JP6104245B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6104245B2 JP6104245B2 JP2014522461A JP2014522461A JP6104245B2 JP 6104245 B2 JP6104245 B2 JP 6104245B2 JP 2014522461 A JP2014522461 A JP 2014522461A JP 2014522461 A JP2014522461 A JP 2014522461A JP 6104245 B2 JP6104245 B2 JP 6104245B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- positive electrode
- ion secondary
- secondary battery
- carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 64
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- BLKXYTIXEXMBTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;2-fluoroethyl phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OCCF BLKXYTIXEXMBTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical group COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QZIJEUQJDQUPTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].C(C(F)(F)F)OP(=O)([O-])[O-] QZIJEUQJDQUPTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 fluoroalkyl phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
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- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011339 hard pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGCSOBYKHTVXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium ethyl fluoro phosphate Chemical compound P(=O)(OF)(OCC)[O-].[Li+] KGCSOBYKHTVXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitride Chemical compound [Li]N([Li])[Li] IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium vanadium Chemical compound [Li].[V] DMEJJWCBIYKVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGUCKKLSDGRKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid oxovanadium Chemical compound [V].[O].C(C(=O)O)(=O)O OGUCKKLSDGRKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011338 soft pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012002 vanadium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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-
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Description
LixV2-yMy(PO4)z
で表され、
Mが原子番号11以上の金属元素の一種以上であり、かつ
1≦x≦3、
0≦y<2、
2≦z≦3
で表わされる材料、特に、Li3V2(PO4)3であると好ましい。
LiRxPF6-x
で表され、かつ
RがC2F5、
1≦x≦5、
を示す化合物、特にLi(C2F5)3PF3であると好ましい。
本発明では、正極活物質としてリン酸バナジウムリチウム(LVP)が使用される。本発明において、リン酸バナジウムリチウムとは、ナシコン型のリン酸バナジウムリチウムであり、例えば、
LixV2-yMy(PO4)z
で表され、
Mが原子番号11以上の金属元素、例えばFe、Co、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、Zrからなる群より選ばれるの一種以上であり、かつ
1≦x≦3、
0≦y<2、
2≦z≦3
を表わす材料を意味する。
本発明において、LVPは、どのような方法で製造されても良く、製造法に特に制限されない。例えば、LiOH、LiOH・H2O等のリチウム源、V2O5、V2O3等のバナジウム源、及びNH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4等のリン酸源等を混合し、反応、焼成する等により製造できる。LVPは、通常、焼成物を粉砕等した粒子状の形態で得られる。
(1)バナジウム化合物、リン源及び加熱分解により炭素が生じる導電性炭素材料源を水溶媒中で、好ましくは60〜100℃で加熱処理して反応を行った後、室温まで冷却後、加熱処理後の液に、更にリチウム源を添加して反応を行うことにより前記反応液(a)を得る方法。
(2)バナジウム化合物、リン源及び加熱分解により炭素が生じる導電性炭素材料源を水溶媒中で、好ましくは60〜100℃で加熱処理して反応を行った後、加熱処理後の液に、リチウム源を添加して加温下に好ましくは60〜100℃で更に反応を行って前記反応液(a)を得る方法。
(3)リチウム源、バナジウム化合物、リン源及び加熱分解により炭素が生じる導電性炭素材料源を水溶媒中に添加し、加温下に好ましくは60〜100℃で反応を行って前記反応液(a)を得る方法。
本発明に用いられる電解液は、高電圧でも電気分解を起こさないという点、リチウムイオンが安定に存在できるという点から、非水電解液とされる。
リチウムフルオロエチルホスフェートは、
LiRxPF6-x
で表され、かつ
RがC2F5、
1≦x≦5、
を示す化合物であると好ましい。
図1は、本発明に係るリチウムイオン二次電池10の実施形態の一例を示す概略断面図である。図示のように、リチウムイオン二次電池10は、それぞれ板状の正極18と、負極12とがセパレータ25を介して相互に対向して配置されている。
本発明における正極18は、上述のようにLVPを含み、それ以外は公知の材料を用いて作製することができる。具体的には、例えば、以下のように作製する。
本発明において負極12は、リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵及び放出することが可能な材料であれば特に制限はなく、公知の材料を用いて作製することができる。
例えば、一般に使用される負極活物質及び結着剤を含む混合物を溶媒に分散させた負極スラリーを、負極集電体14上に塗布、乾燥等することにより負極合材層16を形成する。
本発明で使用するセパレータは、特に制限はなく、公知のセパレータを使用できる。例えば、電解液、正極活物質、負極活物質に対して耐久性があり、連通気孔を有する電子伝導性の無い多孔質体等を好ましく使用できる。このような多孔質体として例えば、織布、不織布、合成樹脂性微多孔膜、ガラス繊維などが挙げられる。合成樹脂性の微多孔膜が好ましく用いられ、特にポリエチレンやポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン製微多孔膜が、厚さ、膜強度、膜抵抗の面で好ましい。
(1)正極の作製
正極活物質としてカーボン被覆されたLi3V2(PO4)3を93質量部と、導電剤としてのケッチェンブラック3質量部と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)4質量部とを均質に混合した。このように得られた混合物50gを、75mlのN‐メチル‐2‐ピロリドン(NMP)に分散させて、正極合剤塗液を得た。得られた正極合剤塗液を、正極集電体となる厚み15μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に均一に塗布し、乾燥して、片面当たり15mg/cm2の正極活物質層を形成した。これを幅24mm、長さ38mmの形状に切断して、正極を作製し、更に正極リードを取り付けた。なお、Li3V2(PO4)3はカーボンをC原子換算で1.7質量%被覆したものを用いた。カーボンの被覆量はTOC全有機炭素計(島津製作所製TOC−5000A)を用いて測定した。
負極活物質としての黒鉛96質量部と、結着剤としてのPVdF4質量部とを均質に混合した。このように得られた、混合物50gを75mlのNMPに分散させて、負極合剤塗液を得た。得られた負極合剤塗液を、負極集電体となる厚み15μmの銅箔の両面に均一に塗布し、乾燥して、片面当たり7mg/cm2の負極活物質層を形成した。これを幅26mm、長さ40mmの形状に切断して、負極を作製し、更に負極リードを取り付けた。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)を27.6質量部と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を15.0質量部と、とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を27.6質量部と、リチウムフルオロエチルホスフェート(Li(C2F5)3PF3)を29.8質量部の割合で混合した。
上記(1)及び(2)により得られた正極と負極とを、厚み12μmの微多孔性ポリエチレンフィルムからなるセパレータを介して積層し、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムからなる外装部材内に装填し、熱融着を行った。このように積層型セルを作製した。この積層型セルに上記(3)により得られた電解液を1g注液後、真空熱融着を行い、封止して、実施例1のミニセルサイズのリチウムイオン二次電池(サンプル1)を得た。
電解液の作成において、溶媒及び溶質の使用割合を以下の表1に記載したように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を繰り返して、実施例2及び3によるミニセルサイズのリチウムイオン二次電池(サンプル2及び3)を製造した。
電解液の作成において、溶媒及び溶質の使用割合を以下の表1に記載したように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を繰り返して、比較例1及び2によるミニセルサイズのリチウムイオン二次電池(比較サンプル1及び2)を製造した。
サンプル1〜3及び比較サンプル1及び2を、室温(20℃)下、終止電圧4.6Vまで0.7Cの定電流にて充電したのち、引き続き4.6Vの定電圧で充電し、さらに、終止電圧2.5Vに到達するまで0.7Cの定電流にて放電した。この条件にて500サイクルの充放電を繰り返した。
サンプル1〜3(実施例1〜3)及び比較サンプル1(比較例1)を、それぞれ4個ずつ、上記のサイクル試験に付した。100、200、300、及び500サイクル後に電池を解体し、負極1枚を取り出してジエチルカーボネートにて洗浄後、真空乾燥を行った。負極物質を薬匙で削り取り、50%硫酸水溶液にて80℃加熱攪拌を行い濾過後、負極中のバナジウム量(ppm)を、ICP(誘導結合プラズマ)質量分析器(セイコー電子工業社製)を用いて測定した。その結果を図2に示した。
サンプル1〜3(実施例1〜3)及び比較サンプル1及び2(比較例1及び2)を、それぞれ上記のサイクル試験に付した後、500サイクル後の放電容量維持率を測定した。初期放電容量を100%としたときの放電容量維持率(%)は以下の通りであった。
サンプル1、2(実施例1及び2)及び比較サンプル1(比較例1)を、それぞれ上記のサイクル試験に付し、500サイクル後に、各サンプルをアルゴンボックス内にて解体した。それぞれ正極1枚を取り出し、ジエチルカーボネートにて洗浄後、真空乾燥を行った。
12 負極
14 負極集電体
16 負極合剤層
18 正極
20 正極集電体
22 正極合剤層
14a リード
25 セパレータ
20a リード
Claims (6)
- リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵及び放出する負極と、
リン酸バナジウムリチウムを含有する正極と、
リチウムフルオロエチルホスフェートを電解質として、全電解質に対して、85質量%を超過する量で含有する非水電解液と、
を備え、
前記リチウムフルオロエチルホスフェート電解質は、Li(C 2 F 5 ) 3 PF 3 であり、
前記リチウムフルオロエチルホスフェートの含有率が、電解液全質量を100質量%とした場合の0.1質量%〜35質量%の範囲にあることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 作動電圧が、4.3V以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液の溶媒が、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)、アセトニトリル(AN)、1,2-ジメトキシエタン(DME)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、1,3-シオキソラン(DOXL)、ジメチルスホキシド(DMSO)、スルホラン(SL)、若しくはプロピオニトリル(PN)、又はこれらの2種類以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記溶媒の総量に対して、0.1質量%〜30質量%のフルオロエチレンカーボネートを含むことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムが、
LixV2−yMy(PO4)z
で表され、
MがFe、Co、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、Zrからなる群より選ばれる金属元素の一種以上であり、かつ
1≦x≦3、
0≦y<2、
2≦z≦3
であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記リン酸バナジウムリチウムが、Li3V2(PO4)3であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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KR102394000B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-13 | 2022-05-02 | 한국전기연구원 | 리튬 이차 전지용 인산염계 양극활물질 및 그 제조방법 |
US10461325B1 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2019-10-29 | Nanostar, Inc. | Silicon-carbide reinforced carbon-silicon composites |
US10608256B1 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2020-03-31 | Nanostar Inc. | Silicon-carbide reinforced solid-state electrolytes |
US10608240B1 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2020-03-31 | Nanostar Inc. | Silicon-carbide reinforced carbon-silicon composites |
US10622632B1 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2020-04-14 | Nanostar Inc. | Silicon-carbide reinforced secondary batteries |
US10964935B1 (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-03-30 | Nanostar, Inc. | Amorphous silicon-carbon composites and improved first coulombic efficiency |
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DE10008955C2 (de) | 2000-02-25 | 2002-04-25 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Lithiumfluoralkylphosphate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und deren Verwendung als Leitsalze |
DE10016801A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-11 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Lithiumsalze, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung, nichtwässriger Elektrolyt sowie elektrochemische Zelle |
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WO2014002584A1 (ja) | 2014-01-03 |
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