JP5922207B2 - 灌流造影を含む適用のための造影剤 - Google Patents
灌流造影を含む適用のための造影剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5922207B2 JP5922207B2 JP2014216665A JP2014216665A JP5922207B2 JP 5922207 B2 JP5922207 B2 JP 5922207B2 JP 2014216665 A JP2014216665 A JP 2014216665A JP 2014216665 A JP2014216665 A JP 2014216665A JP 5922207 B2 JP5922207 B2 JP 5922207B2
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- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001428 peripheral nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001050 pharmacotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075930 picrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M picrate anion Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BBLGCDSLCDDALX-LKGBESRRSA-N piericidin A Chemical compound COC=1NC(C\C=C(/C)C\C=C\C(\C)=C\[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C(\C)=C\C)=C(C)C(=O)C=1OC BBLGCDSLCDDALX-LKGBESRRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229950010765 pivalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000022131 polyp of large intestine Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002953 preparative HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004393 prognosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010036807 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000163 radioactive labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010038038 rectal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000001275 rectum cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004366 reverse phase liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000009410 rhabdomyosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylsulfuric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OS(O)(=O)=O MOODSJOROWROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000000306 sarcoidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940001607 sodium bisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-ULWFUOSBSA-M sodium;fluorine-18(1-) Chemical compound [18F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-ULWFUOSBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002536 stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940086735 succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071103 sulfosalicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000006379 syphilis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003478 temporal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VRVUCSVFPXYWBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-dimethyl-[4-(4-methylphenyl)butoxy]silane Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(CCCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 VRVUCSVFPXYWBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOBHGBZNHGYWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-dimethyl-[4-[4-(2-quinazolin-4-yloxyethyl)phenyl]butoxy]silane;2-[4-[4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybutyl]phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OCCCCC1=CC=C(CCO)C=C1.C1=CC(CCCCO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CCOC1=NC=NC2=CC=CC=C12 QOBHGBZNHGYWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 208000012720 thalamic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000016686 tic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940066528 trichloroacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/041—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K51/044—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins
- A61K51/0459—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine, rifamycins having six-membered rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. piperazine
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- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Description
本出願は、35U.S.C.§119(e)の下で2008年2月29日に出願された同時係属の米国仮出願第61/067,593号に対する優先権を主張するものであって、該出願の内容は参照することによって本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、造影部分を含む化合物、ならびに対象の特定の疾患の造影および/または診断におけるそれらの使用に関する。
ミトコンドリアは、ほとんどの真核細胞のサイトゾルの至るところに分布している、膜に囲まれた細胞小器官である。ミトコンドリアレベルは、その機能により大きなエネルギーを必要とする組織において上昇する。該組織の例は、脳、中枢神経系、および癌性組織を含む。
本発明は、ミトコンドリアの正常な機能を妨げると、ミトコンドリア、および、ミトコンドリアに富む組織中に特定の化合物が有利に濃縮しうるという認識に関する。本明細書で記載しているように、該化合物は少なくとも1つの造影部分で標識されていてよく、それゆえミトコンドリアの発達が決定され得、それによって脳および癌の造影用の有用な診断用マーカーを提供する。本明細書において、造影部分が該化合物に付着(例えば結合)している場合、化合物は「標識された」と称される。
Gは
R27、R30、R31、R32、R33、およびR34は、水素、任意に置換されたアルキル、および造影部分から独立して選択され;
R28は、存在する場合、水素および任意に置換されたアルキルから選択されるが、ただし
R29は、存在する場合、任意に置換されたアルキルであるが、ただし
Pは
P’は、存在する場合、水素であるが、ただし
または、PおよびP’は一緒になってオキソ基を形成し;
Qはハロまたはハロアルキルであり;
JはN(R27)、S、O、C(=O)、C(=O)O、NHCH2CH2O、結合、およびC(=O)N(R27)から選択され;
KおよびLは、存在する場合、水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アリール、アルキル、ヘテロアリール、および造影部分から独立して選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;
Mは水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アリール、アルキル、ヘテロアリール、および造影部分から選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており、または
LおよびMは、それらが結合している原子と一緒になって、任意に置換された環を形成し;
nは0、1、2、または3であり;
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、およびR26は、水素、任意に置換されたアルキル、および造影部分から独立して選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;かつ
Yは結合、炭素、および酸素から選択され;ただしYが結合である場合、KおよびLは存在せず、かつ、Mはアリールおよびヘテロアリールから選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;Yが酸素である場合、KおよびLは存在せず、かつ、Mは水素、アルコキシアルキル、アリール、アルキル、およびヘテロアリールから選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されている]
の構造を有し、少なくとも1つの造影部分が式(I)に存在する。
JはN(R27)、S、O、C(=O)、C(=O)O、NHCH2CH2O、結合、またはC(=O)N(R27)から選択され;
KおよびLは、存在する場合、水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アリール、アルキル、ヘテロアリール、および造影部分から独立して選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;
Mは水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アリール、アルキル、ヘテロアリール、および造影部分から選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており、または
LおよびMは、それらが結合している原子と一緒になって、任意に置換された環を形成し;
Qはハロまたはハロアルキルであり;
nは0、1、2、または3であり;
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、およびR27は、水素、任意に置換されたアルキル、および造影部分から独立して選択され;
R29は任意に置換されたアルキルであり;かつ
Yは結合、炭素、および酸素から選択され;ただしYが結合である場合、KおよびLは存在せず、かつ、Mはアリールおよびヘテロアリールから選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;Yが酸素である場合、KおよびLは存在せず、かつ、Mは水素、アルコキシアルキル、アリール、アルキル、およびヘテロアリールから選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されている]
の構造を有し、少なくとも1つの造影部分が式(II)に存在する。
JはN(R27)、S、O、C(=O)、C(=O)O、NHCH2CH2O、結合、およびC(=O)N(R27)から選択され;
Kは水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アリール、アルキル、ヘテロアリール、および造影部分から選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;
Lは、存在する場合、水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アリール、アルキル、ヘテロアリール、および造影部分から選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;
Mは、存在する場合、水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アリール、アルキル、ヘテロアリール、および造影部分から選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており、または
LおよびMは、それらが結合している原子と一緒になって、任意に置換された環を形成し;
TおよびUは、水素、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、アルキル、ハロ、および造影部分から独立して選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており、または、TおよびUは、それらが結合している炭素原子と一緒になって、酸素、窒素、および硫黄から選択される0〜2個のヘテロ原子を含む5〜6員の芳香族もしくは非芳香族環を形成し、該環は任意に置換されたアルキル、および造影部分から独立して選択される1、2、もしくは3個の置換基で任意に置換されており;
nは0、1、2、または3であり;かつ
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、R27、およびR34は、水素、任意に置換されたアルキル、および造影部分から独立して選択され;かつ
Yは結合、炭素、および酸素から選択されるが、ただし、Yが結合である場合、KおよびLは存在せず、かつ、Mはアリールおよびヘテロアリールから選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;Yが酸素である場合、KおよびLは存在せず、かつ、Mは水素、アルコキシアルキル、アリール、アルキル、およびヘテロアリールから選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されている]
の構造を有し、少なくとも1つの造影部分が式(III)に存在する。
本発明は一般的に、灌流造影を含む造影において造影剤を用いる方法に関する。いくつかの実施態様では、本発明の方法は、脳、中枢神経系、癌、またはその部分を含む対象(例えば、哺乳類)内の部位の造影において有用でありうる。本発明のいくつかの実施態様は、広範な取り込みメカニズムに加えて、対象内の高エネルギー需要組織に選択的である造影剤、および関連する方法を提供しうる。いくつかの場合には、本明細書に記載した造影剤および方法は、相対的に低いオフレイト(off rate)で細胞内標的に対する高親和性を有利に示すが、これはミトコンドリアと関連するプロセスを標的にするのに有用でありうる。
本発明における使用に適切な核医用造影剤の例は、11C、13N、18F、123I、および125Iを含み、これらに限定されない。いくつかの場合には、脂肪酸酸化を調べるために11C−パルミテートが用いられてよく、心筋の酸化的代謝を評価するために11C−アセテートが用いられてよい(Circulation 1987, 76, 687-696)。18Fに基づく薬剤は、いくつかの場合には、低酸素症および癌のための造影剤として有用でありうる(Drugs of the Future 2002, 27, 655-667)。1つの実施態様では、本発明の造影剤に利用される造影部分は18Fである。いくつかの実施態様では、本発明の造影部分は、原子番号20以上を有する1つ以上のX線吸収または「重」原子を含んでよい。いくつかの場合には、造影剤は、親分子部分と1つ以上のX線吸収原子の間に位置する任意の結合部分、Lをさらに含んでよい。X線造影剤として用いられる重原子の非限定的例は、ヨウ素である。
典型的には、本明細書に記載した造影剤は、少なくとも第一成分と第二成分を反応させ、それらの間に結合が形成されることによって合成されうる。例えば、18F標識化合物は、少なくとも1つの成分と関連する適切な脱離基のSn2置換を介して2つの成分を反応させることによって合成されうる。該脱離基の例は、トルエンスルホネート(トシレート、TsO−)、メタンスルホネート(メシレート、MsO−)、またはトリフルオロメタンスルホネート(トリフレート、TfO−)などのスルホン酸エステルを含む。該脱離基は、ハロゲン化物、ホスフィンオキシド(光延反応を介して)、または内部脱離基(エポキシドまたは環状硫酸エステルなど)であってもよい。いくつかの実施態様では、該化合物は高度に活性化された乾燥K18Fから合成されうるが、これはクリプトフィックス(krytofix)[2.2.2]などのカリウム封鎖クリプタンドの添加によってより反応性が高くなる。精製は、一般的に逆相クロマトグラフィー(SepPak(登録商標))による除塩を介して行われる。
本発明の造影剤は、対象における造影方法を含む造影方法に用いられてよい。例えば、該方法は、注射(例えば、静脈内注射)、注入、または他のいずれかの既知の方法によって該造影剤を該対象に投与すること、および興味の対象となる症状が位置する該対象の領域を造影することを含んでよい。
本発明の造影方法は、インビボ造影を通じた組織、組織領域、および対象のミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/または密度の決定に基づいて、癌およびCNS障害または疾患を診断および評価するために用いられうる。対象の組織内のミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度の決定は、ミトコンドリアまたはミトコンドリア密度のレベルの変化と関連する疾患の診断および評価を可能にする。正常な(例えば非疾患の)組織のミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度と比較した対象の組織内のミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度の相違は、ミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度の変化を示す(例えば、これらと関連する)該対象の障害または疾患を診断し、または該診断を補助するために用いられてよい。本発明の造影方法を用いて評価しうる障害および疾患の特定の型は、癌ならびにCNS障害および疾患を含む。本発明の造影方法は、単独で、または当該技術分野で既知の他の診断方法と併用して診断方法に用いられてよい。本発明の1つの態様は、対象のミトコンドリアのレベルの検出のために、造影部分およびピリダベン、フェナザキン、ピリダベン類似体、ピリジミフェン類似体、テブフェンピラド類似体、またはフェナザキン類似体から選択される化合物を含む造影剤の使用に関する。この方法は、ミトコンドリアに局在化する造影剤を対象に投与することを含み、それゆえ、ミトコンドリアのレベルが変化し、または異常になっている該対象の領域または組織の検出を可能にする。
重要なことに、ミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度は本発明の造影方法を用いて決定され得、本発明によると有利にコントロールと比較しうる。コントロールは所定の値であってよく、様々な形態をとりうる。それは、中央値または平均値などの単一のカットオフ値であってよい。それは、正常なミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度を有する群と異常なミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度を有する群などの群間比較に基づいて確立されうる。群間比較の別の例は、癌または癌症状を有する群と癌または癌症状を有さない群、またはCNS障害または疾患の症状を有する群とCNS障害または疾患の症状を有さない群であってよい。別の群間比較は、癌またはCNS障害もしくは疾患の家族歴を有する群と該家族歴を有さない群であってよい。所定の値が配置され得、例えば、検査した母集団を均等に(または不均等に)群、例えば低リスク群、中リスク群および高リスク群または四分位または五分位に分割した場合、最も低い四分位または五分位は最も低いリスク(例えば癌またはCNS障害もしくは疾患の)および最も低いミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度を有する個人であり、最も高い四分位または五分位は最も高いリスク(例えば癌またはCNS障害もしくは疾患の)および最も高いミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度を有する個人である。一部のCNS障害または疾患はより高いミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度と関連し、他のCNS障害または疾患はより低いミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度と関連することは、当業者であれば理解できるであろう。当業者であれば、興味の対象となる特定のCNS障害または疾患に基づいて母集団およびリスク群化を帰属させることができるであろう。
本発明のいくつかの態様では、キットが提供される。本発明の造影剤(contrast and imaging agents)を含むキットは、組織および/または対象のミトコンドリアのレベルおよび/またはミトコンドリア密度のインビボ診断、予後および/またはモニタリングのために、本明細書に記載した方法を用いて製造されうる。該キットの成分は、純粋な固体または液体として、水性溶媒、有機溶液または凍結乾燥形態に詰められてよい。本発明の造影剤が該キット中で放射性元素などの造影部分が結合する抱合体の形態にて用いられる場合、該抱合体の成分は、完全に抱合した形態にて、中間体の形態にて、または使用者もしくは該キットによって抱合される分離した部分として提供されうる。
便宜上、本明細書、実施例、および添付の特許請求の範囲にて利用される特定の用語をここで列挙する。
実施例1A
4−[4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)フェニル]−4−オキソ−ブタン酸メチルエステルの合成
4−[4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)フェニル]ブタン酸メチルエステルの合成
4−{4−[2−(キナゾリン−4−イルオキシ)エチル]フェニル}ブタン酸メチルエステルの合成
4−{4−[2−(キナゾリン−4−イルオキシ)エチル]フェニル}ブタン−1−オールの合成
トルエン−4−スルホン酸4−{4−[2−(キナゾリン−4−イルオキシエチル]フェニル}ブチルエステルの合成
4−{2−[4−(4−フルオロブチル)フェニル]エトキシ}キナゾリンの合成
実施例2A
ブタン酸4−フェニルブチルエステルの合成
4−(4−ヒドロキシブチル)安息香酸メチルエステルの合成
4−[4−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)ブチル]安息香酸メチルエステルの合成
{4−[4−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)ブチル]フェニル}−メタノールの合成
2−tert−ブチル−5−{4−[4−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)ブチル]ベンジルオキシ}−4−クロロ−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(4−ヒドロキシ−ブチル)−ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
トルエン−4−スルホン酸4−[4−(1−tert−ブチル−5−クロロ−6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロ−ピリダジン−4−イルオキシメチル)−フェニル]−ブチルエステルの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−(4−(4−フルオロブチル)ベンジル)オキシ3(2H)ピリダジノンの合成
実施例3A
(±)−1−tert−ブチルジメチルシリルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシブタンの合成
(±)−4−(1−tertブチルジメチルシリルオキシブト−2−オキシ)メチルベンゾエートの合成
(±)−4−(1−tertブチルジメチルシリルオキシブト−2−オキシ)ベンジルアルコールの合成
(±)−2−tert−ブチル4−クロロ5−(4−(1−tertブチルジメチルシリルオキシブト−2−オキシ)ベンジル)オキシ3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
(±)−2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−(4−(1−ヒドロキシ−ブト−2−オキシ)ベンジル)オキシ−3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
(±)−2−tert−ブチル4−クロロ5−(4−(1−トシルオキシ−ブト−2−オキシ)ベンジル)オキシ3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
(±)−2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ5−(4−(1−フルオロ−ブト−2−オキシ)ベンジル)オキシ−3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
実施例4A
4−(3−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)−安息香酸メチルエステルの合成
4−[3−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)プロポキシ]安息香酸メチルエステルの合成
{4−[3−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)プロポキシ]フェニル}メタノールの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−{4−[3−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)プロポキシ]ベンジルオキシ}−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(3−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)−ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
トルエン−4−スルホン酸3−[4−(1−tert−ブチル−5−クロロ−6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロ−ピリダジン−4−イルオキシメチル)フェノキシ]プロピルエステルの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(3−フルオロプロポキシ)ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
実施例5A
4−(2−ヒドロキシエトキシメチル)安息香酸メチルエステルの合成
4−[2−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)エトキシメチル]安息香酸メチルエステルの合成
{4−[2−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)エトキシメチル]フェニル}メタノールの合成
2−tert−ブチル−5−{4−[2−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)エトキシメチル]ベンジルオキシ}−4−クロロ−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−ヒドロキシエトキシメチル)ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
トルエン−4−スルホン酸2−[4−(1−tert−ブチル−5−クロロ−6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロ−ピリダジン−4−イルオキシメチル)−ベンジルオキシ]−エチルエステルの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−フルオロ−エトキシメチル)−ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
実施例6A
1−(4−ヒドロキシメチルフェノキシ)プロパン−2−オンの合成
1−(4−ヒドロキシメチル−フェノキシ)−プロパン−2−オールの合成:
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−ヒドロキシプロポキシ)ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
トルエン−4−スルホン酸2−[4−(1−tert−ブチル−5−クロロ−6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロ−ピリダジン−4−イルオキシメチル)−フェノキシ]−1−メチル−エチルエステルの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−フルオロプロポキシ)ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
実施例7A
4−(3−オキソブチル)安息香酸メチルエステルの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(3−ヒドロキシブチル)ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
トルエン−4−スルホン酸3−[4−(1−tert−ブチル−5−クロロ−6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロ−ピリダジン−4−イルオキシメチル)−フェニル]−1−メチルプロピルエステルの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(3−フルオロブチル)ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの合成
実施例8A
4−[2−ヒドロキシエトキシメチル]安息香酸メチルエステル4重水素の合成
4−[2−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)エトキシメチル]安息香酸メチルエステル4重水素の合成
{4−[2−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)エトキシメチル]フェニル}メタノール6重水素の合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−{4−[2−(tert−ブチルジメチルシラニルオキシ)エトキシメチル]ベンジルオキシ}−2H−ピリダジン−3−オン6重水素の合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−ヒドロキシエトキシメチル)ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オン6重水素の合成
トルエン−4−スルホン酸2−[4−(1−tert−ブチル−5−クロロ−6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロ−ピリダジン−4−イルオキシメチル)−ベンジルオキシ]エチルエステル6重水素の合成
これらの実施例で用いられるフッ素−18(18F)は、H2 18Oとして濃縮された酸素−18(18O)と、PETnet(ウォバーン、マサチューセッツ州)によるおよそ10MeVの陽子との陽子衝撃によって製造された。この核反応式は:
O18(p,γ)18F
である。
次のステップは、フェナザキンおよびピリダベン類似体の18Fでの放射性標識を記載する。上記のように、これらのステップは該化合物のそれぞれについて繰り返した。下記の反応スキームは、ピリダベン類似体の合成を具体的に説明する一方、全ての18F−フェナザキンおよびピリダベン類似体についての代表的な合成を表す:
実施例11A
(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)エタン1,2ジオールの合成
1−tert−ブチルジメチルシリルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシ−2−(4−tertブチルフェニル)エタンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−(2−tert−ブチルジメチルシリルオキシ−1−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1−エチル)オキシ−3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−(2−ヒドロキシ−1−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1−エチル)オキシ−3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−(2−p−トルエンスルホニルオキシ−1−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1−エチル)オキシ−3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−(2−フルオロ−1−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1−エチル)オキシ−3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−(2−[18F]−フルオロ−1−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−1−エチル)オキシ−3(2H)−ピリダジノンの合成
実施例12A
4−クロロキナゾリンの合成
4−(4−メチルフェニル)ブタノールの合成
4−(4−メチルフェニル)ブチルtert−ブチルジメチルシリルエーテルの合成
4−(4−ブロモメチルフェニル)ブチルtert−ブチルジメチルシリルエーテルの合成
4−(4−tert−ブチルジメチルシリルオキシブチル)フェニル酢酸の合成
2−ヒドロキシエチル−4−(4−tert−ブチルジメチルシリルオキシブチル)ベンゼンの合成
4−(2−(4−(4−tert−ブチルジメチルシリルオキシブチル)フェニル)エトキシ)キナゾリンの合成
4−(2−(4−(4−ヒドロキシブチル)フェニル)エトキシ)キナゾリンの合成
4−(2−(4−(4−p−トルエンスルホニルオキシブチル)フェニル)エトキシ)キナゾリンの合成:
4−(2−(4−(4−フルオロブチル)フェニル)エトキシ)キナゾリンの合成
4−(2−(4−(4−[18F]−フルオロブチル)フェニル)エトキシ)キナゾリンの合成:
1、2および3mCiの18F標識2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−フルオロ−エトキシメチル)−ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オン(本明細書では薬剤2とも呼ぶ)の静脈内投与後、麻酔下のラット、ウサギおよび非ヒト霊長類(NHP)内のマイクロPETカメラ(Focus220、MICROPET)で造影を行った。カウント取得後、画像を構築し、一連の断層撮影画像となるように手動で再配置した。図1は、正常なNHPにおける2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−[18F]フルオロ−エトキシメチル)−ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンでの、脳の(a)横断面、(b)冠状面、および(c)矢状断面の代表的な画像を示す。これらの画像は、5.1mCiの2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−[18F]フルオロ−エトキシメチル)−ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの注射30分後(mpi)に得、減衰を補正した。2−tert−ブチル−4−クロロ−5−[4−(2−[18F]フルオロ−エトキシメチル)−ベンジルオキシ]−2H−ピリダジン−3−オンの静脈内注射は心拍数およびECG波形に変化を引き起こさず、全ての動物は有害作用なく画像取得の間を乗り切った。取り込みおよび画像の解像度によると、薬剤2が効率的に脳に輸送され、ミトコンドリア密度機能および脳灌流の評価に有用な画像を提供することは明らかである。
本明細書に記載した造影剤を用いて、c−neu腫瘍マウス、OVCAR腫瘍を有するnu/nuマウス、およびHT1080腫瘍を有するnu/nuマウスを含むいくつかのマウス腫瘍モデルを用いた造影研究を行った。該マウスへの麻酔投与後、約500μCiの薬剤2(第1表から)を静脈内に注射し、腫瘍をマイクロPETスキャナーに造影した。画像取得後、画像を断層撮影画像に再構築した。図4は、c−neu腫瘍マウスの代表的な横断面(左の画像)および冠状面(右の画像)画像を示すが、薬剤2で造影した場合に腫瘍が可視化されている。さらに、造影後、マウスモデルにて薬剤2の腫瘍取り込みを測定した。取り込みは組織1グラム当たり1〜4%投与量の範囲で検出可能であった。
Claims (8)
- 対象の癌の少なくとも一部を造影するための医薬組成物であって、式(II)、
JはSまたはOであり;
KおよびLは、存在する場合、水素、任意に置換されたアルキル、および造影部分から独立して選択され;
Mは水素、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルオキシ、アルキル、および造影部分から選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されており;
Qはハロまたはハロアルキルであり;
nは0、1、2、または3であり;
R21、R22、R23、R24、R25、R26、およびR27は、水素、任意に置換されたアルキル、および造影部分から独立して選択され;
R29は任意に置換されたアルキルであり;かつ
Yは炭素および酸素から選択され;ただしYが酸素である場合、KおよびLは存在せず、かつ、Mは水素、アルコキシアルキル、およびアルキルから選択され、そのそれぞれは任意に置換されている]
の構造を有する造影剤を含み、少なくとも1つの造影部分が式(II)に存在し、かつ、造影部分が 18 Fであり;かつ
該任意の置換基がアルキル、アルケニル、シクロアルキル、アルキルアリール、アルキルカルボニル、アリール、アリールアルキル、アルキルアリールアルキル、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキル、アルコキシカルボニル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクリルアルキル、アミノ、チオール、−OH、ホスフェート、−CO2H、=O、ハロ、トリフルオロメチル、ニトロ、シアノ、エステル、アルデヒド、アミド、ケト、アジド、スルフヒドリル、イミノ、ホスホネート、ホスフィネート、カルボニル、カルボキシル、シリル、エーテル、アルキルチオ、スルホニル、スルホンアミド、および造影部分の1つ以上から選択され、
各アルキルはC1−C6アルキルであり、
各アルコキシは酸素原子を通じて親分子部分と結合するC1−C6アルキル基であり、
各アルコキシアルキルは1、2、または3個のアルコキシ基で置換されたC1−C6アルキル基であり、かつ
各ハロアルキルは1、2、3、または4個のハロゲン原子によって置換されたC1−C6アルキル基である、医薬組成物。 - 癌が(a)原発腫瘍もしくは異常増殖、または(b)転移成長である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- JがOである、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- R29がtert−ブチルである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- Mが造影部分で任意に置換されたアルコキシアルキルである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物が1つ以上の医薬的に許容される担体、添加剤、および/または希釈剤を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
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