JP7064378B2 - 排ガス分析方法及び排ガス分析システム - Google Patents
排ガス分析方法及び排ガス分析システム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 72
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
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- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/0015—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for using exhaust gas sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
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- G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
- G01N33/287—Sulfur content
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/027—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting SOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
- G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Testing Of Engines (AREA)
Description
なお、算出式(1)において、iは燃料に含まれるn個の成分のそれぞれに対応付けされた番号であり、V.P(443K)iはi成分の443Kにおける蒸気圧であり、DBEiはi成分の2重結合当量であり、Wtiは燃料中におけるi成分の重量%である。
このようにすれば、例えば潤滑オイルの消費量と潤滑オイルに由来する粒子状物質の発生量との相関関係を知ることができる。
このような排ガス分析システムであれば、上述した排ガス分析方法と同様の作用効果を奏し得る。
排ガス分析システム100は、エンジンEから排出される排ガス中の粒子状物質を分析するために用いられるものであり、図1に示すように、エンジンEに負荷を与えるダイナモメータ10と、エンジンEに接続された排ガス流路Lと、排ガス中の粒子状物質の数(PN)を計測するためのPN計測装置20と、排ガス中の粒子状物質の質量(PM)を計測するためのPM計測装置30と、排ガス流路Lから各計測装置20、30に排ガスを導く排ガス採取部L2とを備えている。なお、排ガス分析システム100としては、エンジンE単体にエンジンダイナモを接続する構成であっても良いし、エンジンEが搭載された駆動系にダイナモを接続する構成であっても良いし、車両をシャシダイナモに搭載する構成であっても良い。
なお、エンジンEの一例としてはガソリンエンジンである直噴ガソリンエンジンが挙げられ、潤滑オイルの一例としては市販の0W-20オイル(API:SN規格相当、硫黄濃度2.695ppm)が挙げられる。なお、エンジンEは、ポート噴射式エンジンであっても良い。
以下、詳細な分析方法について図2にフローチャートを参照しながら説明する。
イソオクタンは、2,2,4-トリメチルペンタン(C8H18)であり、下記の表1に示すように、オクタン価が100の燃料である。また、イソオクタンは、例えば日本国内で流通している一般性状のガソリンと比較すると、アロマ分や粒子状物質の排出数の指標となるPM Indexが非常に低い燃料であることが分かる。なお、PM Indexは、背景技術で述べた算出式(1)を用いて算出した値である。
そこで、以下ではこの排ガス分析方法を用いて、排ガスに含まれる粒子状物質に対する潤滑オイルの影響度合いと燃料の影響度合いとを分離して評価した実験結果について説明する。
燃料に由来する粒子状物質のPNは、燃料の噴射方式、噴射タイミング、燃料室温度、空燃比等の燃焼条件の影響を受ける。そこで、第1燃料としてイソオクタンを用いた場合と、第2燃料として一般性状のガソリンを用いた場合とのそれぞれにおいて、例えばエンジンEの回転数、ダイナモメータ10からエンジンEに与える負荷、エンジンEの冷却水温度等といったエンジンEの運転条件を種々変更して、その変更前後それぞれにおいてPNを計測した結果について図3を参照しながら説明する。
この条件では、第1燃料及び第2燃料のどちらを用いた場合においても、エンジン負荷の増加及び回転数の増加に伴ってPN排出量が増加傾向にあることが分かる。また、第1燃料を用いた場合と比較して第2燃料を用いた場合の方が、PN排出量が多く、第1燃料を用いた場合のPN排出量を基準にすると、第2燃料を用いた場合のPN排出量の増加率は、高負荷側及び高回転数側で増大していることが分かる。
また、第1燃料を用いた場合のPN排出量よりも第2燃料を用いた場合のPN排出量の方が多いのは、第1燃料及び第2燃料のPM Indexの差、すなわち粒子状物質の生成リスクの差を反映していると推定される。
さらに、第1燃料を用いた場合を基準にした第2燃料を用いた場合のPN排出量の増加率が低負荷側で小さいのは、燃料噴射量が相対的に少ない低負荷運転領域においては、PN総排出量に対する燃料影響分も小さいことに起因すると考えられる。
この条件では、第1燃料及び第2燃料のどちらを用いた場合においても、冷却水温度90℃条件と比較して、PN排出量の増大が認められた。また、冷却水温度90℃条件とは異なり、第2燃料のPN排出量に、エンジン負荷及びエンジン回転数に対する相関は認められなかった。
続いて、燃料(一般性状のガソリン)に由来する粒子状物質を、潤滑オイルに由来する粒子状物質から分離して評価した結果を図4(a)~(c)に示す。
このようにすれば、第1燃料としてイソオクタンを用いることで、前記実施形態で述べたとおり、潤滑オイルに由来する粒子状物質を分析することができるので、その分析結果を第2燃料としてガソリンを用いて得られた分析結果から差し引くことで、ガソリンに由来する粒子状物質を、潤滑オイルに由来する粒子状物質から分離して分析することができる。その結果、排ガスに含まれる粒子状物質に対するガソリンの影響度合いを、潤滑オイルの影響度合いから分離して評価することが可能となる。
E ・・・エンジン
10 ・・・ダイナモメータ
L ・・・排ガス流路
L2 ・・・排ガス採取部
20 ・・・PN計測装置
30 ・・・PM計測装置
40 ・・・硫黄濃度分析装置
Claims (6)
- エンジンから排出される排ガスを分析する排ガス分析方法であって、
前記エンジンに燃料としてイソオクタンのみを供給した際に、前記エンジンから排出される排ガスを分析し、その分析された前記排ガス中の粒子状物質を潤滑オイル由来の粒子状物質として計測する、排ガス分析方法。 - 前記エンジンの運転条件を変更した際に、前記エンジンから排出される排ガス中の粒子状物質の数又は質量を計測する、請求項1記載の排ガス分析方法。
- 前記運転条件として、前記エンジンの回転数、前記エンジンに与える負荷、又は前記エンジンの冷却水温度の少なくとも1つが含まれる、請求項2記載の排ガス分析方法。
- 前記排ガス中の全硫黄成分濃度を前記潤滑オイルに由来する硫黄成分の濃度として測定し、この全硫黄成分濃度に基づき前記潤滑オイルの消費量を算出し、その消費量と前記潤滑オイル由来の粒子状物質の計測結果と関連付ける、請求項1乃至3のうち何れか一項に記載の排ガス分析方法。
- 前記エンジンが、ガソリンエンジンである、請求項1乃至4のうち何れか一項に記載の排ガス分析方法。
- エンジンから排出される排ガスを分析する排ガス分析システムであって、
前記エンジンに燃料としてイソオクタンのみを供給した際に、前記エンジンから排出される排ガスを採取する排ガス採取部と、
前記排ガス採取部により採取された排ガスを分析し、その分析された排ガス中の粒子状物質を潤滑オイル由来の粒子状物質として計測する排ガス分析装置とを備える、排ガス分析システム。
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JP2018097181A JP7064378B2 (ja) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | 排ガス分析方法及び排ガス分析システム |
EP19175747.5A EP3572787B1 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | Exhaust gas analysis method and exhaust gas analysis system |
US16/418,356 US10995689B2 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | Exhaust gas analysis method and exhaust gas analysis system |
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JP2002350339A (ja) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-04 | Horiba Ltd | エンジン排ガス中の粒子状物質の分析方法 |
JP2006510030A (ja) | 2002-12-16 | 2006-03-23 | トタル、フイナ、エルフ、フランス | 熱機関排気ガスの後処理に使用されるシステムの損傷を連続的に測定するための方法およびデバイス |
JP2007518085A (ja) | 2004-01-09 | 2007-07-05 | マルクス・ゴール | 排ガス混合気内の潤滑油量の測定方法とその装置 |
JP2014016251A (ja) | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-30 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 内燃機関の排気ガスの分析方法 |
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JPH0693822A (ja) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-04-05 | Horiba Ltd | エンジンオイル消費量測定方法 |
US5445964A (en) * | 1994-05-11 | 1995-08-29 | Lee; Peter S. | Dynamic engine oil and fuel consumption measurements using tunable diode laser spectroscopy |
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EP1980724B1 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2010-01-13 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine oil consumption measurement device and engine oil consumption measurement method |
JP2011241280A (ja) | 2010-05-17 | 2011-12-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ガソリンの製造方法 |
CN103975043B (zh) * | 2011-10-24 | 2015-11-25 | 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 | 通过使汽车的二氧化碳转化为燃料以降低机动车源排放 |
US9217349B2 (en) | 2011-10-26 | 2015-12-22 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Control apparatus for internal combustion engine |
US8919106B2 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-12-30 | Daimler Ag | Method for operating a motor vehicle internal combustion engine with an exhaust particle filter |
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JP2002350339A (ja) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-04 | Horiba Ltd | エンジン排ガス中の粒子状物質の分析方法 |
JP2006510030A (ja) | 2002-12-16 | 2006-03-23 | トタル、フイナ、エルフ、フランス | 熱機関排気ガスの後処理に使用されるシステムの損傷を連続的に測定するための方法およびデバイス |
JP2007518085A (ja) | 2004-01-09 | 2007-07-05 | マルクス・ゴール | 排ガス混合気内の潤滑油量の測定方法とその装置 |
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