JP5932277B2 - 植物の鮮度保持剤および植物の鮮度保持方法 - Google Patents
植物の鮮度保持剤および植物の鮮度保持方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
従来、植物の鮮度を保持させる場合、切断部分を水中に浸す方法、糖類等の栄養源を水に添加する方法、細菌・カビの繁殖を防止する防腐剤・殺菌剤を添加して吸い上げる水の腐敗などによる劣化を防止する方法、チオ硫酸銀を水に添加してエチレンガスの発生を抑制する方法、植物ホルモン剤を水に添加する方法等、各種の方法が行なわれている(例えば、特許文献1,2参照)。上記以外にも植物を保持剤に浸漬して保持剤を吸収させることにより自然状態のまま保存しようとする手法が種々開発されている。例えば保持剤として、フィチン酸(例えば、特許文献3参照)、コウジ酸(例えば、特許文献4参照)を用いることが挙げられる。またグリセリン等の保湿剤の添加は非常に効果があるが、これらは植物が吸収するのに時間がかかるという難点がある。この現象を克服するために、加速剤としてアルカリ金属あるいはアルカリ土類金属の塩を併用する組成物が多く提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。近年、安全・安心志向の高まりから、そのまま食しても安全であり、尚かつ鮮度保持効果を発揮する野菜、果物、花の鮮度保持剤が求められている。例えばサプリメントとして摂取されるような成分によって、野菜、果物、花の鮮度保持効果が発揮される場合、安全な鮮度保持剤としてのみならず、摂取することによる健康増進作用という付加価値も期待できる。
(1)ヒアルロン酸を含有する、植物の鮮度保持剤。
(2)ヒアルロン酸を含有しない植物に、上記(1)記載の植物の鮮度保持剤を接触させることを特徴とする、植物の鮮度保持方法。
(3)上記(2)記載の植物の鮮度保持方法によって得られるヒアルロン酸含有植物。
に関する。
本発明において、「ヒアルロン酸」とは、N−アセチル−D−グルコサミンおよびD−グルクロン酸の2糖による繰り返し構造からなる直鎖の多糖であればよく、由来は特に制限されないが、例えばストレプトコッカス・ズーエピデミカス等の乳酸菌由来や鶏冠由来等が挙げられる。その特性、分子量、分子量分布等は特に制限されないが、一態様において、ヒアルロン酸の分子量が、植物によって吸収されやすい程度にまで分解され、かつ保水効果を有する分子量であることが好ましく、例えば、平均分子量390〜1,500,000であることが望ましく、平均分子量700〜1,100,000がさらに望ましく、平均分子量1,000〜700,000が特に望ましい。平均分子量が異なる市販のヒアルロン酸を2種以上混合して用いることもできる。平均分子量は、例えばサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーと多角度光散乱検出器を組み合わせる方法(SEC/MALS,例えば「国立医薬品食品衛生研究所報告」,2003年,121巻,p.30−33)やMorgan−Elson法とCarbazol硫酸法の組み合わせ等により求めることができる(特開2009−155486号公報参照)。低分子化されたヒアルロン酸の製造方法については特に限定されないが、例えば酸分解法(特開2009−155486号公報参照)や酵素分解法(特開2009−60888号公報参照)が挙げられる。ヒアルロン酸のカウンターイオンの有無については特に限定されず、例えば遊離型、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン等が挙げられる。
ヒアルロン酸(FCH−A、食品添加物グレード、平均分子量23,700、キッコーマンバイオケミファ社製)を0.1%(w/v)、0.05%(w/v)、0.01%(w/v)となるように水道水(対照品1)に溶解し、試験品1〜3を作製した。
N−アセチル−D−グルコサミン(ナカライテスク社製)とグルクロン酸(Alfa Aesar社製、98%)を各0.025%(w/v)ずつとなるように水道水(対照品2)に溶解し、対照品3を作製した。
ヒアルロン酸(FCH−200、平均分子量2,000,000、キッコーマンバイオケミファ社製)を0.05%(w/v)となるように水道水(対照品2)に溶解し、対照品4を作製した。
デンプン(和光純薬工業社製、1級)を0.05%(w/v)となるように水道水(対照品2)に溶解し、対照品5を作製した。
一方で、ヒアルロン酸の構成である2種の単糖を混合した対照品3や、分子量200万の高分子ヒアルロン酸を添加した対照品4では、試験品4のような鮮度保持機能は確認されなかった。
さらに、多糖類の一種であるデンプンを添加した対照品5についても、試験品4のような鮮度保持機能は確認されなかった。
特開2009−155486号公報記載の方法にて作製した低分子化ヒアルロン酸(平均分子量2,000)、ヒアルロン酸 FCH−A(平均分子量23,700、キッコーマンバイオケミファ社製)、FCH−80(平均分子量800,000、キッコーマンバイオケミファ社製)およびFCH−120(平均分子量1,200,000、キッコーマンバイオケミファ社製)をそれぞれ0.1%(w/v)となるように水道水(対照品6)に溶解し、2N 水酸化ナトリウム溶液にてpHを7.5に調整して、試験品5〜8を作製した。
ヒアルロン酸(FCH−A、食品添加物グレード、平均分子量23,700、フードケミファ社製)を0.05%(w/v)となるように水道水(対照品7)に溶解し、試験品9を作製した。
試験品9および対照品7について、市販の豆芽(とうみょう、えんどう豆由来、村上農園社製)を包装から丁寧に取り出して、根が絡まったスポンジごと、そのまま3lのポリビーカーに入れ、葉や茎の上部に触れないようにそれぞれ200mlずつ添加し、26℃にて16時間放置した。一部について、茎をカットして十分に水洗して水分をペーパータオルで除去した後、26℃にて3時間放置した。保存後の豆芽をビーカーに立てかけたときの様子を図5に示す。
試験品9および対照品7について、市販の空心菜の新芽(中津川サラダ農園社製)を包装から丁寧に取り出して、根が絡まったスポンジごと、そのまま1lのポリビーカーに入れ、葉や茎の上部に触れないようにそれぞれ150mlずつ添加し、26℃にて16時間放置した。一部について、茎をカットして十分に水洗して水分をペーパータオルで除去した後、26℃にて3時間放置した。保存後の様子を図6に示す。
Claims (3)
- ヒアルロン酸を含有し、かつ、2〜15℃又は室温下では溶液である、植物の鮮度保持剤であって、
前記ヒアルロン酸は、平均分子量が390〜1,500,000であるヒアルロン酸である、前記植物の鮮度保持剤。 - ヒアルロン酸を含有しない植物に、含まれているヒアルロン酸が植物体内に吸収されるように請求項1記載の植物の鮮度保持剤を接触させることを特徴とする、植物の鮮度保持方法。
- 請求項2記載の植物の鮮度保持方法によって得られるヒアルロン酸含有植物。
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