JP6113393B2 - 機能的色素沈着皮膚同等物 - Google Patents
機能的色素沈着皮膚同等物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6113393B2 JP6113393B2 JP2009062725A JP2009062725A JP6113393B2 JP 6113393 B2 JP6113393 B2 JP 6113393B2 JP 2009062725 A JP2009062725 A JP 2009062725A JP 2009062725 A JP2009062725 A JP 2009062725A JP 6113393 B2 JP6113393 B2 JP 6113393B2
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Description
‐組換えヒトまたは真菌チロシナーゼ(生化学的のみ、非細胞モデル)のin tuboでの阻害(Virador Analytical Biochem 1999);
‐正常メラノサイト、またはメラノーマに由来するメラノサイトの単層単一培養物(Virador Analytical Biochem 1999, Ni-komatsu JID 2007);
‐正常または固定化ヒトメラノサイト-ケラチノサイトの単層共培養物(Regnier Cell Mol Biol 1999, Yoon Pigment Cell Res 2003);
‐死んだ脱表皮化真皮上または不活性ポリカーボネートフィルター上の色素沈着再構成真皮:メラノサイトおよびケラチノサイトのみより構築される3次元モデル。
(a) 前記薬剤はin vitro皮膚同等物に適用され、前記皮膚同等物は、構成的にメラニンを生産するメラノサイトを含む少なくとも1つの表皮同等物、ならびに生きた線維芽細胞を含む少なくとも1つの真皮同等物を含み、ならびに
(b) 評価される薬剤が適用されているin vitro皮膚同等物の色素沈着(i)が、薬剤にさらされていない対照皮膚同等物の色素沈着(ii)と比較される
ことにより特徴づけられる。
- 皮膚同等物の色素沈着および/または着色、ならびにメラニンの量および性質、ならびにケラチノサイトへの移送、およびケラチノサイトにおける分解;例えば、直接または間接分光比色法(輝度およびITAの測定)による、選択的分光法(メクサメーター(mexameter)測定)による、シアスコピー法(siascopy)による、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)測定(DHIメラニン、DHICAメラニン、フェオメラニン(pheomelanin)の測定)による、ソルエン(soluene)または水酸化ナトリウムで皮膚を溶解した後の可視光吸光光度分析による、Fontana-Massonでメラニンを染色した後のイメージ解析による、共焦点および多光子イメージングによる、電子常磁性共鳴による、透過電子顕微鏡による方法が言及されてよい;
- メラノサイト中で生産され、ケラチノサイトへ移送され、および/またはケラチノサイトで分解されるメラノソームの数、形状、および成熟度;
- 例えば、pmel-17、チロシナーゼ、TRP-1、TRP-2 (DCT)、MATP、タンパク質P MART-1、SCL117A、SLC24A5 (nckx5)、OA1のようなメラノソームのタンパク質の量、成熟度、および/または酵素活性;
- メラノサイトの数、分散、形態(樹状突起様);
- メラニン合成、樹状突起中の移動、およびケラチノサイトへのメラニンおよびメラノソームの移送の経路に関わる、膜、細胞質および核レベルでのレセプター、分子、転写因子の量、成熟度、および/または酵素活性。例として、MC1-R、m-KIT、ETB-R、ETA-R、MITF、USF-1、SOX10、ミオシンVa、Rho、Rac、Rab27A、メラノフィリンが言及されてよい。
- 色素沈着に関わる主要関係細胞、すなわちメラノサイト、ならびに主要細胞パートナー:ケラチノサイトおよび線維芽細胞を含む。
- 細胞パートナー、真皮-表皮接合および細胞外マトリックスの間に天然に存在する接触および影響を尊重し、可能とするために、皮膚の三次元組織化を再生産する。
- 生理現象を再生産する条件下で機能的である、すなわち、基底状態で色素沈着し(構成的色素沈着)、紫外線または色素沈着剤により刺激されることができる
という特徴を有するモデルを取得することが可能であることが発見された。
表皮同等物の上部層は、基底層直上層、顆粒層、または角層に相当する層の少なくとも1つを意味するものとして理解される。
本発明のある特定の態様によれば、例えばしみ(化学的ほくろ)、肝斑、白斑、母斑、色素性乾皮症または悪性黒色腫のような皮膚病理に由来するケラチノサイトもまた使用してよい。それらのケラチノサイトは一般に、ある遺伝子群を過剰発現または過少発現する改変ケラチノサイトであってもよい。
これらのメラノサイトは表皮同等物中に均一に分散する、すなわちそれらの分散密度は、前記真皮同等物の表面に並行な平面で実質的に一定であり、ヒト皮膚で見られる密度に実質的に類似している。そして全てのメラノサイトは本発明による表皮同等物基底層にあり、再構成の質を保証する表皮同等物の基底層直上層および角層にメラノサイトは存在しない。
- 巨視的色:紫外線にさらされる皮膚は、さらされない皮膚よりもはるかに色が黒い:この色素化の巨視的刺激を、輝度の減少(DL = 4.38)により定量化する。
- メラノサイト濃度:紫外線照射後のメラノサイト濃度は、正常皮膚におけるように増大する。
- メラニンの量:紫外線照射後に色素化は実際に刺激される:メラニンの量は増加し、この増加を、Fontana-Masson染色(メラニン顆粒を明示するために染色する)後のイメージ解析により、あるいはソルエンまたは水酸化ナトリウムで抽出したあとのアッセイにより定量化する。
a) 線維芽細胞とコラーゲン溶液とを接触させ、その後十分な期間インキュベートして、その中に線維芽細胞が分散している収縮コラーゲンマトリックスを取得し、真皮同等物を構成する工程、
b) ケラチノサイトおよびメラノサイトの混合物と一緒に、a)で取得された真皮同等物を播種し、液体培地中に浸して培養する工程、
c) b)で取得された培養物全体(真皮同等物上に播種されたケラチノサイトおよびメラノサイト)が出現し、空気-液体界面で培養を継続して、メラノサイトを含み、コラーゲンマトリックス中に線維芽細胞を含む真皮同等物上にあり、皮膚同等物を構成する多層化表皮同等物を取得する工程
を含む:。
- 外科用メスを使用して皮下組織を除去する;
- 抗菌処理(例えば:ゲンタマイシン)により皮膚サンプルを除菌する;
- タンパク質分解処理(例えば:トリプシンおよびディスパーゼ)、ならびにその後の解剖により真皮を表皮より分離する;
- 続けて、0.05%トリプシン、および0.02% EDTAの溶液の存在下で細胞の分離を促進する;10%血清を含むDMEM培養培地を添加することにより、トリプシンの効果を中和する;
- 細胞懸濁物を均質化し、続けてRheinwald and Green (Cell, 1975)の技術によりケラチノサイト培養培地中で洗浄する。
- 線維芽細胞、細胞外マトリックスタンパク質、および真皮-表皮接合の要素。それに応じて、これらの誘導性因子または改変は、直接メラノサイトを刺激することができ、および/または間接的にケラチノサイトを刺激することができ、その後メラノサイトを刺激するであろう;
- その後線維芽細胞、細胞外マトリックスタンパク質、および真皮-表皮接合の要素、その結果色素沈着を制御するケラチノサイト。
- 脱色素沈着剤、抗色素沈着剤
- 前色素沈着剤(単独または紫外線を伴う色素沈着のアクチベーター)。
選択される薬剤は、色素沈着の制御が参照基質に対して測定される制御に少なくとも同等である薬剤であろう。
- 線維芽細胞、細胞外マトリックスのタンパク質、および真皮-表皮接合の要素。それに応じて、これらの誘導性因子または改変は、直接メラノサイトを刺激することができ、および/または間接的にケラチノサイトを刺激することができ、その後メラノサイトを刺激するであろう;
- その後線維芽細胞、細胞外マトリックスのタンパク質、および真皮-表皮接合の要素、その結果色素沈着を制御するケラチノサイト。
- これらの病理から単離される、または遺伝的に改変されている(サイレンシング、過剰発現など)細胞(メラノサイト、ならびにケラチノサイトまたは線維芽細胞)を使用して、例えば白斑、悪性黒色腫、母斑、化学的ほくろ、肝斑のような過剰色素沈着または色素沈着低下に由来する細胞の色素沈着に対する影響力を試験する
- ケラチノサイトまたは線維芽細胞の破壊(病理ケラチノサイトまたは線維芽細胞)の色素沈着に対する影響を試験する
- 色素沈着に対する細胞外マトリックスの破壊(糖化、架橋)、細胞外マトリックスの巨大分子の酸化、または巨大分子の性質、量、および比率の改変の影響を試験する。
格子の調製(D-4)
真皮同等物を、ウシI型コラーゲンおよび真皮由来のヒト線維芽細胞と調製する。
格子の収縮後、ケラチノサイトおよびメラノサイトを真皮同等物上に播種する。
浸潤培養の7日後、皮膚をスクリーン(空気-液体界面)上で抽水する。培地を、2日ごとに交換する。
抽水の7日後、前記皮膚はヒト皮膚の組織構造および三次元構造に近い組織構造および三次元構造を提示する。
モデルにより、最も色素沈着されないものから最も多く色素沈着されるもの(適切なモデル)まで、種々のメラノサイト系統を統合することができ、
多かれ少なかれ色素沈着される再構成皮膚の表現型は、使用されるメラノサイト型(生理は維持される)に対応する。実際、メラノサイトがより色素沈着されるほど(M03からM504まで)、巨視的な皮膚の色はより強力になり、切片に見えるメラニンの量もより多くなる。この巨視的な色素沈着を、輝度の減少は反映する(図2、輝度)。
抽水の7日目より開始して、再構成皮膚を太陽紫外線にさらし、色素沈着を誘導する。太陽シミュレーターを使用する:太陽のスペクトル(UVB/UVA比が14)に匹敵するスペクトルを有するUVB光線およびUVA光線が太陽シミュレーターによりもたらされる。2日に一回、計3回皮膚をUVB光線にさらす。最後の照射から48時間後に皮膚を除去する。太陽シミュレーターへさらすことのない対照条件を実施する。
抽水相から始まり、50 nMの濃度である培地中に設置され、既知の前色素沈着剤αMSHの存在下で、18日後に採取される皮膚は、巨視的にみてより色素沈着している。処理されない皮膚とαMSHで処理された皮膚の間で輝度を6.7倍減少させたことから、輝度測定によりこの褐色化が確認された(図4、輝度)。
Claims (15)
- 薬剤の色素沈着を制御する能力の評価方法であって、
(A) 前記薬剤をin vitro皮膚同等物に適用することであって、
前記in vitro皮膚同等物が、少なくとも1つの基底層および少なくとも1つの表層を形成するケラチノサイトを含む少なくとも1つの表皮同等物、ならびに少なくとも1つの真皮同等物を含み、
前記皮膚同等物が、構成的にメラニンを生産するメラノサイト、および生きた線維芽細胞を含み、全てのメラノサイトが表皮同等物の基底層にある、
前記薬剤をin vitro皮膚同等物に適用すること、
(B) 評価される薬剤を適用しているin vitro皮膚同等物の色素沈着(i)を、薬剤にさらされていない対照皮膚同等物の色素沈着(ii)と比較すること、
(C) (B)における色素沈着(i)及び(ii)の各々を、染色を使用することによって測定すること
を特徴とし、
真皮同等物中において、真皮同等物の表面に対して縦方向に方向付けられる線維芽細胞のパーセンテージが50%未満であり、
真皮同等物がI型コラーゲンのマトリックスを含み、そのマトリックス中に線維芽細胞が分散しており、
前記in vitro皮膚同等物が、
a) 線維芽細胞とコラーゲン溶液とを接触させ、その後十分な時間インキュベートして、その中に線維芽細胞が分散している収縮コラーゲンマトリックスを取得し、真皮同等物を構成する工程、
b) a)で取得した真皮同等物上において、真皮同等物にケラチノサイトとメラノサイトの混合物を播種し、液体培地中に浸して培養する工程、
c) b)で取得した真皮同等物上にケラチノサイトとメラノサイトの培養物が出現し、空気-液体界面で培養を継続して、メラノサイトを含み、コラーゲンマトリックス中に線維芽細胞を含む真皮同等物上にあり、皮膚同等物を構成する多層化表皮同等物を取得する工程
を含む、
皮膚同等物を調製する方法によって調製され、
皮膚同等物を調製する工程c)の後に、凍結乾燥等による前記真皮同等物又は前記コラーゲンマトリックスを非収縮化するためのいかなる処理も行われない、
評価方法。 - メラノサイトが、ヒト皮膚に由来するメラノサイトであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の評価方法。
- 色素沈着活性化剤および/または紫外線へさらすことにより色素沈着が増大することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の評価方法。
- メラノサイトが、大人の皮膚から取得するヒトメラノサイトであり、事前に増殖させることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- ケラチノサイトおよび線維芽細胞が大人の皮膚から取得されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- IV型コラーゲン、ラミニン、および/またはエンタクチンの存在下で工程a)を実行することを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 皮膚同等物の少なくとも一部と直接接触させることにより、前記薬剤を皮膚同等物に適用することを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 前記皮膚同等物が、色素疾患に由来する線維芽細胞および/またはケラチノサイトおよび/またはメラノサイトを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 前記薬剤が色素沈着阻害剤であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 評価する薬剤を、過剰色素沈着を提示する領域の皮膚同等物に適用することを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 前記評価する薬剤が色素沈着促進剤であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 皮膚同等物がさらに紫外線にさらされ、評価する薬剤の適用前に、適用と同時に、および/または適用後に、紫外線を適用する、あるいは対照皮膚同等物と同等の時間紫外線を適用することを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 評価する薬剤を適用しているin vitro皮膚同等物の色素沈着(i)をまた、色素沈着促進剤または色素沈着阻害剤参照基質を適用している皮膚同等物の色素沈着(iii)とも比較することを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 評価する薬剤が、ケラチノサイト、線維芽細胞、細胞外マトリックスの構成要素、および/または真皮-表皮接合に対して、少なくとも部分的に作用することを通して色素沈着を制御することを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
- 評価する薬剤が、少なくとも1種類の日焼け防止剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の評価方法。
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FR2612938B1 (fr) | 1987-03-26 | 1989-06-23 | Cird | Procede d'obtention d'un equivalent de peau et equivalent de peau correspondant |
DE69228055T2 (de) * | 1991-02-28 | 1999-05-20 | Anticancer Inc., San Diego, Calif. | Ein gewebekulturverfahren für haut im natürlichen zustand |
FR2689904B1 (fr) | 1992-04-08 | 1994-12-16 | Martin Rosdy | Test de bronzage épidermique in vitro. |
AU5116593A (en) | 1993-10-08 | 1995-05-04 | Martin Rosdy | In vitro human epidermal sun-tanning test |
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JP2004535792A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2004-12-02 | ザ ジェネラル ホスピタル コーポレーション | チロシナーゼアッセイ法 |
US7429391B2 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2008-09-30 | Access Business Group International Llc | Holistic composition and method for reducing skin pigmentation |
FR2879747A1 (fr) * | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-23 | Oreal | Procede d'evaluation in vitro du potentiel protecteur contre la photoimmunosuppression ou du caractere photosensibilisant de produits ou de compositions. |
FR2879474B1 (fr) | 2004-12-16 | 2008-06-13 | Air Liquide | Procede d'epuration d'un melange entrant comportant du dioxyde de carbone (co2) et du monoxyde de carbone (co) en vue de l'elimination du monoxyde de carbone (co) contenu dans ce melange |
KR100806695B1 (ko) * | 2005-11-25 | 2008-02-27 | 주식회사 엠씨티티 | 색소화 질환 치료용 세포치료 약제학적 조성물 |
FR2903702B1 (fr) * | 2006-07-13 | 2012-10-19 | Oreal | Equivalent d'epiderme capable de se pigmenter obtenu a partir de cellules de la matrice, procede de preparation et utilisation |
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CA2658074A1 (fr) | 2009-09-17 |
EP2103687B1 (fr) | 2016-07-13 |
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JP6240255B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
US10612004B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
KR101132578B1 (ko) | 2012-04-06 |
US20090239254A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
EP2103687A1 (fr) | 2009-09-23 |
CA2658074C (fr) | 2017-11-07 |
KR20090099491A (ko) | 2009-09-22 |
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