JP5948660B2 - 非水性電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
非水性電解液及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5948660B2 JP5948660B2 JP2014554678A JP2014554678A JP5948660B2 JP 5948660 B2 JP5948660 B2 JP 5948660B2 JP 2014554678 A JP2014554678 A JP 2014554678A JP 2014554678 A JP2014554678 A JP 2014554678A JP 5948660 B2 JP5948660 B2 JP 5948660B2
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- carbonate
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- lithium secondary
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 98
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 97
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 vinylene carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AVTOEKKTKXLWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylene;1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C#C.O=C1OCCO1 AVTOEKKTKXLWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 46
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003543 Li(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015676 LiMn 2-z Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VIEVWNYBKMKQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Mn].[Li] VIEVWNYBKMKQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005463 sulfonylimide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/164—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solvent
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- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/168—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
[発明を実施するための形態]
正極活物質としてLiMn2O4及びLi(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2の混合物96重量%、導電材としてカーボンブラック(carbon black)3重量%、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVdF)3重量%を溶媒のN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に添加して正極混合物スラリーを製造した。前記正極混合物スラリーを厚さ20μm程度の正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布し、乾燥して正極を製造した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を実施して正極を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)= 3:3:4(体積比)の組成を有する非水性有機溶媒を用いて、リチウム塩として LiPF6を単独で用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で行い、非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC):エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC):ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)= 3:3:4(体積比)の組成を有する非水性有機溶媒を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で行い、非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
リチウム塩として LiPF6 を単独で用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で行い、非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
非水性電解液の総量を基準に 、LiPF6 0.1 mole /lとリチウムビスフルオロスルホニルイミド(LiFSI)0.5 mole/lを用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で行い、非水性電解液及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
<低温出力特性試験>
実施例1及び比較例1から3のリチウム二次電池を、-30℃でSOC(充電深度)別に0.5Cで10秒間放電して発生する電圧差で低温出力を計算した。その結果を図1に示した。
<高温(55℃)サイクル特性試験>
実施例1及び比較例1から3のリチウム二次電池を、55℃で定電流/定電圧(CC/ CV)の条件で4.2V/38mAまで1Cで充電した後、定電流(CC)の条件で3.03Vまで3Cに放電し、その放電容量を測定した。これを1から900サイクルで繰り返し実施し、測定した放電容量を図2に示した。
<高温貯蔵後の出力特性>
実施例1及び比較例1から3のリチウム二次電池を60℃で14週間貯蔵した後、SOC 50%において5Cで10秒間放電して発生する電圧差で出力を計算した。その結果を図3に示した。
<高温貯蔵後の容量特性試験>
実施例1及び比較例1から3のリチウム二次電池を60℃で14週間貯蔵後、定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)の条件で4.2V/38mAまで1Cで充電した後、定電流(CC)の条件で3.0Vまで1Cで放電し、その放電容量を測定した。その結果を図4に示した。
<高温貯蔵後のスウェリング(swelling)特性試験>
実施例1及び比較例1から3のリチウム二次電池を60℃で14週間貯蔵後、SOC 95%で貯蔵した後、電池の厚さを測定してその結果を図5に示した。
<LiPF6及びLiFSIのモル比に伴う低温出力特性試験>
LiPF6及びLiFSIのモル比に伴う低温出力特性を調べるために、実施例1と2、及び比較例4のリチウム二次電池を-30℃でSOC(充電深度)別に0.5Cで10秒間放電し、発生する電圧差で低温出力を計算した。その結果を図6に示した。
<LiPF6及びLiFSIのモル比に伴う高温(55℃)サイクル特性試験>
LiPF6及びLiFSIのモル比に伴う高温(55℃)サイクル特性を調べるために、実施例1と2、及び比較例4のリチウム二次電池を、55℃で定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)の条件で4.2V / 38mAまで1Cで充電した後、定電流(CC)の条件で3.03Vまで3Cで放電し、その放電容量を測定した。これを1から1000サイクルで繰り返し実施し、測定した放電容量を図7に示した。
<LiPF6及びLiFSIのモル比に伴う高温貯蔵(60℃)後の容量特性試験>
LiPF6及びLiFSIのモル比に伴う高温貯蔵(60℃)後の容量特性試験を確認するために、実施例1と2、及び比較例4のリチウム二次電池を60℃で14週間貯蔵後、定電流/定電圧(CC/CV)の条件で4.2V/38mAまで1Cで充電した後、定電流(CC)の条件で3.0Vまで1Cで放電し、その放電容量を測定した。その結果を図8に示した。
Claims (11)
- i)カーボネート系溶媒からなる非水性有機溶媒;及び
ii)リチウム塩及びリチウムビスフルオロスルホニルイミド(Lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl)imide; LiFSI)を含み、
前記カーボネート系溶媒は、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)からなり、
前記プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)の体積比は2:4:4であり、
前記リチウム塩と前記リチウムビスフルオロスルホニルイミドの混合比は、モル比で1:6から1:9であり、
前記リチウムビスフルオロスルホニルイミドは、非水性電解液中の濃度が0.6 mole/lから1.5 mole/lであることを特徴とする非水性電解液。 - 前記非水性電解液は、エチレンカーボネート(EC)を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記プロピレンカーボネートの含量は、前記非水性有機溶媒100重量部を基準に5重量部から60重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記プロピレンカーボネートの含量は、前記非水性有機溶媒100重量部を基準に10重量部から50重量部であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記非水性電解液は、ビニレンカーボネート系化合物及びスルトン系化合物をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記ビニレンカーボネート系化合物は、ビニレンカーボネート(vinylene carbonate)、ビニレンエチレンカーボネート(vinylene ethylene carbonate)、又はこれらの混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記スルトン系化合物は、1,3−プロパンスルトン(1,3−propane sultone)、1,4−ブタンスルトン及び1,3−プロペンスルトンからなる群から選ばれるいずれか、又はこれらのうち2種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の非水性電解液。
- 前記リチウム塩は、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、CF3SO3Li、LiC(CF3SO2)3及びLiC4BO8からなる群から選ばれるいずれか、又はこれらうち2種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水性電解液。
- 正極活物質を含む正極;
負極活物質を含む負極;
前記正極と前記負極との間に介在されたセパレータ;及び
請求項1から8の何れか1項に記載の非水性電解液を含むリチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質は、炭素系負極活物質であることを含む請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、黒鉛質(graphite)の炭素であることを含む請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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