JP6218729B2 - 吸着材、該吸着材の製造方法、該吸着材を使用した汚染水及び固体状汚染物の浄化方法 - Google Patents
吸着材、該吸着材の製造方法、該吸着材を使用した汚染水及び固体状汚染物の浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6218729B2 JP6218729B2 JP2014514709A JP2014514709A JP6218729B2 JP 6218729 B2 JP6218729 B2 JP 6218729B2 JP 2014514709 A JP2014514709 A JP 2014514709A JP 2014514709 A JP2014514709 A JP 2014514709A JP 6218729 B2 JP6218729 B2 JP 6218729B2
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- plaster
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 161
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 81
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- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
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- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
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- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3014—Kneading
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Description
生石灰とゼオライトと高Caイオン含有水溶液とを混練し、組成割合の異なる4種類のゼオCa漆喰材料を作製した(実施例1〜4)。併せて比較例1としてゼオライトの代わりに石灰砂を用いた瀬戸漆喰材料を作製した。また比較例2〜5として高Caイオン含有水溶液の代わりに水を用いたゼオライト漆喰材料を作製した。
各漆喰材料を28日養生し、試験体(漆喰体)を作製した。この試験体を50mg切り取り、これを、硝酸セシウムCsNO3(和光純薬社製)を用いて作製した濃度10mg/Lのセシウム水溶液50mL中に投入し、25℃で24時間振とうした後の吸着量を調べた。セシウム水溶液の初期pHは、5.87であった。
実施例2と同じ組成割合のゼオCa漆喰材料を28日養生し、試験体(漆喰体)を作製した。この試験体を50mg切り取り、これを0.1mg/Lに調整した水溶液(含有金属:Fe,Pb,Sr,Cd,Na,Mg,K,Cr,As,Al,Zn,Ni,Ba,Mn,Cu,Cs,Bi)50mL中に投入し、25℃、100rpmで24時間振とうした。その後、0.45μmメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC社製)により吸引ろ過し、ろ液中のCs等の濃度を誘導結合プラズマ質量分析装置(ICP-MS、島津製作所社製)により測定した。
図7に吸着実験装置20を示した。厚さ40mm、縦横260mmの型枠内に上記漆喰材料を流し込んだ後、上面に塩化ビニル製パイプ23(直径150mm、高さ160mm)を10mm埋め込み、この状態で漆喰材料を28日気中養生し試験体(硬化体)21を作製した。
実施例2と同じ組成割合のゼオCa漆喰材料を28日養生し、厚さ30mmの試験体(ゼオCa漆喰板)を得た。実験装置は、吸着実験その3で使用した吸着実験装置20と同じであるが、塩化ビニル製パイプ23として高さ約600mm(直径100mm)の透明塩化ビニル製パイプを使用し、水溶液を500mmの高さまで張り込み実験を行った。なおこの吸着実験は、透水性を確認する透水実験も兼ねて行った。
各漆喰材料を60日気中養生し、曲げ試験及び圧縮試験用の試験体を作製した。曲げ試験用の試験体の形状は、40×40×160mmの角柱状、圧縮漆喰試験体の形状はφ50mm×100mmの円柱状とした。試験体の作製、曲げ強度試験と圧縮強度試験は、JISA1171(ポリマーセメントモルタルの試験方法)に準じた方法で行った。
3 床材
5 内装壁
7 外壁
9 天井
11 スプレーノズル
13 貯水槽
15 循環ポンプ
17 循環ライン
19 汚染土壌
20 吸着実験装置
21 試験体
23 塩化ビニル製パイプ
Claims (10)
- 生石灰及び/又は消石灰と、吸着剤と、Caイオン濃度が0.6〜2.0%であるCaイオン含有水溶液とを含む漆喰材料を硬化させてなる吸着材であって、
前記吸着材は、板状体であり、吸着能を有し、かつ透水性を有し、
前記漆喰材料の硬化中に表面に噴出する酸化カルシウムの結晶が除去されていることを特徴とする吸着材。 - さらに前記漆喰材料に珪藻土が含まれていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の吸着材。
- 前記吸着剤がゼオライトであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の吸着材。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の吸着材の製造方法であって、
前記漆喰材料を養生し硬化させる工程において、表面に酸化カルシウムの結晶が噴出したら該漆喰材料の裏表を反転させるステップと、
反転後の表面に酸化カルシウムの結晶が析出するまで養生するステップと、
両面に析出した酸化カルシウムの結晶を除去するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする吸着材の製造方法。 - 前記酸化カルシウムの結晶を除去するステップにおいて、酸化カルシウムの結晶の除去を水洗又は吸着材の表面の研削、研磨により行うことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の吸着材の製造方法。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の吸着材を用いた汚染水の浄化方法であって、
汚染水を前記吸着材を通過させ、前記汚染水に含まれる汚染物質を前記吸着材に吸着させ、汚染水を浄化することを特徴とする汚染水の浄化方法。 - 前記汚染物質が放射性物質及び/又は金属類であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の汚染水の浄化方法。
- 請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の吸着材を床材とし、該床材上に汚染土壌、汚染瓦礫などの固体状汚染物を堆積するステップと、
堆積した前記固体状汚染物の上部から散水し、前記固体状汚染物に含まれる汚染物質を水側に移行させることで固体状汚染物を浄化するステップと、
汚染物質を含む水を前記床材を通過させ、前記水に含まれる汚染物質を前記床材に吸着させるステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする固体状汚染物の浄化方法。 - 前記床材を通過した水を散水する水として循環使用することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の固体状汚染物の浄化方法。
- 汚染土壌、汚染瓦礫などの固体状汚染物が搬入、堆積され、堆積された前記固体状汚染物に散水され、前記固体状汚染物に含まれる汚染物質が水側に移行し固体状汚染物が浄化され、浄化された土壌、瓦礫などの固体状物が搬出される処分施設であって、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の吸着材で形成された床材と、
前記床材の下方に設けられた前記床材を通過した水を貯留する貯水槽と、
前記貯水槽の水を汲み上げ、前記床材上に堆積された前記固体状汚染物に散水する散水手段と、
を含むことを特徴とする処分施設。
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