に同意し、自発的に同意書を提出することができた。
試験担当者は、処置スケジュールにしたがって、試験薬物のすべての用量を投与した。デクスメデトミジンの用量は、鼻腔内送達装置を用いて左鼻孔に投与された。用量は、処置しない鼻孔を指で覆うと同時に、割り当てられた鼻孔に投与された。被験者の頭部をまっすぐに保ち、処置鼻孔へ噴霧アプリケーターをおよそ1/2挿入した。ポンプが押され、用量が送達されると、被験者は、処置鼻孔を通して吸入した。
試験責任医師または被指名人は、ラムゼイ鎮静スケールを用いて各被験者の鎮静度を評価した。各時点における各被験者について、ラムゼイ格付け区分にしたがって、鎮静度を評価した。ラムゼイ鎮静スケールを、投与前(0時間)および各投与後30、60および90分の時点で行った。すべてのスコアは、投薬後6時間以内に、それらのベースライン(スコア2)に戻った。試験の過程中に、RSSスコアの5が二人の被験者に割り当てられたが、大部分の被験者は、顕著な鎮静作用を経験しなかった。被験者は、6時間毎に試験用量を投与され、期間2の間の7回の投与について、各投与に続いて、24時間体制で安全性モニタリング活動が行われた;このスケジュールの交絡効果は、評価ツール/結果において取り扱われていない。
血漿中のデクスメデトミジンおよびその主要代謝物(ORM-14305)の濃度のための薬物動態パラメーターを、期間1中の用量1および2、ならびに期間2中の用量1および7に対して計算した。計算されたパラメーターとして、ピーク(最大)観察血漿薬物濃度(Cmax)、Cmaxに対する時間(Tmax)、定量化できる血漿薬物濃度である0時間から最終サンプリング時間(t)の濃度時間曲線下領域(AUC0-t)、投与後0時間から6時間のAUC(AUC0-6)、0時間から無限のAUC(期間1の用量2および期間2の用量7のAUC0-∞)、および最終相の排出半減期(期間1の用量2および期間2の用量7のt1/2)が挙げられる。
観察されたデクスメデトミジンの薬物動態パラメーター、Cmax、TmaxおよびAUC0-6を下記の表に示す。
慢性腰痛患者における、プラセボと比較しての、鼻腔内デクスメデトミジンの二つの用量レベル(DEX-IN.02およびDEX-IN.03)の有効性、安全性および薬物動態を評価するために試験を行った。
平均SPID値は、投与後60分の時点で、プラセボよりも、50 μg用量について有意に大きかった(7.1対3.6;p=0.0352)。平均TOTPARは、投与後45分および60分の時点で、プラセボよりも、50 μg用量について有意に高かった(それぞれ、4.3対2.5;p=0.0298および6.2対3.3;p=0.0097)。試験の結果を以下の表に示す。
Claims (17)
- ヒト成人における痛みを治療するための鼻腔内医薬の製造のための、デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩の使用であって、
デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、約2時間毎、約4時間毎、約6時間毎、約8時間毎、約10時間毎、約12時間毎または約24時間毎に、35 μg、40 μgまたは50 μgの単位用量でヒト成人の単鼻孔への1回噴霧で投与される、使用。 - デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、40 μgまたは50 μgの単位用量で投与される、請求項1に記載の使用。
- デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、150 μm以下のDv90を有する液滴を含む噴霧として投与される、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、一種以上の追加の治療薬とともに投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の使用。
- 一種以上の追加の治療薬が、オピオイド鎮痛薬;非オピオイド鎮痛薬;ビタミン;血管拡張薬;ベンゾジアゼピン;トリプタン;抗痙攣薬;抗うつ薬;制吐薬;および降圧剤から選ばれる請求項4に記載の使用。
- ヒト成人において、投与後2時間以内にラムゼイ鎮静スケールにおけるレベル3より大きい鎮静効果を誘発せずに、投与直後の時間に鎮痛効果をもたらすための鼻腔内医薬の製造のための、デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩の使用であって、
デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、約2時間毎、約4時間毎、約6時間毎、約8時間毎、約10時間毎、約12時間毎または約24時間毎に、35 μg、40 μgまたは50 μgの単位用量でヒト成人の単鼻孔への1回噴霧で投与される、使用。 - デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、40 μgまたは50 μgの単位用量で投与される、請求項6に記載の使用。
- デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、150 μm以下のDv90を有する液滴を含む噴霧として投与される、請求項6または7に記載の使用。
- デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、一種以上の追加の治療薬とともに投与される、請求項6〜8のいずれか一つに記載の使用。
- 一種以上の追加の治療薬が、オピオイド鎮痛薬;非オピオイド鎮痛薬;ビタミン;血管拡張薬;ベンゾジアゼピン;トリプタン;抗痙攣薬;抗うつ薬;制吐薬;および降圧剤から選ばれる請求項9に記載の使用。
- デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、6時間毎に投与される請求項6〜10のいずれか一つに記載の使用。
- ヒト成人が、がん、ウイルス感染、身体的外傷、関節炎、頭痛、片頭痛または腰痛に伴うか、または、それらによって引き起こされる特発性疼痛を有する、請求項6〜11のいずれか一つに記載の使用。
- 特発性疼痛が、神経痛、筋肉痛、痛覚過敏(hyperalgesia)、痛覚過敏(hyperpathia)、神経炎または神経障害である、請求項12に記載の使用。
- 身体的外傷が、外科手術、火傷または鈍器外傷に伴うか、または、それらによって引き起こされる、請求項12に記載の使用。
- デクスメデトミジンまたはその医薬的に許容しうる塩が、定量噴霧装置で鼻腔内投与される、請求項6〜14のいずれか一つに記載の使用。
- 定量噴霧装置が、複数回用量、単位用量または二回用量用装置である、請求項15に記載の使用。
- 定量噴霧装置によって製造された定量噴霧が、150 μl以下、140 μl以下、130 μl以下、120 μl以下、110 μl以下、100 μl以下、75 μl以下または50 μl以下の量を含む、請求項6〜16のいずれか一つに記載の使用。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2018030850A (ja) * | 2011-12-11 | 2018-03-01 | レクロ・ファーマ,インコーポレーテッド | 鼻腔内デクスメデトミジン組成物およびその使用方法 |
US10682311B2 (en) | 2011-12-11 | 2020-06-16 | Baudax Bio, Inc. | Intranasal dexmedetomidine compositions and methods of use thereof |
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