JP6114694B2 - 自動化された再使用可能な並行生物反応のための系および方法 - Google Patents
自動化された再使用可能な並行生物反応のための系および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6114694B2 JP6114694B2 JP2013532882A JP2013532882A JP6114694B2 JP 6114694 B2 JP6114694 B2 JP 6114694B2 JP 2013532882 A JP2013532882 A JP 2013532882A JP 2013532882 A JP2013532882 A JP 2013532882A JP 6114694 B2 JP6114694 B2 JP 6114694B2
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Description
本出願は、2010年10月4日に出願された標題「Integrated System and Methods for Polynucleotide Extraction,Amplification and Sequencing」の米国仮特許出願第61/389,490号明細書;2010年10月4日に出願された標題「Magnetic Arrays for Emulsion−Free Polynucleotide Amplification and Sequencing」の米国仮特許出願第61/389,484号明細書;2011年2月15日に出願された標題「Chamber−Free Gene Electronic Sequencing Technologies」の米国仮特許出願第61/443,167号明細書;および2011年5月27日に出願された標題「Methods and Systems for Nucleic Acid Sequencing」の米国仮特許出願第61/491,081号明細書の優先権および恩典を主張し、それらのそれぞれは参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、Department of Health and Human ServicesとともにIRSにより付与されたQualifying Therapeutic Discovery Grantの下、政府支援を受けて行われた。米国政府は本発明において特定の権利を有する。
本発明は、ポリヌクレオチド増幅および配列分析のための磁気アレイおよび磁気アレイを使用する方法を提供し、それにより、迅速で簡便な、および/または低コストのDNAシーケンシングを提供する。磁気アレイは、アレイを形成するために基板上に複数の磁気領域を有する基板を含み得、局在磁場は、本明細書に記載の磁気ビーズをトラップするために十分である。局在磁気フィーチャは、永久磁性材料(例えば、強磁性体)から形成することができ、または非永久的であり得、電場により磁化(および消磁)することができる。
一組のシーケンシングサイクルが完了した後、プライマーを除去し、置き換えることができる。緩衝液条件は、ビオチンストレプトアビジン結合を弱めるように変化させることができ、例えば低pHにおける高濃度のGuHClであり;あるいは、温度を70C超に上昇させてビオチンストレプトアビジン結合を破壊することができる。より低温を低イオン強度緩衝液、例えばマイクロモル濃度の塩濃度を有する緩衝液とともに使用することもできる。上記の組合せ、例えばより高温および低イオン強度緩衝液を利用することもできる。同様に、チオール結合を高温において破壊することができる。攻撃的手段を利用することができる。それというのも、ポリメラーゼおよびDNAへの損傷がもはや起こり得ないためであり、それというのも、シーケンシング反応は既に完了しているためである。一実施形態において、有機試薬を利用して伸長したプライマーと表面との間の結合、例えば共有結合を破壊することができる。伸長したプライマーを除去した後、新プライマーをセンサ上の容量にフローさせることができ、デバイスを別の組のDNA試料に対する別の組のシーケンシングサイクルに再度使用することが可能となる。前記新プライマーは、単相液体中で結合させることができる。前記新プライマーは、プライマーのセンサへの結合または会合を支援する、前記プライマーを含有する流体中に含まれる追加の試薬も有し得る。新プライマーを増幅反応において利用して本明細書に記載の後続の配列分析のための新クローン集団を発生させることができる。前記増幅は、PCRまたは等温増幅であり得る。
図3および4は、成長するDNA鎖中へのヌクレオチドの取り込みに関与する反応の概略説明であり、ピロリン酸の放出ならびに付随するpH増加および放熱を示す。本明細書に記載のとおり、統合シーケンシングプラットフォームは、pH変化または電荷濃度または移動度を電子工学的に検出してDNAを「電気的にシーケンシングする」するように構成された電子センシング下位系を含み得る。他の実施形態において、電子センシング下位系は、この反応から生じる温度変化を電子工学的に検出してDNAを「電気的にシーケンシングする」ように構成することができる。
磁気または常磁気ビーズまたは粒子は、磁気アレイによりセンシング領域にわたりまたはそれに近接する定位置でホールドすることができ、局在磁場のアレイを形成する。保持された磁気または常磁気ビーズは、DNAの単一クローン集団を有し得る。前記ビーズは、それぞれのセンサにわたり1つのみのビーズに十分な余地が存在するようにサイズ化することができ、したがってセンサとビーズとの間の一対一対応を提供する。それぞれのセンサにわたり1つのみのビーズのための余地が存在し得るが、ビーズをセンサにわたり整列させる場合、ビーズ間の追加の距離が存在し得、センサ間のクロストークの低減をもたらす。
一実施形態において、磁気アレイは、局在磁場のそれぞれの周囲に電場を作出し、それによりテンプレートDNA、ポリヌクレオチドおよびdNTPを局在磁場周囲で濃縮し(例えば、電気浸透、電気泳動または誘電泳動力による)、それによりポリヌクレオチド増幅または重合反応を高めるように位置された電極を含み得る。電場は、PCRまたはシーケンシングプロセスの間にアレイの領域間の隔離を作出し、DNA鎖および/もしくはヌクレオチドもしくは他の荷電分子をクローンPCRのためのビーズに導き、ならびに/またはヌクレオチドをシーケンシングのためのDNAコートされたビーズに導き得る。例えば、電極をビーズ捕捉位置下およびビーズ捕捉領域を包囲するいくつかの位置、例えば円形または正方形配置で位置させて重合反応を高めることができる。シーケンシング分析のための磁気アレイは、記載の非磁気基板上で作出することができる。画素化構造であり得る読出し電気回路およびオンチップ増幅器は、基板上に実装することができる。続いて、図10に示される、反応の微小環境と直接または間接的に接触し得る個々のナノセンサを製作することができる。磁気バーアレイ1006は、局在磁場を発生させてビーズをセンサ1008に近接させて会合させる。任意選択の付随の増幅器1004は、統合デバイス1002の一部として図10に示されるとおりセンサ層の上方または下方に製作することができる。マイクロ流体チャネルを構造中に埋設することができる。チップは、データ収集ユニットと作動可能に接続させることができる。他の実施形態において、ビーズ捕捉フィーチャ中のビーズ保持は、局在電場を利用して生じ得る。一部の実施形態において、ビーズまたは粒子は非磁性であり得る。さらに別の実施形態は、電場をビーズ捕捉フィーチャ、センサまたは他の所望の位置のそれぞれの周囲に作出するように位置させた電極を含み得、それによりテンプレートDNA、ポリヌクレオチドおよびdNTPを濃縮して(例えば、電気浸透、電気泳動または誘電泳動力による)、それによりポリヌクレオチド増幅または重合反応を高める。電場は、PCRまたはシーケンシングプロセスの間にアレイの領域間の隔離を作出し、DNA鎖および/もしくはヌクレオチドもしくは他の荷電分子をクローンPCRのためのビーズに導き、ならびに/またはヌクレオチドをシーケンシングのためのDNAコートされたビーズに導き得る。
本発明の一実施形態において、磁気バーおよび電極アレイは、磁場およびまたは電場によりアレイの領域を隔離することにより磁気ビーズ上でDNA断片をクローン増幅するエマルジョンフリー法を提供する。ビーズ上でのクローン増幅は、一般に、参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第7,323,305号明細書に記載されている。本発明は、DNA鎖を増幅の間ビーズ、粒子またはセンサの表面上に固定化し、それによりDNA鎖の他のビーズ、粒子、またはセンサへの拡散をさらに防止するブリッジ増幅を用い得る。
図6および12に説明されるとおり、センサアレイに、誘電泳動濃縮を実施するために利用することができる電極の追加のアレイを提供することができる。誘電泳動濃縮を最初に実施して試料DNA1206dNTP1210、プライマー、およびポリメラーゼ1208をそれぞれのセンサまたは増幅領域に引き付けることができ、利用すべきそれぞれの前記部分のより低い濃度を許容する。次いで、増幅を、試料DNA分子を局在化することができるそれぞれのセンサの領域中で開始することができる。電場を発生させた仮想ウェルは、アンプリコンがある仮想ウェルから離れ、別の仮想ウェルに移動し、交差汚染が発生するのを防止し得る。同様の様式において、アンプリコンを局在化するために使用される場は、アンプリコン、プライマー、およびポリメラーゼもセンサの領域または増幅領域に濃縮し得る。
多くのプロジェクトはチップの全使用を要求しないため、複数試料を単一チップ中にロードすることが望ましいことがある。一実施形態において、試料をチップアセンブリ中に統合されたバルブを使用してチップ上の壁により分離された個々の帯域中に指向することができる。そのようなバルブは、流体路中に統合されたポリジメチルシロキサンPDMSバルブであり得る。別の実施形態において、試料をチップ上の壁により分離された別個の帯域中に、チップアセンブリ上の多重インプットを有するチップアセンブリから分離されたバルブを使用して指向することができる。別の実施形態において、別個のインプットおよびアウトプットを有する別個の帯域が存在し得る。別の実施形態において、試料は局所電場を使用してチップまたはフローセル上の別個の帯域中に指向することができる。正電場(positive field)を印加してDNAまたはDNAコートされたビーズを所望の領域に引き付けることができる一方、負電場(negative field)を印加してDNAまたはDNAコートされたビーズを不所望の領域から遠ざけることができる。別の実施形態において、試料を別個の帯域中に電磁石を使用して指向して磁気または常磁性ビーズを分離することができる。別の実施形態において、試料を、個々のレーン中に自己シーリングポートを使用して送達することができる。自己シーリングポートは、ゴム隔膜および針を含み得る。
図17は、シーケンシング反応において使用することができるセンサのアレイ中のセンサ上で増幅された領域の使用を説明する。DNA試料1702をアレイ系1710中に運び入れ、アレイは、センサ領域1710に付着、結合または会合させることができる予備局在ビーズ、またはプライマー1708のいずれかを用いて構成することができる。ポリメラーゼ1704、dNTP1706および追加のプライマーを同時に、予めまたは続いてアレイに導入することができる。増幅反応1712が完了した後、センサアレイ上の容量を洗浄し、アンプリコン、ポリメラーゼ、およびdNTPを除去し、アレイ位置に付随している局所的に結合会合または付着したクローンの組をもたらす。次いで、ポリメラーゼ1718、プライマー1714、および個々のdNTP1706をセンサアレイ上の容量中にフローさせることができ、結合、取り込み、および取り込みイベントの検出を許容し、異なる増幅された試料DNA分子の配列の決定をもたらす。シーケンシング反応に使用されるポリメラーゼ1718は、増幅反応に使用されるものと同一のタイプのポリメラーゼ1704であり得、または異なるタイプのポリメラーゼであり得る。
図19の一部は、クローンDNAを有する磁気または常磁性ビーズを、会合した増幅生成物を有さない、および/または不完全な増幅および/または短いクローンを有する磁気または常磁性ビーズから分離し得る系の概略説明を示す。次いで、結合したクローン増幅されたDNAセグメントを有する磁気または常磁性ビーズ1934をシーケンシング系中に運搬することができ、大部分が増幅されたDNAを欠く磁気または常磁性ビーズ1934を廃棄チャンバに運搬し、ならびに/またはPCRおよびエンリッチメント系内に保持することができるように、磁気ビーズ1934を分離することができる。分離または「エンリッチメント」は、電場をPCRおよびエンリッチメント系の一部を横断して印加して電気泳動フローを誘導することにより生成することができる。したがって、増幅されたDNAを有する磁気または常磁性ビーズ1934は、高荷電であり、大部分が増幅されたDNAを欠く磁気常磁性ビーズ1934から効率的に分離することができる。この様式において、シーケンシング系に送達される試料は、シーケンシングに望ましい長さのDNA鎖を有する増幅されたDNAを有する実質的に唯一のビーズを含み得る。同様に記述されるとおり、シーケンシング系に送達される試料は、100%に接近するクローンビーズの割合を含み得る。クローンビーズの分離は、非磁性ビーズまたは任意の他のタイプのビーズであり得、その表面は荷電分子によりコートされ、またはされていない。
図19は、統合シーケンシングプラットフォームの概略説明である。統合シーケンシングプラットフォームは、DNA抽出系、ライブラリー構築系、増幅系 エンリッチメント系、およびシーケンシング系(本明細書に記載の電気的検出系または「センシングユニット」を含み得る)を含み得る。別個の系として概略的に示されるが、統合シーケンシングプラットフォームは、それらの系の全てを単一のマイクロ流体/マイクロ電子デバイス(または「チップ」)内に含み得る。系のそれぞれを以下により詳細に記載する。
Claims (15)
- 核酸サンプルをシーケンシングする方法であって、
a.複数の粒子を提供することであって、前記複数の粒子のそれぞれが、前記核酸サンプルから生じた、平均して1つ未満の核酸分子に結合していることと、
b.前記粒子に結合した前記核酸分子にハイブリダイズするプライマーを用いて核酸増幅反応を行うことであって、これにより、前記複数の粒子の少なくとも一部に結合した、クローン核酸分子を生成することと、
c.前記クローン核酸分子にハイブリダイズするプライマーを用いて、核酸伸長反応を行うことと、
d.流体環境中で、複数のセンサを備えるセンサアレイを用いて、前記粒子のそれぞれの局所的なインピーダンス変化を検出して、前記クローン核酸分子のそれぞれの配列を決定して、前記核酸サンプルをシーケンスすることと、
を含み、
前記複数のセンサにおける個々のセンサが少なくとも2つの電極を備え、
前記検出の間、前記少なくとも2つの電極が前記流体環境にさらされ、
前記複数のセンサのそれぞれが、前記複数の粒子の中の一つの粒子と会合する、
方法。 - 前記核酸増幅反応が、エマルジョンフリーである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記b.の次に、クローン核酸分子を担持する粒子を、クローン核酸分子を担持しない粒子から分離することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記b.が前記センサアレイに隣接して捕捉された前記複数の粒子で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の粒子がビーズである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の粒子が磁気ビーズである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記c.において、前記複数の粒子が磁気的に固定化されている、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸伸長反応が、シーケンシング前のヌクレオチドの核酸鎖中への取り込みを含み、前記核酸鎖が前記粒子に会合している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 個々のセンサ、粒子、又は粒子に担持された核酸分子、の表面のデバイ長内で、前記個々のセンサが、前記複数の粒子の中の粒子の前記局所的なインピーダンス変化を測定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記局所的なインピーダンス変化を測定している間、前記少なくとも2つの電極がそれぞれ、個々のセンサ、粒子、又は粒子に担持された核酸分子、の表面の前記デバイ長内にある、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸増幅反応が、前記複数の粒子に電場をかけながら行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電場が、DCおよびACコンポーネントを有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記電場を、前記複数の粒子のそれぞれの周囲のテンプレートDNA断片、プライマー、ポリメラーゼ、およびdNTPの1つ以上を隔離または濃縮するように適合させる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記電場が、核酸増幅反応の生成物を隔離または濃縮するようにかけられる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のセンサが、実質的に平面なセンサアレイの一部である、請求項1に記載の方法。
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