JP5908095B2 - 光起電力素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 217
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 172
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 147
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 65
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 65
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEMZLVDIUVCKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OO.OS(O)(=O)=O XEMZLVDIUVCKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 structural defects Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1は、本実施の形態にかかる光起電力素子を示す断面図、図2は同光起電力素子の製造工程を示す図であり、(a)〜(c)は工程断面図、図3は、同光起電力素子の製造装置における基板の製膜領域を制御するための基板配置を示す模式図であり、(a)は第2導電型の半導体層の形成に用いられるCVD装置、(b)は、第1導電型の半導体層の形成に用いられるCVD装置を示す断面模式図である。図4は、本発明の実施の形態1の光起電力素子の製造工程を示すフローチャートである。
図6は本発明の実施の形態2による光起電力素子の構造を示す断面図である。図7はこの光起電力素子の製造工程を示すフローチャートである。図6の光起電力素子は、第2主面1Bに第2の非晶質シリコンi層3および非晶質シリコンn層5の堆積時に、マスクを用いることにより、非晶質シリコンi層3、非晶質シリコンn層5が基板(n型シリコン基板1)よりも小面積となるように形成されている。その他の構成については図1に示した実施の形態1の光起電力素子と同様であるので、説明は省略する。
図8は本発明の実施の形態3による光起電力素子の構造を示す断面図である。図9はこの光起電力素子の製造工程を示すフローチャートである。図8の光起電力素子は、第1のITO層(透明導電膜)6の形成に先立ち、第2主面1Bに第2の非晶質シリコンi層3および非晶質シリコンn層5を形成している。その他の構成については図1に示した実施の形態1の光起電力素子と同様であるので、説明は省略する。なお、本実施の形態では、実施の形態2とは異なり、第2の非晶質シリコンi層3および非晶質シリコンn層5は、第2主面1Bの全面に形成されるが、この際、第2の非晶質シリコンi層3および非晶質シリコンn層5は第2主面1Bだけでなく、側面1Cおよび第1主面1Aの周縁部にまで形成されている。
図10は本発明の実施の形態4による光起電力素子の構造を示す断面図である。図11はこの光起電力素子の製造工程を示すフローチャートである。図10の光起電力素子はn型シリコン基板1の全面に実質的に真性な非晶質シリコン層である第1の非晶質シリコンi層2を形成した(ステップS1005S)後、非晶質シリコンp層4(ステップS1006)、第1のITO層(透明導電膜)6(ステップS1007)、非晶質シリコンn層5(ステップS1009)、第2のITO層(透明導電膜)7(ステップS1010)をこの順に形成し、最後に金属電極8を形成する(ステップS1011)。
図13は本発明の実施の形態5による光起電力素子の構造を示す断面図である。図14はこの光起電力素子の製造工程を示すフローチャートである。図13の光起電力素子はn型シリコン基板1の第1主面1A、側面1Cおよび第2主面1Bの周縁部に実質的に真性な非晶質シリコン層である第1の非晶質シリコンi層2を形成した(ステップS1005)後に、マスクを用いて第2の非晶質シリコンi層3を形成する(ステップS1008)。次に非晶質シリコンp層4を形成する(ステップS1006S)。この時、図3(a)に示した構造のCVD装置を用いるが、第1の非晶質シリコンi層2を形成する時に用いたよりも大きく、かつn型シリコン基板1よりも小さい面積の凸部を有する凸型の構造体を支持台102として用いることで、目的とする構造を作製することができる。その後、非晶質シリコンn層5(ステップS1009)、第1のITO層6(ステップS1007)、第2のITO層7(ステップS1010)をこの順に形成し、最後に金属電極8を形成する(ステップS1011)。この場合、第1のITO層6と第2のITO層7の間に、第1の非晶質シリコンi層2、非晶質シリコンp層4、非晶質シリコンn層5の積層構造が作製できる。
Claims (15)
- 第1主面と、側面と、第2主面とを備えた、第1導電型の半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記第1主面全体を覆い、前記第1主面から前記側面を経て前記第2主面の周縁部を覆うように形成された、第2導電型の半導体層と、
前記第2導電型の半導体層と前記半導体基板の間に介在せしめられた第1の真性半導体層と、
前記第2導電型の半導体層に当接し、前記第1主面から前記側面まで到達するように形成された第1の透明導電膜と、
前記半導体基板の前記第2主面に形成された第1導電型の半導体層と、
前記第1導電型の半導体層と前記半導体基板の間に介在せしめられた第2の真性半導体層と、
前記半導体基板の前記第2主面側に、前記第1導電型の半導体層上に当接するように設けられた第2の透明導電膜とを備え、
前記第2の透明導電膜は、端部が前記半導体基板の前記第2主面の外縁よりも内側に位置するように形成され、かつ前記第2の透明導電膜の端部から、前記第2主面に向かう法線上で前記第1の透明導電膜と交差することのないように形成され、
前記第2主面上で、第1の透明導電膜の端部と前記第2の透明導電膜の端部の間に位置する領域に、前記第1の真性半導体層、前記第2導電型の半導体層、前記第2の真性半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層の順に積層された構造、あるいは前記第1の真性半導体層、前記第2導電型の半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層の順に積層された構造の少なくとも一方を備えることを特徴とする光起電力素子。 - 前記半導体基板の前記第2主面の周縁部において、前記第1の透明導電膜の端部と前記第2の透明導電膜の端部の間に、前記第1の真性半導体層、前記第2導電型の半導体層、前記第2の真性半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層の順に積層された構造、または前記第1の真性半導体層、前記第2導電型の半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層の順に積層された構造の領域が、前記半導体基板の第2主面上での端部から中心に向かう方向における長さが0.1mm以上3mm以下であり、かつ前記第1の透明導電膜の端部と前記第2の透明導電膜の端部の間隔が、0.1mm以上3mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記第1導電型の半導体層が、前記第2導電型の半導体層よりも上層に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記半導体基板の側面において、前記第1の透明導電膜は、前記第2導電型の半導体層に当接し、前記第2の真性半導体層および前記第1導電型の半導体層の積層体の上層に配されたことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記第1の真性半導体層および前記第2導電型の半導体層は、
前記半導体基板の前記第2主面の周縁部まで形成されており、
前記周縁部において、積層された前記第1の真性半導体層、前記第2導電型の半導体層、前記第2の真性半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層と、前記第2の透明導電膜との間に、前記半導体基板の前記第2主面に接する前記第2の真性半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の光起電力素子。 - 前記第2導電型の半導体層および前記第1の真性半導体層が、前記第1主面での膜厚の50%以上の膜厚を維持して、
前記半導体基板の前記側面から前記第2主面の周縁に回り込む距離が前記第2主面の端部から0.1mm以上3mm以内であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の光起電力素子。 - 前記半導体基板は結晶シリコン基板であり、
前記第1および第2導電型の半導体層および前記第1および第2の真性半導体層は非晶質または微結晶シリコン系薄膜層であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の光起電力素子。 - 前記第2主面上の周縁部において前記第1の透明導電膜の端部と前記第2の透明導電膜の端部の間に、前記第1の真性半導体層と前記第2の真性半導体層が重なるように形成された構造を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記第2主面上の周縁部において、前記第2の真性半導体層が前記第1の真性半導体層と重なって形成される領域が、前記第2主面の中心に向かう方向に対し、0.1mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の光起電力素子。
- 第1主面と、側面と、第2主面とを備えた、第1導電型の半導体基板上に、
第1の真性半導体層を介して前記半導体基板の前記第1主面全体を覆い、前記側面を経て前記第2主面の周縁部上まで到達するように、第2導電型の半導体層を形成する工程と、
前記第2導電型の半導体層に当接し、前記第1主面から前記側面まで到達する第1の透明導電膜を形成する工程と、
少なくとも前記半導体基板の前記第2主面上に第2の真性半導体層を介して、前記第2主面に、第1導電型の半導体層を形成する工程と、
前記半導体基板の前記第2主面側で、前記第1導電型の半導体層上に当接する第2の透明導電膜を形成する工程とを含み、
前記第2の透明導電膜は、端部が前記半導体基板の前記第2主面の外縁よりも内側に位置するように形成され、
前記第2の透明導電膜の端部から、前記第2主面に向かう法線上で前記第1の透明導電膜と交差することのないように形成され、
前記第2主面上で、前記第1の透明導電膜の端部と前記第2の透明導電膜の端部の間に位置する領域に、前記第1の真性半導体層、前記第2導電型の半導体層、前記第2の真性半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層の順に積層された構造、または前記第1の真性半導体層、前記第2導電型の半導体層、前記第1導電型の半導体層の順に積層された構造のいずれか一方を備えることを特徴とする光起電力素子の製造方法。 - 前記各工程は、前記半導体基板よりも小さい面積の凸部を有する支持台を使用する工程であり、
前記各工程は、前記支持台の前記凸部に前記半導体基板の前記第1主面側または前記第2主面側を当接させ、
各層が、前記第1又は第2主面全体を覆い、前記側面を経て前記第2又は第1主面側の周縁部上まで到達する距離を調整する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の光起電力素子の製造方法。 - 前記第2導電型の半導体層を形成する工程は、
前記第1の真性半導体層を形成する時よりも大きく、かつ前記半導体基板よりも小さい面積の凸部を有する支持台を用い、前記凸部に前記半導体基板の前記第2主面を当接させ、
前記第1主面全体を覆い、前記側面を経て前記第2主面の周縁部上まで到達するように、前記第2導電型の半導体層を形成する工程であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の光起電力素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1の透明導電膜を形成する工程は、前記第1および第2の真性半導体層を形成する工程の後に実行されることを特徴とする請求項10から12のいずれか1項に記載の光起電力素子の製造方法。
- 前記第2主面上の周縁部であって前記第1の透明導電膜の端部と前記第2の透明導電膜の端部の間に、前記第1の真性半導体層と前記第2の真性半導体層が重なるように形成することを特徴とする請求項10から12のいずれか1項に記載の光起電力素子の製造方法。
- 前記半導体基板は結晶シリコン基板であり、
前記第1および第2導電型の半導体層および前記第1および第2の真性半導体層は非晶質または微結晶シリコン系薄膜層であることを特徴とする請求項10から14のいずれか1項に記載の光起電力素子の製造方法。
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