JP5906014B2 - 前駆期認知症患者のための食品組成物 - Google Patents
前駆期認知症患者のための食品組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5906014B2 JP5906014B2 JP2010514660A JP2010514660A JP5906014B2 JP 5906014 B2 JP5906014 B2 JP 5906014B2 JP 2010514660 A JP2010514660 A JP 2010514660A JP 2010514660 A JP2010514660 A JP 2010514660A JP 5906014 B2 JP5906014 B2 JP 5906014B2
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Description
本発明は、前駆期認知症患者の特徴を有する人における認知症の発症の防止又は遅延化において使用するための、(a)1種以上のω−3脂肪酸、(b)ウリジン又はシチジン又はそれらの等価体(equivalents)、及び(c)メチル供与体、を含む組成物に関する。
−脳脊髄液(CSF)のリットル当たり350ngより多い合計−タウ(tau)の水準;
−CSFにおいての6.5未満のベータアミロイド−42/ホスホ−タウ−181(abeta−42/Phospho−tau−181)の重量比;
−内側側頭葉(MTL)萎縮の存在、(年齢規準で十分に特徴づけられる集団に関連しての)視覚的得点(スコア)を用いての定性的等級づけ、又は(年齢規準で十分に特徴づけられる集団に関連しての)問題領域の定量的容量測定のいずれかを用いての核磁気共鳴映像(MRI)上に示された海馬、内嗅皮質または扁桃の容積損失の存在;
−定性的等級づけ又は定量的容量測定を用いてのMRI上に示された前側頭葉(FTL)萎縮の存在;
−CSFのmL当たり25pgより大の水準の、F2−イソ−プロスタン(F2−IsoP、イソプロスタン8,12−イソ−iPF2アルファ−VI)。
−ポジトロン放出断層撮影法(PET)により検出可能な、脳の両側性頭頂側頭領域における減少したグルコース代謝;
−PETにより検出可能な、後方帯状皮質における減少したグルコース代謝;
−例えば、放射性同位元素99mTc−HMPAO)適用による単光子放射型コンピュター断層撮影法(SPECT)適用により測定可能な、脳における血流障害;
−SPECTを適用することにより測定可能な脳におけるグルコース代謝障害;
−MRIにより、又はグルコース利用の速度において測定可能な、内側又は下側の側頭葉の組織学においての異常;
−頭頂側頭皮質又は後方帯状皮質においての組織学又はグルコース利用においての異常。
使用されるべきLCPは好ましくは、ドコサヘキサエン酸(22:6 ω−3;DHA)、ドコサペンタエン酸(22:5 ω−3;DPA)及びエイコサペンタエン酸(20:5 ω−3;EPA)から選ばれた少なくとも1種のLCPを含む。好ましくは本発明の組成物は、少なくともDHA、好ましくはDHA及びEPAを含む。さらに好ましくは本発明の組成物はDHA、及びEPA及びDPAから選ばれたDHAの少なくとも1種の前駆期体、さらに好ましくは本発明の組成物はDHA、DPA及びEPAを含む。本発明者等は、脳に導入されるDHAのほんの一部分が、経口的に摂取されたDHAからのものであることを認識した。脳に導入されるDHAの重要な部分は、脳においてDPAからDHAへの転換より誘導される。追加の面において、本発明の組成物は好ましくは有意義な量のEPAを含有する。EPAは、後で脳においてDPA(ω−3)からDHAへの転換を増大させる、DPA(ω−3)に転換される。したがって、本発明の組成物は好ましくはまた、インビボでDHA形成をさらに刺激するように、EPAの有意義な量を含有する。
本発明の組成物は、好ましくは飽和脂肪酸及び/又は一価不飽和脂肪酸を含む。飽和脂肪酸の量は、合計脂肪酸に基づいて好ましくは6〜60重量%、合計脂肪酸に基づいて好ましくは12〜40重量%、さらに好ましくは20〜40重量%である。特に、C14:0(ミリスチン酸)+C16:0(パルミチン酸)の量は、合計脂肪酸に基づいて好ましくは5〜50重量%、好ましくは8〜36重量%、さらに好ましくは15〜30重量%である。オレイン酸及びパルミトレイン酸のような一価不飽和脂肪酸の合計量は、好ましくは5〜40重量%、さらに好ましくは15〜30重量%である。飽和脂肪酸及び/又は一価不飽和脂肪酸の包含は前駆期患者の活動を助けるエネルギー源を提供する。
好ましくは本発明の組成物は、リン脂質、好ましくは脂質の合計重量に基づいて0.1〜50重量%、さらに好ましくは脂質の合計重量に基づいて0.5〜20重量%、さらに好ましくは1〜5重量%のリン脂質を含む。脂質の合計量は、好ましくは乾燥物質について10〜30重量%そして/又は液体組成物について100ml当たり2〜6gの脂質である。リン脂質の包含は、膜機能を有利に改善し、それにより前駆期患者において影響される可能性がある脳の異なる部分の改善された機能を可能にする。さらにリン脂質は本製品の安定性を改善する。リン脂質は美味な製品の製造をさらに可能にする。またリン脂質はコリンの源であり、そして運動後の血漿コリン水準の低下を防止する。コリンは、学習及び記憶並びに筋肉の活性化に関与する神経伝達物質であるアセチルコリンの生成のために必要である。これらの利点は、比較的に低いリン脂質水準で既に達成されている。
好ましくは本発明の組成物は、ヌクレオシド及びその等価体(equivalents)を含む。等価体は、ヌクレオチド、核酸塩基(nucleobases)、ヌクレオシド及びリン酸化及び/又はアシル化形を含む。全てのそのような等価体は、身体、血液、肝臓及び脳のような組織においてのヌクレオシドの活性形の内因性水準を増大させることができる。有用な成分は、植物、動物、バクテリア、藻類又は酵母材料の抽出物、ならびに合成化合物を包含する。
定義されたようなヌクレオチド等価体、及び特に定義されたようなウリジン源は、毎日の活動への、上に定義されたような脂質画分(fractions)の効果を支え、そして/又は高めるために重要であることが本発明者等により見い出された。特に(i)ウリジンと(ii)DHA及び/又はEPAとの本発明の組み合わせは、驚くべきほどに効果的である。生化学的水準にて、これは膜におけるセラミド代謝の改良、そして特に単純なセラミドの存在を犠牲にする、糖脂質の増大として観察されうる。
好ましくは本発明の組成物はメチル供与体を含有する。メチル供与体は、インビボで個々の人に投与した場合に、メチル、メチレン又はホルミル基を提供することができる、食品級の化合物である。本発明の組成物に含まれるメチル供与体は、好ましくは、セリン、メチオニン、コリン、ベタイン、ジメチルグリシン及びサルコシン、及びそれらの誘導体から選ばれる。メチル供与体は、そのまま純粋な化合物として、それらの塩として、そしてメチル供与体がアミノ酸に共有結合されており且つ600ダルトン未満の分子量を有する化合物として、配合物に包含されることができる。
本発明の組成物は1種以上のミネラル類を包含させることによりさらに改良されることができる。好ましくは本発明の組成物は亜鉛、マグネシウム、銅、マンガン及びモリブデンから選ばれた少なくとも1種のミネラルを含む。好ましくは本発明の組成物はマンガン及びモリブデンを含む。
規定食にマンガンを包含させることは、細胞の膜機能、特に神経細胞の膜機能を改良するために重要である。特に栄養失調であるか、あるいはスフィンゴミェリン、及び/又はスルファチド及びグリコシル化セラミドのような関連化合物を生成するための課せられた代謝能力に関与する遺伝性又は代謝障害を有する人々は、ミネラル画分(fraction)の包含から利益を得る。1日当たりに投与されるマンガンの量は、好ましくは0.1mg以上、さらに好ましくは0.1〜1mgである。好ましくは本方法は、0.05〜2mgマンガン/100ml、好ましくは0.1〜1mgマンガン/100mlを含む(液体)組成物の投与を含む。
追加的なモリブデンは、膜の適当な組成、例えばそれらのスルファチド含有分を造るために重要であると思われ、そして特に神経細胞の適当な機能を果たすのを確実にする補助因子の適当な機能を果たすのを可能にするために非常に好ましい。さらに適当な量のモリブデンを包含させると、加齢の途中にある初老の一部分の人において脳の収縮を遅延化させる。本方法は、100ml当たり、0.1〜100マイクログラムのモリブデン、好ましくは100ml当たり1〜50マイクログラムのモリブデンを含む組成物の投与を含む。
脳においてのたんぱく質を安定化させるため、そしてその集塊化を防止するために、毎日の生活の活動を与えることが出来る、上に記載されたような脂質又はヌクレオチド画分(fraction)を含む製品に、追加的亜鉛を包含させることがまた、好ましい。本方法は、好ましくは0.05mg〜25mgの亜鉛/100ml、好ましくは0.1〜10mgの亜鉛/100mlを含む組成物の投与を含む。
本発明の組成物はビタミンC、ビタミンE及びBビタミン類のようなビタミンを有利に含有することができる。有利にはビタミン12及び葉酸塩(folate)は低い血漿中B12/葉酸塩水準がADの発現に対しての危険因子である故、包含させる。
本発明の組成物は、好ましくは即席使用の液体、固体又は半液体製品である。それはまた、溶解又は希釈のために適当であるか、又は二次製品を強化する目的のために適当である濃縮された形であることができる。本製剤は、飲料、乳濁液(エマルジョン)、分散液、ピル又はカプセル、棒剤(bar)、顆粒にされているか又はされていない粉末、プッディング、ソース、ゲル、アイスクリーム、スープ、クッキー、棒つき飴、キャンデー、又は当業界に知られている他の形であることができる。本発明の組成物は好ましくは経腸的に投与され、さらに好ましくは経口的に投与される。最も好ましくは本発明の組成物はストローに通過させて投与される。本製品は、好ましくは10〜50g、さらに好ましくは15〜35gの毎日の投与量単位の乾燥重量を有するサプリメントとして使用されるのが好ましい。それが即席使用液体である場合毎日の液体量は1日当たり又は単位当たり75〜200ml、最も好ましくは90〜150ml/日である。
前駆期認知症患者として診断された患者のためのカプセル
液体が1.1gであり、そして
飽和脂肪酸 34g、
オレイン酸 15g、
エイコサペンタエン酸 7g、
ドコサヘキサエン酸 27g、
リノール酸 2.6g、
アルファ−リノール酸 0.6g、
脂肪酸を100gにする量での他の脂肪酸、
を脂肪酸プロフィールとして提供する植物油及び海産(marine)油の脂質のブレンドの0.8g、
ウリジン一リン酸の200mg、
コリンの50mg、
(葉酸、ビタミンB12、ビタミンB6、ミネラル類、微量元素を含む)他の成分の50mg、
を含む、液相を取り囲む、ゆっくりと溶解することが出来る重合体材料のコーティング。
補助料理を強化するためのゲル
ゲルは10g当たり、
−100mgのDHA、
−100mgのUMP、
−50mgのコリン、
−40μgの葉酸、
−50mgのアスパラギン酸マグネシウム、
の量で、脂質の画分、ヌクレオチドの画分、メチル供与体及びミネラルの画分を含有する。
包装を有するサプリメント
包装された組成物は、125ml当たり、エネルギー125キロカロリー;タンパク質 3.9g;炭水化物 16.5g;脂肪 4.9gを含む。
脂肪は、1.5gのDHA+EPA及び106mgのリン脂質(大豆レシチン);コリン 400mg;UMP(ウリジン一リン酸) 625mg;ビタミンE 40mgα−TE、ビタミンC 80mg;セレン 60μg;ビタミンB12 3μg;ビタミンB6 1mg;葉酸 400μgを含む。
ミネラル及び微量元素:ナトリウム 125mg;カリウム 187.5mg;塩化物 156.3mg;カルシウム 100mg;リン 87.5mg;マグネシウム 25mg;鉄 2mg;亜鉛 1.5mg;銅 225μg;マンガン 0.41mg;モリブデン 12.5μg;クロム 8.4μg;ヨウ素 16.3μg。
ビタミン類:ビタミンA 200μg−RE;ビタミンD3 0.9μg;ビタミンK 6.6μg;チアミン(B1) 0.19mg;リボフラビン(B2) 0.2mg;ナイアシン(B3) 2.25mg−NE;パントテン酸(B5) 0.66mg;ビオチン 5μg;を含む。
前駆期アルツハイマー病のモデルにおいての神経変性における規定食誘導変化
若い雌のAPP/PS1遺伝子導入マウス及びそれらの野生タイプの同腹子対照に規定食A(対照食)、又は表1に示されたような添加剤を有する規定食Cのいずれかを餌として与えた。規定食介入の開始の3か月後にマウスを犠牲にし、そして脳を回収した。この段階でマウスは6か月齢に過ぎず、この時点で行動障害又は認知欠陥のいずれの兆しも示さない。たった10か月齢で、これらのマウスにおいて最初の記憶欠陥が明らかになる〔オクスマン(Oksman)等のNeurobiology of Disease 23(2006)第563頁〜第572頁〕。脳の切片における神経変性過程を視覚化するために、アミノ第二銅銀(The Amino Cupric Silver)染色を用いた。新皮質における神経変性の定量化のために画像分析及び立体的解析(ステレオロジー)を用いた。
Claims (11)
- 前駆期認知症患者の特徴を有する人における認知症の発症の防止又は遅延化のための組成物であって、(a)DHA、DPA及びEPAから選ばれた1種以上のω−3脂肪酸(b)ウリジン、デオキシウリジン、ウリジンリン酸、ウラシル又はアシル化ウリジン、(c)セリン、メチオニン、コリン、ベタイン、ジメチルグリシン、サルコシン及びこれらの塩からなる群から選ばれたメチル供与体、並びに(d)ビタミンB12及び葉酸を含み、前記特徴が、脳脊髄液(CSF)のリットル当たり350ngより多い合計−タウの水準、CSFにおける6.5未満のベータアミロイド−42/ホスホ−タウ−181の重量比、及び/又はポジトロン放出断層撮影法(PET)により検出可能な脳の両側性頭頂側頭領域における減少したグルコース代謝又は後方帯状皮質における減少したグルコース代謝を含む、前記組成物。
- ウリジン、デオキシウリジン、ウリジンリン酸、ウラシル及びアシル化ウリジンの累積量として計算して0.08〜3g/日の量でのウリジンが投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 100mlの液体製品につきウリジン一リン酸として計算して0.08〜3gで投与される、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 100mlの液体製品につきウリジン一リン酸として計算して0.1〜2gで投与される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、コリン及び/又はホスファチジルコリンを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 50mg/日以上の量でのコリンが投与される、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、毎日の投与量単位当たりDHA、DPA及びEPAの合計の400〜5000mgを含有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、毎日の投与量単位当たりDHAを300〜3600mgを含有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、アラキドン酸(AA)をさらに含有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- DHAとアラキドン酸との間の重量比が少なくとも5.0である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 組成物が、(b)ウリジン、又はウリジン一リン酸(UMP)、ウリジン二リン酸(UDP)又はウリジン三リン酸(UTP)から選択されるウリジンリン酸を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
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