JP6180487B2 - 電気化学素子 - Google Patents
電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6180487B2 JP6180487B2 JP2015213047A JP2015213047A JP6180487B2 JP 6180487 B2 JP6180487 B2 JP 6180487B2 JP 2015213047 A JP2015213047 A JP 2015213047A JP 2015213047 A JP2015213047 A JP 2015213047A JP 6180487 B2 JP6180487 B2 JP 6180487B2
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- hydrogen
- metal layer
- alloy
- hydrogen discharge
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 85
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
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- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
- H01G9/12—Vents or other means allowing expansion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Description
前記水素排出膜は、金属層を含み、
前記電解紙は、105℃で12時間加熱した時のジメチルジスルフィドの放出量が0.0004μg/cm2以下であることを特徴とする電気化学素子、に関する。
〔圧延法によるPd−Au合金層(Au含有量30mol%)の作製〕
インゴット中のAu含有量が30mol%となるようにPd及びAu原料をそれぞれ秤量し、水冷銅坩堝を備えたアーク溶解炉に投入し、大気圧のArガス雰囲気中でアーク溶解した。得られたボタンインゴットをロール径100mmの2段圧延機を用いて厚さ5mmになるまで冷間圧延して板材を得た。その後、ガラス管の中に圧延した板材を入れ、ガラス管の両端を封止した。ガラス管内部を室温で5×10−4Paまで減圧し、その後700℃まで昇温して24時間放置し、その後室温まで冷却した。この熱処理により、合金中のPd及びAuの偏析を解消した。次に、ロール径100mmの2段圧延機を用いて板材を厚さ100μmになるまで冷間圧延し、さらにロール径20mmの2段圧延機を用いて板材を厚さ20μmになるまで冷間圧延した。その後、ガラス管の中に圧延した板材を入れ、ガラス管の両端を封止した。ガラス管内部を室温で5×10−4Paまで減圧し、その後500℃まで昇温して1時間放置し、その後室温まで冷却した。この熱処理により、圧延によって生じたPd−Au合金内部のひずみを除去し、厚さ20μm、Au含有量30mol%のPd−Au合金層からなる水素排出膜を作製した。
製造例1で作製した水素排出膜、及びジメチルジスルフィドの放出量が0μg/cm2であるヘンプ紙を使用してアルミ電解コンデンサを作製した。
製造例1で作製した水素排出膜、及びジメチルジスルフィドの放出量が0.00034μg/cm2である、クラフト紙とヘンプ紙を積層した電解紙を使用してアルミ電解コンデンサを作製した。
製造例1で作製した水素排出膜、及びジメチルジスルフィドの放出量が0.00038μg/cm2である、クラフトパルプとマニラ麻パルプを混合して作製した電解紙を使用してアルミ電解コンデンサを作製した。
製造例1で作製した水素排出膜、及びジメチルジスルフィドの放出量が0.00045μg/cm2であるクラフト紙を使用してアルミ電解コンデンサを作製した。
(ジメチルジスルフィドの放出量の測定)
電解紙200cm2を20mlのバイアル瓶に入れ密栓した。次に、ヘッドスペースサンプラー(HSS)(Agilent Technologies製、G1888)を用いて105℃で12時間加熱を行い、発生したガス1mlをGC/MS/FPD(Agilent Technologies製、7890A/5975C)に注入して測定を行った。各装置の条件は以下の通りである。
HSS
オーブン温度:105℃
加熱時間:12h
GC/MS/FPD
・GC
カラム:HP-5MS UI 30m×0.25mm id×0.25μm film thickness
カラム温度:40℃(3min)→+20℃/min→300℃(4min)
キャリアーガス:He(3.0ml/min)
注入口:スプリット5:1
注入口温度:250℃
検出器:MS/FPD
・MS
イオン化法:EI法
電子エネルギー:70eV
E.M.電圧:1776V
イオンソース温度:230℃
インターフェイス温度:300℃
質量範囲:m/z=35〜800
・FPD…硫黄系化合物の選択検出
温度:200℃
H2流量:70ml/min
Air流量:100ml/min
製造例1で作製した水素排出膜をスウェージロック社製のVCRコネクターに取り付け、片側にSUSチューブを取り付け、密封された空間(63.5ml)を作製した。チューブ内を真空ポンプで減圧後、水素ガスの圧力が0.15MPaになるように調整し、105℃の環境下での圧力変化をモニターした。圧力変化により水素排出膜を透過した水素モル数(体積)がわかるため、これを1日当たりの透過量に換算して水素透過量を算出した。例えば、2時間で圧力が0.15MPaから0.05MPaに変化した場合(変化量0.10MPa)、水素排出膜を透過した水素体積は63.5mlになる。よって、1日当たりの水素透過量は63.5×24/2=762ml/dayとなる。水素排出膜の水素透過量は、10ml/day以上であることが好ましく、100ml/day以上であることがより好ましい。
密閉されたSUS缶内に、実施例及び比較例で用いた電解紙50gにエチレングリコールを含浸した試料をそれぞれ入れ、製造例1で作製した水素排出膜(15mm×15mm)をSUS缶の蓋から吊り下げた。105℃で12時間熱処理を行い、試料から発生したガスを水素排出膜の表面に曝露させた。その後、前記と同様の方法で水素透過性の評価を行った。
実施例及び比較例で作製したアルミ電解コンデンサに、雰囲気温度105℃で400Vの電圧印加を500時間行った。その後、アルミ電解コンデンサのアルミケースの変形を目視で確認した。
〇:アルミケースの形状変化なし
×:アルミケースの膨れあり
2:金属層
3:接着剤
4:支持体
5:治具
6:コンデンサ素子
7:陽極箔
8:陰極箔
9:電解紙(セパレータ)
10:リード線
11:封口体
12:ケース
Claims (7)
- 水素排出膜を備えており、かつ電解紙を介して陽極と陰極が積層された積層体を有する電気化学素子であって、
前記水素排出膜は、金属層を含み、
前記金属層は、Pd合金を含む合金層であり、
前記電解紙は、105℃で12時間加熱した時のジメチルジスルフィドの放出量が0.0004μg/cm2以下であることを特徴とする電気化学素子。 - 前記Pd合金は、第11族元素を20〜65mol%含む請求項1記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記第11族元素は、Au、Ag、及びCuからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項2記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記水素排出膜は、金属層の片面又は両面に支持体を有する請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電解紙は、非木材系パルプを用いた電解紙である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記非木材系パルプは、ヘンプ紙である請求項5記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電気化学素子が、アルミ電解コンデンサ又はリチウムイオン電池である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の電気化学素子。
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