JP5916871B2 - ドーピング物質を有する有機電子素子、ドーピング物質の使用、及び前記ドーピング物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
ドーピング物質を有する有機電子素子、ドーピング物質の使用、及び前記ドーピング物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5916871B2 JP5916871B2 JP2014536213A JP2014536213A JP5916871B2 JP 5916871 B2 JP5916871 B2 JP 5916871B2 JP 2014536213 A JP2014536213 A JP 2014536213A JP 2014536213 A JP2014536213 A JP 2014536213A JP 5916871 B2 JP5916871 B2 JP 5916871B2
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- copper complex
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000004699 copper complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- CRHRWHRNQKPUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-naphthalen-1-yl-1-n,1-n-bis[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 CRHRWHRNQKPUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 copper cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000103 photoluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)but-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C\C=C\CO DYLIWHYUXAJDOJ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOXLGCOSAFGMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline Chemical compound NC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F NOXLGCOSAFGMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BEECAQIHCYTZHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F BEECAQIHCYTZHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical class [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DPZSNGJNFHWQDC-ARJAWSKDSA-N (z)-2,3-diaminobut-2-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(/N)=C(/N)C#N DPZSNGJNFHWQDC-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOYZGLGJSAZOAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,4-n-triphenyl-4-n-[4-[4-(n-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]anilino)phenyl]phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XOYZGLGJSAZOAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-diphenyl-4-n,4-n-bis[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MGNMGUIBVXLCKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-[4-[4-(n-[4-(2-methyl-n-(2-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-4-n,4-n-bis(2-methylphenyl)-1-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)C=C1 MGNMGUIBVXLCKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KDOQMLIRFUVJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-naphthalen-2-yl-1-n,1-n-bis[4-(n-naphthalen-2-ylanilino)phenyl]-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C=C1 KDOQMLIRFUVJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBSBTIMHMYAFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(F)(F)F LBSBTIMHMYAFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000606537 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-phenylamine Natural products CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039666 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910019854 Ru—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O1C(COC(=O)C)COCC1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 VJMAITQRABEEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004705 aldimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHERLLWHOMUAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,2-trifluoroaniline Chemical class FN(F)C1=CC=CC=C1F SHERLLWHOMUAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMCCZKHIPVEUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-difluoroaniline Chemical class FN(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMCCZKHIPVEUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJFKMIYGRJGWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-methyl-4-[2-methyl-4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)=CC=C1C(C(=C1)C)=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJFKMIYGRJGWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(dinaphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=C21 QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-2-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C=C1 BLFVVZKSHYCRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBFXFIPIIMAZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-phenanthren-9-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylphenanthren-9-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C=2)C=C1 LBFXFIPIIMAZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKQHEBAYOGHIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[9-[4-(dinaphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]fluoren-9-yl]phenyl]-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3(C=4C=CC(=CC=4)N(C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)C=4C=C5C=CC=CC5=CC=4)C4=CC=CC=C4C=4C3=CC=CC=4)=CC=C21 PKQHEBAYOGHIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005287 template synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
配位子と錯体を同時に合成することは、テンプレート合成とも呼ばれることがある。これはつまり、配位子、及び配位子を有する錯体を製造するために、一段階の反応のみを行えばよいということである。同じことが、1つ以上の配位子を有する銅錯体の製造にも当てはまる。
1)銅II(N,N’−2,3−ブテン−1,4−ジニトリル−2,3−ジイル)−ジサリシルアルジミネート(以降、K1と呼ぶ)
Cu(CH3COO)2(0.04mol;7.99g)と、エタノール(300ml)との混合物を装入し、熱しながらCu(CH3COO)2が完全に溶解するまで撹拌する。第二の反応バッチに、原料のサリシルアルデヒド(0.021mol;2.63g)、ジアミノマレオニトリル(0.04ml;4.32g)、及びエタノール(150ml)を装入し、同様に溶解させる。これら2つの溶液を1つにまとめ一晩還流させた後に、赤黒い固体物質が分離し、これを濾別する(粗生成物の収率:5.65g、38%に相当)。この粗生成物を、DMF(300ml)で再結晶によって、続いてエタノール/ジエチルエーテルによる沈殿によって精製する。
Cu(CH3COO)2(0.0233mol;4.66g)を、エタノール(120ml)中に溶解させる。別個の溶液として、p−トルイジン(0.047mol;5g)、及びサリシルアルデヒド(0.047mol;5.7g)、及びエタノール(120ml)を装入し、溶解させる。これら2つの混合物を1つにまとめ、一晩にわたって室温で撹拌する。この懸濁液を少し濃縮し、続いて茶色っぽい黒色の沈殿を濾別し、乾燥させた。粗生成物の収率は、9.95gである(87.5%に相当)。
サリシルアルデヒド(S)とブチルアミン(B)を、エタノール溶液中の銅塩の存在下、プロトン性触媒を用いずに縮合してアルジミン誘導体にし、この誘導体を、形成後直ちに銅の配位子球面に導入する:
M1:9.10e−9S/m
K1−2:1.81e−6S/m
K1−5:1.86e−6S/m
Kl−10:2.15e−6S/m
K2−5:3.45e−6S/m
K2−15:1.06e−6S/m
K2−30:1.45e−6S/m
10)上記方法に従い、3,5−ジフルオロサリシルアルデヒドと、ペンタフルオロアニリンとから製造可能なp型ドーピング物質のさらなる実施例は、式Va及びVbに示したシス型及びトランス型である:
Claims (16)
- ・基板(10)、
・前記基板(10)上の第一電極(20)、
・前記第一電極(20)上にある少なくとも1つの有機機能層(30)、
当該機能層は、p型ドーピング物質が導入されたマトリックス材料を含有するものであり、及び
・前記少なくとも1つの有機機能層(30)上にある第二電極(90)
を有する有機電子素子であって、
前記p型ドーピング物質が銅錯体を含有し、当該銅錯体は、下記一般式I又はIIのいずれか:
前記式中、R 1 、R 1' 、R 2x 、R 2x' (ただし、x=a、b、c、又はd)は相互に独立して、非分枝状、分枝状、縮合された、環状の、非置換の及び置換されたアルキル基、置換された及び非置換の芳香族化合物、置換された及び非置換の複素環式芳香族化合物、電子求引性置換基、並びに水素を含む群から選択される、
前記有機電子素子。 - 前記銅錯体が、酸化状態IIの銅カチオンを含有する、請求項1に記載の有機電子素子。
- R1とR1'、及びR2xとR2x'が、それぞれ同一である、請求項1に記載の有機電子素子。
- R1とR1'が相互に結合されている、請求項1に記載の有機電子素子。
- R1、R1'、R2x、及びR2x'のうち少なくとも1つが、電子求引性置換基を有する、請求項1に記載の有機電子素子。
- 前記少なくとも1つの有機機能層(30)が正孔伝導性である、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の有機電子素子。
- 前記マトリックス材料が、有機低分子、ポリマー、又はこれらの混合物を含有する正孔輸送材料である、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の有機電子素子。
- 前記p型ドーピング物質の分子がそれぞれ、前記マトリックス材料の少なくとも1つの分子によって配位している、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の有機電子素子。
- 前記p型ドーピング物質が、前記マトリックス材料中に0.1〜50体積%の濃度で存在している、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の有機電子素子。
- 電界効果トランジスタ、太陽電池、光検知器、光学電子素子、発光ダイオード、及びディスプレーを含む群から選択されている、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の有機電子素子。
- 前記機能層が、正孔輸送層として、及び/又は電荷生成層の正孔伝導性部分層として成形されている、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の有機電子素子。
- R 1 、R 1' 、R 2x 、及びR 2x' のうち少なくとも1つが、電子求引性置換基としてフッ素を有する、請求項1に記載の有機電子素子。
- 前記p型ドーピング物質が、電子受容体特性を有し、マトリックス材料上に正孔を生成させる、請求項1に記載の有機電子素子。
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US10158092B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
US20140264313A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
KR102009057B1 (ko) | 2019-08-08 |
CN106046030A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
WO2013057130A1 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
CN103890136B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
DE102011084639A1 (de) | 2013-04-18 |
EP2768926A1 (de) | 2014-08-27 |
US9799840B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 |
KR20140106503A (ko) | 2014-09-03 |
CN103890136A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
CN106046030B (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
US20180108849A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
EP2768926B1 (de) | 2018-09-19 |
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