JP6006324B2 - 燃料への搭載型二酸化炭素変換による移動汚染源からの排出低減 - Google Patents
燃料への搭載型二酸化炭素変換による移動汚染源からの排出低減 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6006324B2 JP6006324B2 JP2014538910A JP2014538910A JP6006324B2 JP 6006324 B2 JP6006324 B2 JP 6006324B2 JP 2014538910 A JP2014538910 A JP 2014538910A JP 2014538910 A JP2014538910 A JP 2014538910A JP 6006324 B2 JP6006324 B2 JP 6006324B2
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- exhaust gas
- heat exchanger
- catalytic reactor
- nanocatalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- ALIMWUQMDCBYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ALIMWUQMDCBYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
・773Kおよび大気圧下でエタノール、プロピン、および酸素を生成する触媒刺激反応−5CO2+5H2O→C2H5OH+H3C−C≡CH+7O2
・メタノール、エタノール、酸素、およびプロピンを生成する触媒刺激反応−6CO2+7H2O→CH3OH+C2H5OH+17/2O2+H3C−C≡CH
・三塩化ルテニウム(0.103g)、硝酸マンガン四水和物(2.285g)および硝酸ニッケル六水和物(2.47g)(分析用試薬)の溶液を、脱イオンH2O中で調製し、希塩酸で酸性化して水酸化物の沈殿を妨げる。
・次いで、スラリーの一部(10cm3)を、蒸発容器内の二酸化チタン触媒担体(3.95g)(350m2g−1)に添加し、混合物を20分間磁気撹拌し、395Kで一晩乾燥させる。
・次いで、調製された触媒試料を、600℃で6時間空気中で焼成する。
表I:膜分離器108用の例示的な膜
[実施例−熱的試験]
・排気ガス温度の推定。
・800〜850℃での触媒反応器の運転のための、排気エンジンガスからのエネルギーの利用可能性の決定。
・排ガスの組成の決定。
・平均排気温度は、気化ガソリンの使用で約1152K(879℃)と思われ、最高温度は、排気弁開口部で達成される。しかしながら、弁およびヘッド出口における平均排気温度は、それぞれ約1188K(915℃)および1152K(879℃)である。
・ガソリンの排気ガス(1123K(850℃)の最大排気温度を有する)から利用可能なエンタルピーは、約1.559E+05kJ/kmolである。
・ガソリンのシミュレーションにおいて、得られた図示エンジン効率は、40.1%であった。
表II:内燃機関(ICE)システムの予測(シミュレーションされた)エンジン性能、排気温度、燃費および排出(λ=1、rpm=3000)
表III:燃焼空気の異なる値に対する、燃料ブレンドから放出された熱(kJ/kg)。
・1400rpmで駆動し、405bhpを生成するディーゼルエンジンの場合、排気ガス温度は549℃である。
・0.46Kg/sの質量流量では、排気ガスは268kJ/sのエネルギー値を有する。
・熱交換器は、排気ガスから250℃を回収することができ、これはエネルギーの45%である(すなわち、約121kJ/s)。
・次いで、システムは、回収された熱エネルギーを19KWの出力の機械力に変換し、熱回収に対して約16%のエネルギー効率を提供することができる。
・回収されたエネルギーは、車両エンジン駆動力の約5〜10%の回収に等しい。
[触媒コンバーターエネルギー回収]
Claims (10)
- 炭化水素燃料への搭載型二酸化炭素変換のためのプロセスであって、
燃焼機関の排気ガスから熱エネルギーを抽出するステップであって、前記燃焼機関は、車両に駆動力を供給する、ステップと;
前記排気ガスから水および二酸化炭素を分離するステップと;
ナノ触媒により促進される反応を行うことにより、前記水および前記二酸化炭素を炭化水素燃料に変換するステップであって、前記反応は、前記排気ガスから抽出された前記熱エネルギーにより刺激される、ステップと;
前記炭化水素燃料を、燃焼させるために前記燃焼機関内に供給するステップと
を備え、
前記炭化水素燃料は、エタノール及びプロピレンを含み、
前記反応は、5CO2+5H2O→C2H5OH+H3C−C≡CH+7O2(式中、CO2は二酸化炭素であり、H2Oは水であり、C2H5OHはエタノールであり、H3C−C≡CHはプロピンであり、O2は酸素である)である、
ことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 前記ナノ触媒は、ルテニウム、マンガンおよびニッケルの少なくとも1種を含む多元金属ナノ触媒である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ナノ触媒は、2〜3パーセントのルテニウム、20〜30パーセントのニッケル、および15〜20パーセントのマンガンである、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ナノ触媒は、2パーセントのルテニウム、20パーセントのニッケル、および15パーセントのマンガンである、請求項3に記載のプロセス。
- 前記排気ガスから前記水および前記二酸化炭素を分離する前に、前記排気ガスを摂氏200〜300度まで冷却するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記排気ガス中の一酸化炭素を酸化させて二酸化炭素を生成するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 炭化水素燃料への搭載型二酸化炭素変換のためのプロセスが、搭載型触媒装置を用いる、請求項1に記載のプロセスであって、
燃焼機関の排気ガスから熱エネルギーを抽出するために使用できる熱交換器と;
排気ガスから水および二酸化炭素を分離するために使用できる膜分離器と;
前記熱交換器の本体内に収容された触媒反応器であって、前記膜分離器から水および二酸化炭素を受容し、前記炭化水素燃料を生成する水および二酸化炭素の反応を含み、前記熱交換器からの熱エネルギーを使用して、前記水および前記二酸化炭素の反応を刺激するために使用できる触媒反応器と
を備えるプロセス。 - 前記膜分離器は、シリカ膜層材料、炭素系膜層材料、及びゼオライト膜層材料からなるグループの選択的膜層と、セラミック担体、金属担体、及びアルミナ担体からなるグループの担体と、を備える、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒反応器は、ナノ触媒を保持する前記触媒反応器の一部に前記熱エネルギーが導かれるように、前記熱交換器によって取り囲まれている、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒反応器は、ナノ触媒を保持するための複数の管を有し、前記複数の管は、前記熱交換器から前記熱エネルギーを受容するための増大された表面領域を提供する、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
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- 2012-10-24 CN CN201280052381.7A patent/CN103975043B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-10-24 US US13/659,305 patent/US8863701B2/en active Active
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- 2012-10-24 EP EP12783772.2A patent/EP2771431B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-10-24 WO PCT/US2012/061603 patent/WO2013063052A1/en active Application Filing
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JP2015502474A (ja) | 2015-01-22 |
US20150000615A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
KR101867652B1 (ko) | 2018-06-14 |
CN103975043B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
US8863701B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
CN105257435B (zh) | 2017-11-17 |
CN103975043A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
CN105257435A (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
WO2013063052A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
KR20140096064A (ko) | 2014-08-04 |
EP2771431B1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
US20130098314A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
JP6185129B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
US9267429B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
JP2017008946A (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
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