JP6265656B2 - 圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 - Google Patents
圧電材料、圧電素子、および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6265656B2 JP6265656B2 JP2013174677A JP2013174677A JP6265656B2 JP 6265656 B2 JP6265656 B2 JP 6265656B2 JP 2013174677 A JP2013174677 A JP 2013174677A JP 2013174677 A JP2013174677 A JP 2013174677A JP 6265656 B2 JP6265656 B2 JP 6265656B2
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- piezoelectric element
- piezoelectric
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- piezoelectric material
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8542—Alkali metal based oxides, e.g. lithium, sodium or potassium niobates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/135—Nozzles
- B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
- B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
- B41J2/14233—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of film type, deformed by bending and disposed on a diaphragm
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/495—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
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Description
下記一般式(1)で表わされるペロブスカイト型の金属酸化物と、前記金属酸化物1molに対して、Cuを0.30mol%以上2.00mol%以下含むことを特徴とする圧電材料である。
また上記課題を解決するための更なる手段は、第一の電極、圧電材料及び第二の電極を有する圧電素子であって、前記圧電材料が本発明の圧電材料であることを特徴とする圧電素子である。
本発明の圧電材料は、絶縁性の観点からペロブスカイト型金属酸化物を主相とすることが好ましい。上記組成式は、ABO3で表わされるペロブスカイト型構造に対応するものである。しかし、特定の元素の組み合わせや合成条件の下では、ペロブスカイト型金属酸化物の他に、例えば、Li4Na2Ti4Ba4Nb6O30で表わされるようなタングステンブロンズ型金属酸化物が不可避に生成される可能性がある。このような不純物相は、圧電材料の抵抗率を一桁以上低下させるため、可能な限り避けられるべきものではある。ペロブスカイト型金属酸化物が主相であるかどうかは、例えば、エックス線回折において、ペロブスカイト型金属酸化物に由来する最大の回折強度が、不純物相に由来する最大の回折強度の100倍以上であるか否かで判断できる。ペロブスカイト型金属酸化物のみから構成されていると、絶縁性が最も高くなるため好ましい。
(2) 非共振時、共振時でのインピーダンスの位相差が増加。
(3) 分極−電界ヒステリシス曲線測定で評価される残留分極値が増加。もしくは抗電界が減少。
(4) 電気機械結合係数が増加。
(5) 機械的品質係数が低下。
(6) ヤング率が低下。
(7) 誘電正接(tanδ)が低下。
(2) 粒子間の空隙(ポア)が減少する。
(3) ヤング率が増加する。
(4) 機械的品質係数が増加する。
本発明に係る液体吐出ヘッドは、前記圧電素子または前記積層圧電素子を配した振動部を備えた液室と、前記液室と連通する吐出口を少なくとも有することを特徴とする。本発明の液体吐出ヘッドによって吐出する液体は流動体であれば特に限定されず、水、インク、燃料などの水系液体や非水系液体を吐出することができる。
次に、本発明の液体吐出装置について説明する。本発明の液体吐出装置は、記録媒体の搬送部と前記液体吐出ヘッドを備えたものである。
本発明に係る超音波モータは、前記圧電素子または前記積層圧電素子を配した振動体と、前記振動体と接触する移動体とを少なくとも有することを特徴とする。図6は、本発明の超音波モータの構成の一実施態様を示す概略図である。本発明の圧電素子が単板からなる超音波モータを、図6(a)に示す。超音波モータは、振動子201、振動子201の摺動面に不図示の加圧バネによる加圧力で接触しているロータ202、ロータ202と一体的に設けられた出力軸203を有する。前記振動子201は、金属の弾性体リング2011、本発明の圧電素子2012、圧電素子2012を弾性体リング2011に接着する有機系接着剤2013(エポキシ系、シアノアクリレート系など)で構成される。本発明の圧電素子2012は、不図示の第一の電極と第二の電極によって挟まれた圧電材料で構成される。本発明の圧電素子に位相がπ/2異なる二相の交流電圧を印加すると、振動子201に屈曲進行波が発生し、振動子201の摺動面上の各点は楕円運動をする。この振動子201の摺動面にロータ202が圧接されていると、ロータ202は振動子201から摩擦力を受け、屈曲進行波とは逆の方向へ回転する。不図示の被駆動体は、出力軸203と接合されており、ロータ202の回転力で駆動される。圧電材料に電圧を印加すると、圧電横効果によって圧電材料は伸縮する。金属などの弾性体が圧電素子に接合している場合、弾性体は圧電材料の伸縮によって曲げられる。ここで説明された種類の超音波モータは、この原理を利用したものである。次に、積層構造を有した圧電素子を含む超音波モータを図6(b)に例示する。振動子204は、筒状の金属弾性体2041に挟まれた積層圧電素子2042よりなる。積層圧電素子2042は、不図示の複数の積層された圧電材料により構成される素子であり、積層外面に第一の電極と第二の電極、積層内面に内部電極を有する。金属弾性体2041はボルトによって締結され、圧電素子2042を挟持固定し、振動子204となる。圧電素子2042に位相の異なる交流電圧を印加することにより、振動子204は互いに直交する2つの振動を励起する。この二つの振動は合成され、振動子204の先端部を駆動するための円振動を形成する。なお、振動子204の上部にはくびれた周溝が形成され、駆動のための振動の変位を大きくしている。ロータ205は、加圧用のバネ206により振動子204と加圧接触し、駆動のための摩擦力を得る。ロータ205はベアリングによって回転可能に支持されている。
次に、本発明の光学機器について説明する。本発明の光学機器は、駆動部に前記超音波モータを備えたことを特徴とする。
粒子、粉体、液滴の搬送、除去等で利用される振動装置は、電子機器等で広く使用されている。
次に、本発明の撮像装置について説明する。本発明の撮像装置は、前記塵埃除去装置と撮像素子ユニットとを少なくとも有する撮像装置であって、前記塵埃除去装置の振動部材と前記撮像素子ユニットの受光面を同一軸上に順に設けた事を特徴とする。図12および図13は本発明の撮像装置の好適な実施形態の一例であるデジタル一眼レフカメラを示す図である。
カメラ本体601内には、撮影レンズを通過した撮影光束が導かれるミラーボックス605が設けられており、ミラーボックス605内にメインミラー(クイックリターンミラー)606が配設されている。メインミラー606は、撮影光束をペンタダハミラー(不図示)の方向へ導くために撮影光軸に対して45°の角度に保持される状態と、撮像素子(不図示)の方向へ導くために撮影光束から退避した位置に保持される状態とを取り得る。
ここで、本発明の撮像装置として、デジタル一眼レフカメラについて説明したが、例えばミラーボックス605を備えていないミラーレス型のデジタル一眼カメラのような撮影レンズユニット交換式カメラであってもよい。また、撮影レンズユニット交換式のビデオカメラや、複写機、ファクシミリ、スキャナ等の各種の撮像装置もしくは撮像装置を備える電子電気機器のうち、特に光学部品の表面に付着する塵埃の除去が必要な機器にも適用することができる。
次に、本発明の電子機器について説明する。本発明の電子機器は、前記圧電素子または前記積層圧電素子を備えた圧電音響部品を配したことを特徴とする。圧電音響部品にはスピーカ、ブザー、マイク、表面弾性波(SAW)素子が含まれる。
ニオブ酸ナトリウム(NaNbO3)、チタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3)、ニオブ酸リチウム(LiNbO3)、酸化銅(II)粉末を、Na、Ba、Li、Nb、Ti、Cu比が表1の実施例5記載の組成になるよう秤量した。秤量した原料粉末を混合し、ボールミルで一晩混合した。混合粉をアルミナ坩堝の中で950℃5h仮焼成した。仮焼成粉は再度、ボールミルで一晩粉砕・混合した。
実施例23と同様の手法で厚み50μmのグリーンシートを得た。上記グリーンシートに内部電極用の導電ペーストを印刷した。導電ペーストには、Niペーストを用いた。導電ペーストを塗布したグリーンシートを9枚積層して、その積層体を熱圧着した。
熱圧着した積層体を管状炉中で焼成した。焼成は300℃まで大気中で行い、脱バインダーを行った後、雰囲気を還元性雰囲気(H2:N2=2:98、酸素濃度2×10−6Pa)に切り替え、1150℃で5時間保持した。降温過程においては、1000℃以下から酸素濃度を30Paに切り替えて室温まで冷却した。
実施例5の圧電素子を用いて、図3に示される液体吐出ヘッドを作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が確認された。
実施例25の液体吐出ヘッドを用いて、図4に示される液体吐出装置を作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が記録媒体上に確認された。
実施例5の圧電素子を用いて、図6(b)に示される超音波モータを作製した。交流電圧の印加に応じたモータの回転が確認された。
実施例27の超音波モータを用いて、図7に示される光学機器を作製した。交流電圧の印加に応じたオートフォーカス動作が確認された。
実施例5の圧電素子を用いて、図9に示される塵埃除去装置を作製した。プラスチック製ビーズを散布し、交流電圧を印加したところ、良好な塵埃除去率が確認された。
実施例29の塵埃除去装置を用いて、図12に示される撮像装置を作製した。動作させたところ、撮像素子ユニットの表面の塵を良好に除去し、塵欠陥の無い画像が得られた。
実施例23の積層圧電素子を用いて、図3に示される液体吐出ヘッドを作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が確認された。
実施例31の液体吐出ヘッドを用いて、図4に示される液体吐出装置を作製した。入力した電気信号に追随したインクの吐出が記録媒体上に確認された。
実施例23の積層圧電素子を用いて、図6(b)に示される超音波モータを作製した。交流電圧の印加に応じたモータの回転が確認された。
実施例33の超音波モータを用いて、図7に示される光学機器を作製した。交流電圧の印加に応じたオートフォーカス動作が確認された。
実施例23の積層圧電素子を用いて、図9に示される塵埃除去装置を作製した。プラスチック製ビーズを散布し、交流電圧を印加したところ、良好な塵埃除去率が確認された。
実施例35の塵埃除去装置を用いて、図12に示される撮像装置を作製した。動作させたところ、撮像素子ユニットの表面の塵を良好に除去し、塵欠陥の無い画像が得られた。
実施例23の積層圧電素子を用いて、図14に示される電子機器を作製した。交流電圧の印加に応じたスピーカ動作が確認された。
2 圧電材料
3 第二の電極
101 圧電素子
102 個別液室
103 振動板
104 液室隔壁
105 吐出口
106 連通孔
107 共通液室
108 バッファ層
1011 第一の電極
1012 圧電材料
1013 第二の電極
201 振動子
202 ロータ
203 出力軸
204 振動子
205 ロータ
206 バネ
2011 弾性体リング
2012 圧電素子
2013 有機系接着剤
2041 金属弾性体
2042 積層圧電素子
310 塵埃除去装置
330 圧電素子
320 振動板
330 圧電素子
331 圧電材料
332 第1の電極
333 第2の電極
336 第1の電極面
337 第2の電極面
51 第一の電極
53 第二の電極
54 圧電材料層
55 内部電極
501 第一の電極
503 第二の電極
504 圧電材料層
505 内部電極
506a 外部電極
506b 外部電極
601 カメラ本体
602 マウント部
605 ミラーボックス
606 メインミラー
200 シャッタユニット
300 本体シャーシ
400 撮像素子ユニット
701 前群レンズ
702 後群レンズ(フォーカスレンズ)
711 着脱マウント
712 固定筒
713 直進案内筒
714 前群鏡筒
715 カム環
716 後群鏡筒
717 カムローラ
718 軸ビス
719 ローラ
720 回転伝達環
722 コロ
724 マニュアルフォーカス環
725 超音波モータ
726 波ワッシャ
727 ボールレース
728 フォーカスキー
729 接合部材
732 ワッシャ
733 低摩擦シート
881 液体吐出装置
882 外装
883 外装
884 外装
885 外装
887 外装
890 回復部
891 記録部
892 キャリッジ
896 装置本体
897 自動給送部
898 排出口
899 搬送部
901 光学装置
908 レリーズボタン
909 ストロボ発光部
912 スピーカ
914 マイク
916 補助光部
931 本体
932 ズームレバー
933 電源ボタン
Claims (16)
- 下記一般式(1)で表わされるペロブスカイト型の金属酸化物と、前記金属酸化物1molに対して、Cuを0.30mol%以上2.00mol%以下含むことを特徴とする圧電材料。
一般式(1)((Na1−zLiz)xBa1−y)(NbyTi1−y)O3(式中、0.70≦x≦0.99、0.75≦y≦0.99、0<z<0.15、x<y) - 前記一般式(1)において、0.75≦y≦0.89であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の圧電材料。
- 第一の電極、圧電材料部および第二の電極を少なくとも有する圧電素子であって、
前記圧電材料部を構成する圧電材料が請求項1または2に記載の圧電材料であることを特徴とする圧電素子。 - 圧電材料層と、内部電極を含む電極とが交互に積層された積層圧電素子であって、
前記圧電材料層を構成する圧電材料が請求項1または2に記載の圧電材料からなることを特徴とする積層圧電素子。 - 前記内部電極がAgとPdを含み、前記Agの含有重量M1と前記Pdの含有重量M2との重量比M1/M2が1.5≦M1/M2≦9.0であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の積層圧電素子。
- 前記内部電極がNiおよびCuの少なくともいずれか1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の積層圧電素子。
- 請求項4乃至6のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子の製造方法であって、
少なくともNa、Li、Ba、Nb、TiおよびCuを含んだ金属化合物を分散させてスラリーを得る工程(A)と、前記スラリーから成形体を得る工程(B)と、前記成形体に電極を形成する工程(C)と、前記金属化合物を含む成形体と前記電極とが交互に積層された形成された成形体を焼結して、積層圧電素子を得る工程(D)とを有し、前記工程(D)における焼結温度が1200℃以下であることを特徴とする積層圧電素子の製造方法。 - 請求項3に記載の圧電素子または請求項4乃至6のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を配した振動部を備えた液室と、前記液室と連通する吐出口を少なくとも有する液体吐出ヘッド。
- 記録媒体の搬送部と請求項8に記載の液体吐出ヘッドを備えた液体吐出装置。
- 請求項3に記載の圧電素子または請求項4乃至6のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を配した振動体と、前記振動体と接触する移動体とを少なくとも有する超音波モータ。
- 駆動部に請求項10に記載の超音波モータを備えた光学機器。
- 請求項3に記載の圧電素子または請求項4乃至6のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を振動板に配した振動体を有する振動装置。
- 請求項12に記載の振動装置を振動部に備えた塵埃除去装置。
- 請求項13に記載の塵埃除去装置と撮像素子ユニットとを少なくとも有する撮像装置であって、前記塵埃除去装置の振動板を前記撮像素子ユニットの受光面側に設けた事を特徴とする撮像装置。
- 請求項3に記載の圧電素子または請求項4乃至6のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を備えた圧電音響部品。
- 請求項3に記載の圧電素子または請求項4乃至6のいずれかに記載の積層圧電素子を備えた電子機器。
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JP5029711B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2012-09-19 | 日立電線株式会社 | 圧電薄膜素子及び圧電薄膜デバイス |
JP5679677B2 (ja) | 2010-02-24 | 2015-03-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | 積層型圧電素子およびこれを備えた噴射装置ならびに燃料噴射システム |
JP5605544B2 (ja) | 2010-03-10 | 2014-10-15 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 液体噴射ヘッド、液体噴射装置、並びに圧電素子及び圧電材料 |
JP5791370B2 (ja) | 2010-06-10 | 2015-10-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 圧電材料、圧電素子、液体吐出ヘッド、超音波モータおよび塵埃除去装置 |
JP5830252B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-22 | 2015-12-09 | Fdk株式会社 | 圧電材料 |
-
2013
- 2013-08-21 US US14/424,017 patent/US9780293B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-21 EP EP13767129.3A patent/EP2867930B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-08-21 WO PCT/JP2013/072928 patent/WO2014034693A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-21 CN CN201380045336.3A patent/CN104584248A/zh active Pending
- 2013-08-21 KR KR1020157006975A patent/KR101671134B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-23 TW TW102130264A patent/TWI535083B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-08-26 JP JP2013174677A patent/JP6265656B2/ja active Active
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KR20150046190A (ko) | 2015-04-29 |
KR101671134B1 (ko) | 2016-10-31 |
TW201411897A (zh) | 2014-03-16 |
US20150221857A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
US9780293B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
JP2014063994A (ja) | 2014-04-10 |
TWI535083B (zh) | 2016-05-21 |
EP2867930B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
CN104584248A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
EP2867930A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
WO2014034693A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
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