JP6067588B2 - カダベリンの生産のための方法及び組換え微生物 - Google Patents
カダベリンの生産のための方法及び組換え微生物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6067588B2 JP6067588B2 JP2013554049A JP2013554049A JP6067588B2 JP 6067588 B2 JP6067588 B2 JP 6067588B2 JP 2013554049 A JP2013554049 A JP 2013554049A JP 2013554049 A JP2013554049 A JP 2013554049A JP 6067588 B2 JP6067588 B2 JP 6067588B2
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Description
リシンヒドロキシラーゼポリペプチドは、リシンN6-ヒドロキシラーゼ[EC:1.14.13.59]としても記載されているリシンヒドロキシラーゼ活性を有するポリペプチドである。リシンヒドロキシラーゼ活性を有するかの試験は、Meneely KM, and Lamb AL BIOCHEMISTRY 46 p.11930-11937 2007、及びIJ, Hsueh LC, Baldwin JEら EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 268 p.6625-6636に見出すことができる。
(a)スペルミジン形成活性が、配列番号14に対して少なくとも80%又は少なくとも85%又は少なくとも90%又は少なくとも95%又は少なくとも98%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むスペルミジン形成ポリペプチドの活性を低下させることにより脱調節されるか、あるいは
(b)プトレシン形成活性が、配列番号19に対して少なくとも80%又は少なくとも85%又は少なくとも90%又は少なくとも95%又は少なくとも98%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むプトレシン形成ポリペプチドの活性を低下させることにより脱調節されるか、あるいは
(c)プトレシン形成活性が、配列番号20に対して少なくとも80%又は少なくとも85%又は少なくとも90%又は少なくとも95%又は少なくとも98%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むオルニチンデカルボキシラーゼポリペプチドの活性を低下させることにより脱調節されるか、あるいは
(d)スペルミジン若しくはプトレシン又はスペルミジン及びプトレシン取り込み活性が、配列番号21に対して少なくとも80%又は少なくとも85%又は少なくとも90%又は少なくとも95%又は少なくとも98%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むスペルミジン若しくはプトレシン又はスペルミジン及びプトレシン取り込みポリペプチドの活性を低下させることにより脱調節されるか、あるいは
(e)スペルミジン形成若しくは取り込み活性又はプトレシン形成若しくは取り込み活性あるいはその組み合わせが、(a)、(b)、(c)又は(d)の組み合わせの活性を低下させることにより低減される。
ジアミノペンタン生産株であるコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムDAP-3は、リシンデカルボキシラーゼ発現のコドン最適化によって、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム11424から合理的に派生した(Kind, S., Jeong, W. K., Schroder, H. and Wittmann, C. (Kind et al., 2010a) "Systems-wide metabolic pathway engineering in Corynebacterium glutamicum for bio-based production of diaminopentane." Metab Eng.; and Kind, S., Jeong, W. K., Schroder, H., Zelder, O. and Wittmann, C. (Kind et al. 2010b). "Identification and elimination of the competing N-acetyldiaminopentane pathway for improved production of diaminopentane by Corynebacterium glutamicum." Appl Environ Microbiol 76(15), 5175-80)。本研究においては、両方の株を用いた。株の構築の為に、大腸菌DH5α及びNM522株(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany)並びにプラスミドpTc及びpClik int sacBを、以前記載した通りに(Kind et al., 2010a)用いた。
第一のプレ培養物を、完全培地で増殖させた(Kind et al., 2010a)。第二のプレ培養物及びその後の主培養物のために、最小限の培地を適用した(Becker, J., Klopprogge, C. and Wittmann, C.(2008)(Becker et al., 2008) "Metabolic responses to pyruvate kinase deletion in lysine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum." Microb Cell Fact 7, 8)。
全ての培養をロータリーシェーカー(振盪直径5cm, Multitron, Infors AG, Bottmingen, Switzerland)において、30℃及び230 rpmで行った。第一のプレ培養物のために、単一のコロニーを接種材料として用いた。約8時間インキュベーションした後、細胞を遠心(8800×g、2分、4℃)により回収し、無菌5% NaCl溶液により2回洗浄し、その後第二のプレ培養のための接種材料として(500mLのバッフル付きフラスコに50mL)用いた。細胞を対数増殖期において上記と同じ条件で回収し、三連で行う主培養のための接種材料として(500mLのバッフル付きフラスコに50mL)用いた。培養の間、pHを7.0±0.2で一定に保った。
トリプトン、牛肉抽出物、酵母抽出物、及び寒天を、Difco Laboratories(Detroit, USA)から入手した。他の全ての物質は分析グレードであり、Aldrich(Steinheim, Germany)、Merck(Darmstadt, Germany)、又はFluka(Buchs, Switzerland)から入手した。
プラスミドDNAの構築、精製、及び分析、並びにE. coli及びC. glutamicumの形質転換は、以前に記載した通りに行った(Kind et al., 2010a)。野生型のC. glutamicumプロモーターの遺伝子の標的欠損及び変換は、近年記載された通りに行った((Bolten, C. J., Schr, H., Dickschat, J. and Wittmann, C. (2010) (Bolten et al., 2010). "Towards methionine overproduction in Corynebacterium glutamicum - methanethiol and dimethyldisulfide as reduced sulfur sources." J Microbiol Biotechnol 20(8), 1196-203.; Dickschat, J. S., Wickel, S., Bolten, C. J., Nawrath, T., Schulz, S. and Wittmann, C. (2010) (Dickschat et. 2010). "Pyrazine Biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010(14), 2687-2695. al.))。手短に言うと、遺伝子を、短くした遺伝子断片によるコード領域の置換によって、欠失させた。ゲノムベースの発現増幅のために、対応する野生型のプロモーターを、sod遺伝子の強力なプロモーター(NCgl2826)によって置換した(Becker, J., Klopprogge, C., Herold, A., Zelder, O., Bolten, C. J. and Wittmann, C. (2007) (Becker et al., 2007). "Metabolic flux engineering of L-lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum-over expression and modification of G6P dehydrogenase." J Biotechnol.)。この目的のために、C. glutamicum中では複製できない組み込みプラスミドpClik int sacBを用いた(Becker, J., Klopprogge, C., Zelder, O., Heinzle, E. and Wittmann, C. (2005)(Becker et al., 2005)"Amplified Expression of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in Corynebacterium glutamicum increases in vivo flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and lysine production on different carbon sources." Appl Environ Microbiol 71(12), 8587-8596)。C. glutamicum中で複製するプラスミドpClik 5a MCSを、プラスミドベースの遺伝子の過剰発現のために、tuf遺伝子(NCgl0480)のプロモーターと共に利用した(Kind et al., 2010a)。遺伝子の修飾は、PCRにより確認した。遺伝子変更の構築及び確認のために用いたプライマーを、表2にリストアップした。
グルコースの濃度を、1:10に希釈した培養上清において、グルコース分析装置(2300 STAT Plus, Yellow Springs Instrument, Ohio)によって定量化した。トレハロース及び有機酸を、1:10に希釈した培養上清において、Aminex HPX-87H column(300×7.8 mm; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA)を固定相として、及び12.5 mM H2SO4を移動相として用いるHPLC(LaChrom Elite, VWR Hitachi, West Chester, PA, USA)により、0.5mL min-1及び40℃で定量化した。検出は、UV光の220nm(有機酸)及び屈折率(トレハロース)を用いて、それぞれ行った。細胞濃度の測定を、660 nmでの光学密度として及び細胞の乾燥質量として、以前記載した通りに行った(Kiefer, P., Heinzle, E., Zelder, O. and Wittmann, C. (2004) (Kiefer et al., 2004). "Comparative metabolic flux analysis of lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum cultured on glucose or fructose." Appl Environ Microbiol 70(1), 229-39)。(1:10に希釈した)培養上清及び細胞抽出物におけるアミノ酸の定量化を、HPLCにより行った(Kromer, J. O., Fritz, M., Heinzle, E. and Wittmann, C. (2005). (Kromer et al., 2005) "In vivo quantification of intracellular amino acids and intermediates of the methionine pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum.")。同方法を、溶出グラジエントの変更によって、1,5-ジアミノペンタン及びN-アセチル-1,5-ジアミノペンタンをはじめとする生物学的ポリアミンの定量化に適合させた(Kind et al., 2010a)。
細胞内代謝産物のサンプリングを、高速濾過及び煮沸水での抽出により行った(Wittmann, C., Kromer, J. O., Kiefer, P., Binz, T. and Heinzle, E. (2004) (Wittmann et al., 2004). "Impact of the cold shock phenomenon on quantification of intracellular metabolites in bacteria." Anal Biochem 327(1), 135-9.; Bolten et al., 2007)。これは、代謝産物の漏出を防ぐために培養培地のイオン強度を調和させる、フィルターにおける15 mLの5%NaCl溶液による細胞の洗浄ステップを含む(Bolten et al., 2007)。
対数増殖期の細胞からの全RNA抽出を、以前記載した通りに行った(Kind et al., 2010b)。遺伝子発現の比較分析のために、カスタムDNAマイクロアレイを、オンラインソフトウェアのアジレントeアレイ(Agilent eArray)を用いて、C. glutamicumのゲノムNC_006958から設計した。対象遺伝子のためのオリゴヌクレオチドプローブの設計、蛍光ラベリング、ハイブリダイゼーション、スキャン及びデータ処理を、Kind et al.(2010b)に記載された通りに行った。これらの実験において用いられたカスタムDNAマイクロアレイは、3057のオープンリーディングフレームのそれぞれに対し最大5つの複製物を有する14363のプローブを含んでいた。
リシンデカルボキシラーゼの活性を、粗細胞抽出物において測定した。該細胞抽出物の調製、タンパク質濃度の測定、及びリシンデカルボキシラーゼ活性の測定を、以前に記載した通りに行った(Kind et al., 2010a)。酵素反応速度の実験の為に、ジアミノペンタンを反応混合物に、それぞれ10、15、20、30、及び35mmol L-1の終濃度で添加した。
第一の重要な研究が、産物の排出が生産の潜在的ボトルネックとして一般に妥当であることを明らかにした。該研究は、リシンデカルボキシラーゼの反応速度特性、特にその最終産物であるジアミノペンタンによる阻害の側面に注目した。この目的のために、C. glutamicum DAP 3-cの対数増殖期の粗細胞抽出物を得、このジアミノペンタン生産株において発現されたリシンデカルボキシラーゼの活性をアッセイした。in vitroのリシンデカルボキシラーゼの比活性は、97.0±3.5mmol g-1 h-1であった。これは、培養培地におけるジアミノペンタン及びN-アセチルジアミノペンタンの蓄積から計算されるin vivoの産物比流速1.07±0.02mmol g-1 h-1よりも、ほぼ100倍高い。明らかに、リシンデカルボキシラーゼの有効な触媒能力のわずかな部分のみしか、産物の形成に関与していなかった。
潜在的なコード遺伝子の同定のために、全ゲノムでの転写プロファイリングを行った。この目的のために、全遺伝子発現のパターンを、ジアミノペンタンを生産するC. glutamicum DAP-3cと、その親株であり、リシンを生産するがジアミノペンタンを生産しないC. glutamicum 11424で比較した。分析のために、RNAを対数増殖期、すなわち光学密度3において回収した細胞から抽出した。RNAを、参照については4つの生物学的複製物から、DAP-3cについては7つの生物学的複製物から、それぞれ得た。参照RNAを、ラベリング及び全ゲノムマイクロアレイへの競合的ハイブリダイゼーションの前まで保管した。
主要なファシリテータースーパーファミリーパーミアーゼをコードする遺伝子であるcg2893を潜在的候補遺伝子として最初に欠失させた。この目的のために、コード領域の659bpが欠如している短くした断片による標的遺伝子のマーカーフリー置換を可能とする組み換えプラスミドを構築した。第二の組み換え由来のクローンにおいて、プライマーcg2893-1及びcg2893-4(表1)を用いて、部位特異的PCRにより所望の欠失を確認した。陽性クローンを、野生型に起因する1329bpの長さの断片から明確に区別できる、短くなった670bpのPCR産物により同定した。パーミアーゼを欠如している欠失変異体を、親株と比較した。本研究では、グルコースの最小培地における培養、それに続くブロスにおける産物スペクトルの分析を行った。パーミアーゼを欠如している株において、ジアミノペンタン分泌の実質的低減が認められた(図2、表4)。200mmol(mol-1グルコース)から32mmol(mol-1グルコース)へのジアミノペンタン収量の低減は、84%の減少に相当した。明らかに、パーミアーゼcg2893がC. glutamicumにおけるジアミノペンタンの主要なエクスポーターであることを示した。その機能的役割に基づいて、パーミアーゼcg2893をジアミノペンタンエクスポーターdapEと名付けた。興味深いことに、dapE欠失のN-アセチル-ジアミノペンタンの排出に対する影響は、かなり異なるものであった。命名したC. glutamicum・dapEにおいて、産物のアセチル化バリアントは、まだ有意に排出されていた(図2、表4)。これは、同定されたエクスポートタンパク質が、ジアミノペンタンに対しかなり特異的であるが、N-アセチルジアミノペンタンに対してはそうでないことを明確に示す。親株におけるのと同様に、リシン分泌は無視できる程度であった。ジアミノペンタン排出が、パーミアーゼの欠失によって完全に機能しなくなってはいないことに留意されたい。これは、この酵素が主要であるが、排他的な排出系ではないことを示す。
主要なジアミノペンタンエクスポーターが欠如しているC. glutamicum deltadapEは、なお培地へのジアミノペンタンの分泌を示した。これは、他のジアミノペンタンエクスポートタンパク質の存在を示した。ジアミノペンタンとその前駆物質であるリシンとの構造類似性により、リシンエクスポーターLysEを、可能性のある候補遺伝子として、さらに試験した。lysEをコードする遺伝子を、C. glutamicum deltadapEにおいて欠失させた。しかしながら、最小培地におけるC. glutamicum deltadapE deltalysE二重欠失変異体の増殖及び生産特性は、その親株に対し、なんら有意な差を示さなかった(表4)。これは、LysEがジアミノペンタンの排出に関与しないことを示す。
新規なエクスポーターdapEが、ジアミノペンタンの生産の増加にとっての有望な代謝工学的標的として浮かび上がった。dapEは、最も良好な生産株C. glutamicum DAP-3cにおいて、増幅された。これはゲノムベースの過剰発現によってなされた。この目的のために、野生型のdapEプロモーターをスーパーオキシドジスムターゼの強力なプロモーター(sod)によって置換した。dapEの開始コドンの直前へのsodプロモーターのマーカーフリーな組み込みを可能とするプラスミドを、プライマーPsod2893-1〜Psod2893-6(表2)を用いて構築した。sodプロモーターをその遺伝子の上流配列と開始コドンの間に有する陽性クローンを、野生型と比較して200bpの延長されたPCR断片に基づいて、PCRにより確認した。得られた突然変異体を、C. glutamicum PsoddapEと名付けた。
dapE遺伝子配列:
atgacttcagaaaccttacaggcgcaagcgcctacgaaaacccaacgttgggctttcctcgccgttatcagcggtggtctctttctgatcggtgtagacaactcgattctctacaccgcactccctctgctgcgtgaacagctcgcagccaccgaaacccaagcgttgtggatcatcaacgcatatcccctgctcatggcgggccttcttttgggtaccggcactttgggtgacaaaatcggccaccgccggatgttcctcatgggcttgagcattttcggaatcgcttcacttggtgctgcgtttgctccaactgcgtgggctcttgttgctgcgagagctttccttggcatcggtgcggcaacgatgatgcctgcaaccttggctctgatccgcattacgtttgaggatgagcgtgagcgcaacactgcaattggtatttggggttccgtggcaattcttggcgctgcggcaggcccgatcattggtggtgcgctgttggaattcttctggtggggttcggttttcctcattaacgttccggtggctgttatcgcgttgatcgctacgctttttgtggcgccggccaatatcgcgaatccgtctaagcattgggatttcttgtcgtcgttctatgcgctgctcacacttgctgggttgatcatcacgatcaaggaatctgtgaatactgcacgccatatgcctcttcttttgggtgcagtcatcatgttgatcattggtgcggtgttgtttagcagtcgtcagaagaagatcgaggagccacttctagatctgtcgttgttccgtaatcgccttttcttaggcggtgtggttgctgcgggcatggcgatgtttactgtgtccggtttggaaatgactacctcgcagcgtttccagttgtctgtgggtttcactccacttgaggctggtttgctcatgatcccagctgcattgggtagcttcccgatgtctattatcggtggtgcaaacctgcatcgttggggcttcaaaccgctgatcagtggtggttttgctgccactgccgttggcatcgccctgtgtatttggggcgcgactcatactgatggtttgccgtttttcatcgcgggtctattcttcatgggcgcgggtgctggttcggtaatgtctgtgtcttccactgcgattatcggttccgcgccggtgcgtaaggctggcatggcgtcgtcgatcgaagaggtctcttatgagttcggcacgctgttgtctgtcgcgattttgggtagcttgttcccattcttctactcgctgcatgccccggcagaggttgcggataacttctcggcgggtgttcaccacgcgattgatggcgatgcggcgcgtgcatctttggacaccgcatacattaacgtgttgatcattgccctagtatgcgcagtagcggctgctctgatcagcagttaccttttccgcggaaatccgaagggagccaataatgcgcactag
dapEタンパク質の配列:
MTSETLQAQAPTKTQRWAFLAVISGGLFLIGVDNSILYTALPLLREQLAATETQALWIINAYPLLMAGLLLGTGTLGDKIGHRRMFLMGLSIFGIASLGAAFAPTAWALVAARAFLGIGAATMMPATLALIRITFEDERERNTAIGIWGSVAILGAAAGPIIGGALLEFFWWGSVFLINVPVAVIALIATLFVAPANIANPSKHWDFLSSFYALLTLAGLIITIKESVNTARHMPLLLGAVIMLIIGAVLFSSRQKKIEEPLLDLSLFRNRLFLGGVVAAGMAMFTVSGLEMTTSQRFQLSVGFTPLEAGLLMIPAALGSFPMSIIGGANLHRWGFKPLISGGFAATAVGIALCIWGATHTDGLPFFIAGLFFMGAGAGSVMSVSSTAIIGSAPVRKAGMASSIEEVSYEFGTLLSVAILGSLFPFFYSLHAPAEVADNFSAGVHHAIDGDAARASLDTAYINVLIIALVCAVAAALISSYLFRGNPKGANNAH
Claims (14)
- 増強されたカダベリンエクスポーター活性を含む、微生物であって、増強されたカダベリンエクスポーター活性が、配列番号1と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む1以上のカダベリンエクスポーターポリペプチドの脱調節に少なくとも部分的によるものである、微生物。
- リシンデカルボキシラーゼ活性が増強されている、請求項1に記載の微生物。
- リシンデカルボキシラーゼ活性が、配列番号3又は4と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む1以上のリシンデカルボキシラーゼポリペプチドの発現によるものである、請求項2に記載の微生物。
- アスパルトキナーゼ、アスパラギン酸セミアルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ、ジヒドロジピコリン酸シンターゼ、ジヒドロジピコリン酸レダクターゼ、テトラヒドロジピコリン酸スクシニラーゼ、スクシニル-アミノ-ケトピメレートトランスアミナーゼ、スクシニル-ジアミノ-ピメレートデスクシニラーゼ、ジアミノピメレートエピメラーゼ、ジアミノピメレートデヒドロゲナーゼ、アルギニル-tRNAシンテターゼ、ジアミノピメレートデカルボキシラーゼ、ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、グルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、トランスケトラーゼ、トランスアルドラーゼ、6-ホスホグルコノラクトナーゼ、フルクトース1,6-ビホスファターゼの遺伝子からなる群より選択される、少なくとも一つの上方調節された遺伝子、及び/又は、ホモセリンデヒドロゲナーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ、スクシニル-CoAシンテターゼ、メチルマロニルCoAムターゼ、ジアミンアセチルトランスフェラーゼの遺伝子からなる群より選択される、少なくとも一つの下方調節された遺伝子を有する、請求項2又は3に記載の微生物。
- 増強されたリシンインポート活性を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の微生物。
- 増強されたリシンインポート活性が、低減されたリシンエクスポーター活性若しくは増強されたリシンパーミアーゼ活性若しくは増強されたリシン/カダベリンアンチポーター活性、又はそれらの組み合わせによるものである、請求項5に記載の微生物。
- 増強されたリシンインポート活性が、配列番号5と少なくとも90%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、少なくとも一つのリシンエクスポーターポリペプチドの低減された活性によるものである、請求項5又は6に記載の微生物。
- 増強されたリシンインポート活性が、増強されたリシンパーミアーゼ活性によるものであるか若しくは増強されたリシン/カダベリンアンチポーター活性によるものであるか、又はその両方である、請求項5〜7のいずれか1項に記載の微生物。
- 微生物が、脱調節されたN-アセチルカダベリン形成活性を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の微生物。
- N-アセチルカダベリン形成活性がないか、又は低減されている、請求項9に記載の微生物。
- N-アセチルカダベリン形成活性が、配列番号13と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むN-アセチルカダベリン形成ポリペプチドの活性の脱調節により脱調節される、請求項9又は10に記載の微生物。
- コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の微生物。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の微生物を発酵させることを含む、カダベリンの生産方法。
- カダベリンの生産のための、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の微生物の使用。
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