JP5894353B2 - 黒インゲン豆(PhaseolusvulgarisL.)エキスによる癌細胞の増殖抑制 - Google Patents
黒インゲン豆(PhaseolusvulgarisL.)エキスによる癌細胞の増殖抑制 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5894353B2 JP5894353B2 JP2007512602A JP2007512602A JP5894353B2 JP 5894353 B2 JP5894353 B2 JP 5894353B2 JP 2007512602 A JP2007512602 A JP 2007512602A JP 2007512602 A JP2007512602 A JP 2007512602A JP 5894353 B2 JP5894353 B2 JP 5894353B2
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
癌細胞増殖を阻害する、
癌を予防する、及び/或いは、
コレステロールを低下させる又はLDL(低密度リポタンパク質、例えば血漿低密度リポタンパク質)の酸化を低下させる、及び/或いは、
コレステロール合成(又はそのための酵素、例えば3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルグルタリルコエンザイムAレダクターゼ又はHMGCoA、3アセチルCoA分子からのコレステロール合成の連鎖反応における一次律速酵素)を阻害する、及び/或いは、
肝線維症を低下させる
閉経症状(例えば顔面紅潮、うつ、過敏症、骨粗しょう症、心臓血管疾患による、例えば顔面紅潮、膣乾燥、睡眠障害の1つ又は複数)を低下させるため、及び/或いは、
例えば閉経後哺乳動物(例えばヒト、コンパニオンアニマルなどの動物、例えばイヌ科動物)であるメスにおけるカルシウムを刺激する、及び/或いは、
エストロゲン活性、例えばメス化エストロゲン活性を有することができる、及び/或いは、
抗酸化剤、例えば栄養補助食品中の活性成分などである、及び/或いは、
食品、化粧品又は薬剤抗酸化剤又は着色剤である、及び/或いは、
例えば癌又は癌細胞増殖、例えばホルモン依存性又はホルモン非依存性腫瘍又は癌又は癌細胞など、例えば哺乳動物の乳、前立腺、結腸、肝臓、白血病の1つ又は複数(例えば、骨髄性又は骨髄形成又はリンパ球の1つ又は複数)癌又は癌細胞増殖などを治療、予防及び/又は抑制するための、抗新生物又は抗癌又は抗腫瘍調製物中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
コレステロールを低下させる又はLDL(低密度リポタンパク質、例えば血漿低密度リポタンパク質)の酸化を低下させるための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
コレステロール合成(又はそのための酵素、例えば3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルグルタリルコエンザイムAレダクターゼ又はHMGCoA、3アセチルCoA分子からのコレステロール合成の連鎖反応における一次律速酵素)を阻害するための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
閉経症状(例えば顔面紅潮、うつ、過敏症、骨粗しょう症、心臓血管疾患による、例えば顔面紅潮、膣乾燥、睡眠障害の1つ又は複数)を低下させるための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
例えば閉経後哺乳動物(例えばヒト、コンパニオンアニマルなどの動物、例えばイヌ科動物)であるメスにおけるカルシウム吸収を刺激するための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
エストロゲン活性、例えばメス化エストロゲン活性を与える組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、
黒豆及び/又は外皮エキス、或いはそれらに由来する化合物を提供することである。
癌細胞増殖を阻害する、
癌を予防する、及び/或いは、
コレステロールを低下させる又はLDL(低密度リポタンパク質、例えば血漿低密度リポタンパク質)の酸化を低下させる、及び/或いは、
コレステロール合成(又はそのための酵素、例えば3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルグルタリルコエンザイムAレダクターゼ又はHMGCoA、3アセチルCoA分子からのコレステロール合成の連鎖反応における一次律速酵素)を阻害する、及び/或いは、
肝線維症を低下させる
閉経症状(例えば顔面紅潮、うつ、過敏症、骨粗しょう症、心臓血管疾患による、例えば顔面紅潮、膣乾燥、睡眠障害の1つ又は複数)を低下させるため、及び/或いは
例えば閉経後哺乳動物(例えばヒト、コンパニオンアニマルなどの動物、例えばイヌ科動物)であるメスにおけるカルシウムを刺激する、及び/或いは、
エストロゲン活性、例えばメス化エストロゲン活性を有することができる、及び/或いは、
抗酸化剤、例えば栄養補助食品中の活性成分などである、及び/或いは、
食品、化粧品又は薬剤抗酸化剤又は着色剤である、及び/或いは、
例えば癌又は癌細胞増殖、例えばホルモン依存性又はホルモン非依存性腫瘍又は癌又は癌細胞など、例えば哺乳動物の乳、前立腺、結腸、肝臓、白血病の1つ又は複数(例えば、骨髄性又は骨髄形成又はリンパ球の1つ又は複数)癌又は癌細胞増殖などを治療、予防及び/又は抑制するための、抗新生物又は抗癌又は抗腫瘍調製物中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
コレステロールを低下させる又はLDL(低密度リポタンパク質、例えば血漿低密度リポタンパク質)の酸化を低下させるための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
コレステロール合成(又はそのための酵素、例えば3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルグルタリルコエンザイムAレダクターゼ又はHMGCoA、3アセチルCoA分子からのコレステロール合成の連鎖反応における一次律速酵素)を阻害するための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
閉経症状(例えば顔面紅潮、うつ、過敏症、骨粗しょう症、心臓血管疾患による、例えば顔面紅潮、膣乾燥、睡眠障害の1つ又は複数)を低下させるための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
例えば閉経後哺乳動物(例えばヒト、コンパニオンアニマルなどの動物、例えばイヌ科動物)であるメスにおけるカルシウム吸収を刺激するための組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、及び/或いは、
エストロゲン活性、例えばメス化エストロゲン活性を与える組成物、例えば栄養補助食品又は非処方箋調剤又は処方箋調剤中の活性成分であってよい、
黒豆及び/又は外皮エキス、或いはそれらに由来する化合物をさらに提供する。
酸性剤(例には酢酸、クエン酸、フマル酸、塩酸、硝酸があるが、これらだけには限らない);
アルキル化剤(例にはアンモニア溶液、炭酸アンモニウム、ジエタノールアミン、モノエタノールアミン、水酸化カリウム、ホウ酸ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、トリエタノールアミン、トロールアミンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
吸収剤(例には粉末セルロース及び活性炭があるが、これらだけには限らない);
エアロゾル推進剤(例には二酸化炭素、CCl2F2、F2ClC−CClF2及びCClF3があるが、これらだけには限らない)
空気置換物質(例には窒素及びアルゴンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
抗真菌防腐剤(例には安息香酸、ブチルパラベン、エチルパラベン、メチルパラベン、プロピルパラベン、安息香酸ナトリウム、プロピオン酸又はその塩があるが、これらだけには限らない);
抗菌防腐剤(例には塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、ベンジルアルコール、塩化セチルピリジニウム、クロロブタノール、フェノール、フェニルエチルアルコール、硝酸フェニル水銀及びチメロサールがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
抗酸化剤(例にはアスコルビン酸、パルミチン酸アスコルビル、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン、次亜塩素酸、モノチオグリセロール、没食子酸プロピル、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、ナトリウムホルムアルデヒドスルホキシレート、メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム、トコフェロール、ビタミンEがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
結合物質(例にはブロックポリマー、天然及び合成ゴム、ポリアクリレート、ポリウレタン、シリコーン並びにスチレン−ブタジエンコポリマーがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
緩衝剤(例にはメタリン酸カリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、無水クエン酸ナトリウム及びクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物があるが、これらだけには限らない)
担体物質(例にはアカシアシロップ、芳香シロップ、芳香エリキシル、チェリーシロップ、ココアシロップ、オレンジシロップ、シロップ、コーン油、鉱油、ピーナッツ油、ゴマ油、静菌塩化ナトリウム注射液及び注射用静菌水があるが、これらだけには限らない)
キレート化剤(例にはエデト酸二ナトリウム及びエデト酸があるが、これらだけには限らない)
着色剤(例にはFD&C Red No.3、FD&C Red No.20、FD&C Yellow No.6、FD&C Blue No.2、D&C Green No.5、D&C Orange No.5、D&C Red No.8、カラメル、三二酸化鉄レッド、ビキシン、ノルビキシン、カルミンなどの天然着色剤があるが、これらだけには限らない);
清澄化剤(例にはベントナイトがあるが、これだけには限らない);
乳化剤(例にはアカシア、セトマクロゴール、セチルアルコール、グリセリルモノステアレート、レシチン、ソルビタンモノオレイト、ポリエチレン50ステアレートがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
被包剤(例にはゼラチン及び酢酸フタルセルロースがあるが、これらだけには限らない)
充填剤(例には糖、ラクトース、スクロース、ソルビトール、セルロース調製物、リン酸カルシウム、天然又は合成ゴム、固形デンプン、デンプンペーストがあるが、これらだけには限らない)
香味料(例にはアニシード油、シナモン油、ココア、メタノール、オレンジ油、ペパーミント油及びバニリンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
湿潤剤(例にはグリセリン、プロピレングリコール及びソルビトールがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
研和剤(例には鉱油及びグリセリンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
油(例にはラッカセイ油、鉱油、オリーブ油、ピーナッツ油、ゴマ油及び植物油があるが、これらだけには限らない);
軟膏基剤(例にはラノリン、親水性軟膏、ポリエチレングリコール軟膏、ワセリン、親水性ワセリン、白色軟膏、黄色軟膏、及びバラ水軟膏があるが、これらだけには限らない);
透過促進剤(経皮送達用)(例にはモノヒドロキシ又はポリヒドロキシアルコール、飽和又は不飽和脂肪アルコール、飽和又は不飽和脂肪エステル、飽和又は不飽和ジカルボン酸、エッセンシャルオイル、ホスファチジル誘導体、セファリン、テルペン、アミド、エーテル、ケトン及び尿素があるが、これらだけには限らない)
可塑剤(例にはジエチルフタル酸及びグリセリンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
溶媒(例にはアルコール、コーン油、綿実油、グリセリン、イソプロピルアルコール、鉱油、オレイン酸、ピーナッツ油、精製水、注射水、注射用滅菌水及び洗浄用滅菌水があるが、これらだけには限らない);
硬化剤(例にはセチルアルコール、セチルエステルワックス、ミクロクリスタリンワックス、パラフィン、ステアリルアルコール、ホワイトワックス及びイエローワックスがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
座薬基剤(例にはココアバター及びポリエチレングリコール(混合物)があるが、これらだけには限らない);
界面活性剤(例には塩化ベンザルコニウム、ノノキシノール10、オキシトキシノール9、ポリソルベート80、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム及びモノパルミチン酸ソルビタンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
懸濁剤(例には寒天、ベントナイト、カルボマー、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、カオリン、メチルセルロース、トラガカント及びビーガムがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
甘味剤(例にはアスパルテーム、デキストロース、フルクトース、グリセリン、マンニトール、プロピレングリコール、サッカリンナトリウム、ソルビトール及びスクロースがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤抗粘着物質(例にはステアリン酸マグネシウム及びタルクがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤結合剤(例にはアカシア、アルギン酸、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、圧縮糖、エチルセルロース、ゼラチン、液状グルコース、メチルセルロース、ポビドン及びアルファ化デンプンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤及びカプセル希釈剤(例には二塩基性リン酸カルシウム、カオリン、ラクトース、マンニトール、ミクロクリスタリンセルロース、粉末セルロース、沈殿状炭酸カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム、ソルビトール及びデンプンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤コーティング剤(例には液体グルコース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、酢酸フタルセルロース及びシェラックがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤直接圧縮賦形剤(例には二塩基性リン酸カルシウムがあるが、これだけには限らない);
錠剤崩壊剤(例にはアルギン酸、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム、ミクロクリスタリンセルロース、ポラクリリンカリウム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム及びデンプンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤グライダント(例にはコロイドシリカ、コンスターチ及びタルクがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤潤滑剤(例にはステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、鉱油、ステアリン酸及びステアリン酸亜鉛があるが、これらだけには限らない);
錠剤/カプセル不伝導性物質(例には二酸化チタンがあるが、これだけには限らない);
錠剤光沢剤(例にはカルナバワックス及びホワイトワックスがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
増粘剤(例にはビーズワックス、セチルアルコール及びパラフィンがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
緊張剤(例にはデキストロース及び塩化ナトリウムがあるが、これらだけには限らない);
粘性増大剤(例にはアルギン酸、ベントナイト、カルボマー、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、メチルセルロース、ポビドン、アルギン酸ナトリウム及びトラガカントがあるが、これらだけには限らない);及び
湿潤剤(例にはヘプタデカエチレンオキシセタノール、レシチン、ポリエチレンソルビトールモノオレイト、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールモノオレイト、ポリオキシエチレンステアレートがあるが、これらだけには限らない)。
(1)MWHによって1972年に法令番号55として改正された1966年の内閣府法令番号30の下で日本において承認されているもの;代表例にはAka2、Aka102、Aka202、Aka404、Aka505、Ao1、Ao201、Ao404、Daidai201、Daidai401、Katsu201、Ki4、Ki204、Kuro401、Midoi202、Midoi402、Murasaki201、Murasaki401があるが、これらだけには限らない;
(2)化粧品指示規格遵守76/768/EECのAnnexIVの下で欧州連合(EU)において承認されているもの;代表例にはAcidRed195、水酸化アルミニウム、アルミニウム粉末、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、アントシアニン、ビートルートレッド、ブロモクレゾールグリーン、ブロモチモールブルー、ステアリン酸カルシウム、カプサンチン/カプソルビン、カラメル、CI10006、CI11680、CI12120、CI14270、CI15510、CI21108、CI28440、CI42080、CI44045、CI45425、CI58000、CI69800、CI71105、CI77489、クルクミン、ラクトフラビン、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛があるが、これらだけには限らない;
(3)Blue1、Blue4、Brown1、Ext.Violet2、Ext.Yellow7、Green3、Green6、Green8、Orange4、Orange5、Orange10、Orange11、Red4、Red6、Red7、Red17、Red21、Red22、Red27、Red28、Red30、Red31、Red33、Red34、Red36、Red40、Violet2、Yellow5、Yellow6、Yellow7、Yellow8、Yellow10、Yellow11だけには限らないが、これらを含めた米国食品医薬品局によって認定された一群;
(4)アルミニウム粉末、アナット、クエン酸ビスマス、オキシ塩化ビスマス、青銅粉末、カラメル、カルミン、β−カロテン、クロロフィル−銅複合体、水酸化クロム緑、銅粉末、ジヒドロキシアセトン、二ナトリウムEDTA−銅、フェロシアン化第2鉄アンモニウム、フェロシアン化第2鉄、グアイアズレン、グアニン、ヘンナ、酸化鉄、酢酸鉛、マグネシウムバイオレット、雲母、パイロフィライト、銀、二酸化チタン、ウルトラマリン、酸化亜鉛だけには限らないが、これらを含めた米国食品医薬品局による認定を免れた一群;
(5)米国食品、医薬品及び化粧品法において「コールタール毛髪染料」として分類されたもの;代表例にはAcidBlue62、AcidOrange24、2−アミノ−4−ニトロフェノール、4−アミノ−2−ニトロフェノール、BasicBlue9、BasicBrown4、BasicGreen1、BasicOrange2、BasicRed1、BasicRed46、BasicViolet3、BasicViolet16、BasicYellow40、BasicYellow87、HCBlueNo.5、HCBlueNo.14、HCBrownNo.1、HCGreenNo.1、HCOrangeNo.2、HCRedNo.3、HCRedNo.10、HCVioletNo.1、HCVioletNo.2、HCYellowNo.4、HCYellowNo.12があるが、これらだけには限らない、参照により組み込む、International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook(9th Edition)-Chemical Classes-Coloring Additives-Hair(2002)も参照のこと;
(6)Blue1Lake、Ext.Yellow7Lake、Green3Lake、Orange4Lake、Orange5、Orange10Lake、Red4Lake、Red6Lake、Red7Lake、Red21Lake、Red27Lake、Red28Lake、Red30Lake、Red21Lake、Red33Lake、Red34Lake、Red36Lake、Red40Lake、Yellow5Lake、Yellow6Lake、Yellow7Lake、Yellow10Lakeだけには限らないが、これらを含めた米国食品医薬品局によって認定された一群;
(7)前に分類したものではなく、参照により組み込むInternational Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook(9th Edition)-Chemical Classes-Coloring Additives-Miscellaneous(2002)中に列挙されたもの。
[実施例]
粗製、発芽又は加工黒豆は、太陽乾燥又は施用熱によって乾燥させる。物質は粉状にし、生成した粉は水混和性有機溶媒及び/又は水の混合物を用いて抽出し、粗製エキスを生成する。前と同じ様に、子葉から事前に分離した黒豆外皮又は種外被から、エキスを調製することができる。水性粗製エキスをC−18カラムに通して、単純水溶性フェノール及び水溶性サポニンを除去し、さらに溶出してフラボノイド及びトリテルペンが豊富なエキスを生成することができる。クロマトグラフィーによる精製ステップを省略する場合、最初の上清は不溶物質から物理的に分離し、有機溶媒は蒸留によって除去し、凍結乾燥させる。溶媒を除去した後、固体物質を取り戻し粉末を得て、これを単独、又は他の栄養物質若しくは栄養化合物と組み合わせて使用して、或いは水、エタノール、他の有機溶媒又はこれらの混合物中に溶かして、フェノール、フラボノイド、アントシアニン、タンニン及び/又はイソフラボン及び/又はトリテルペン及び/又は植物性ステロールが豊富なエキスを生成することができる。粗製及び/又はC−18エキスを賦形剤と混合させて錠剤を生成することができ、或いは薬剤等級の滅菌水及び/又は溶媒と混合及び希釈して、皮下又は筋肉内注射用の配合物を得ることができる。エキスは等張溶液と混合させて、血流中への注射に適した(非経口施用)混合物を生成することもできる。本発明は天然供給源由来のエキスを表し言及し、多くの活性化合物が同定されてきているが、コンビナトリアルケミストリーなどの新しい方法によって、これらの化合物を合成又は修飾することもできることは明らかである。合成黒豆化合物を別個、又は組合せ式に使用してそれらの治療用エキスを生成することができることは、本発明の広範囲の態様内にあると本発明者らは考える。
12の異なる黒豆品種をメキシコのINIFAP(Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Forestal Agricola y Pecuaria)から得て、化学的に特徴付けて、これらについて学習し、栄養の供給源として使用する一層の可能性を有するものを選択する際に本発明の実践者を支援する目的で、それらのフェノール及びフラボノイド濃度を決定した。試験した遺伝子型は以下のように同定する:1=Mex332、2=NG−Coaxtla91、3=NG−8025、4=NG−SanLuis、5=NGAltiplano、6=NG−150、7=NG−Sahuatoba、8=NGTacana、9=NG−Viscaya、10=NegroOtomi、11=NG−Perla、12=NG−INIFAP。分析した12品種間の主な目に見える違いは、大きさ及び不活性である。これらの変種は、実際それらを開発及び市販するための理由の中の幾つかである、天候条件及び異なる型の土壌、生産能力、及び疾患耐性との適合性に基づいて選択する。例えば、NG−Tacana(8)はNG−Cotaxtla91(2)とほぼ同じ特性を有するが、主にメキシコの熱帯地域で見られるウイルスに対する特定の耐性を有する前者が開発された。市販用に生成した最初の年(1994)のNG−Tacana(8)の平均収率は、1.214トン/haであった(Lopez-Salinasら、1994)。さらに最近、この型の環境用のNG−8025(3)も開発し、これは高い収率、広範囲の適合性、一層の安定性、並びに腐食及び炭そ病耐性を有する。半乾燥地域にそれらを適合させるために、NG−Altiplano及びNG−Viscaya(5)などの幾つかの品種を開発した。
品種を特徴付けるための第1ステップとして、全黒豆サンプル(外皮、並びに子葉及び胚から本質的に構成される内部塊)を全体的に粉砕し、生成した全粉は80%メタノール水溶液で抽出し、フォリン比色定量アッセイ(Vinsonら2001)を使用して全フェノールに関してアッセイした。図1は、12品種の黒豆の合計フェノール含量はカテキン重量当量として表して少なくとも1.5mg/gであることを示し、1mg/g未満を一般に有しており同じ条件を使用して分析した、フェノール化合物が豊富なダイズなどの他のマメ科植物と比較してこの値は高い。カテキン重量当量として表して最高量の合計フェノールを含んでいた黒豆品種は、1=Mex332、2=NG−Coaxtla91、3=NG−8025、6=NG−150、7=NG−Sahuatoba、及び10=NegroOtomiとして標識した(図1)。
全てのフェノール化合物が同じ生物活性を有するわけではないので、本発明者らはさらに、それぞれ12の黒豆品種のフェノール組成の特徴付け及び分析を実行した。フェノール組成を分析するために、80%超メタノール水中エキスを、Sep-Pak(登録商標)C18カラム(Waters,Milford,MA)を介して10mlのプラスチック製シリンジを使用して通過させ、糖類などの高い水溶性を有する化合物を除去した。メタノールエキス(10ml)は40mlの蒸留水で希釈し、10mlのメタノール及び10mlの水を用いて事前に条件付けしたC18カラムに通した。生成した50mlの溶液をカラムに通し、次いでカラムは20mlの水で洗浄した。次いで2mlの30%メタノール−水をカラムに通して、「第1画分」を溶出させた。「第2画分」は、2mlのメタノール100%をカラムに通すことによって得た。「第1画分」と「第2画分」の両方を分析して、HPLC−UVを使用して当該のフラボノイドの濃度を測定した。
カラム:150×3.9mmのNova-PakC18(4μm)カラム
検出器:HP1100UV-vis検出器@262nm
流速:0.4ml/分
カラム温度:25℃
注入:20μlの調製物(1:1)水:メタノール「第2画分」
勾配:
分子量を測定するためのHPLC−MS分析:
黒豆フラボノイドを同定するために、本発明者らは次いで以下のように手順進行した:実施例1中に記載したのと同様に得て分析した「第2画分」を、以下の条件で質量分析単位(HPLC−MS)と結び付けて、高圧液体クロマトグラフィー用の方法を使用してさらに調べた:
カラム:150×1mmのVYDACC18(5μm)
検出器:Agilent1100UV-vis検出器@262nm
流速:0.075ml/分
カラム温度:周囲温度
注入:20μlの調製物(1:1)水:メタノール「第2画分」
勾配:
本出願人が新たに発見した黒豆中に見られるフラボノイドを記載するために得た分子量以外に、同定のために使用した他の技術は、Photo Diode Array検出器及び高圧液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC−PDA)を使用して得られる、それらのUV−VISスペクトルの決定であった。異なる品種の黒豆由来の「第2画分」(実施例1)を、異なる機器を用いたこと以外はHPLC-UV/visの場合と同じ条件を使用して系に注射した。サンプルはHPLC−PDA(Waters,Milford,MA.,USA)に注射し、移動相として使用した水のpHはo−リン酸を用いて2.4に調整した。さらに、サンプルを加水分解してアグリコンの対応するUVスペクトルを得た。機器を含めたこれらのクロマトグラフィー条件は、この実施例及び実施例1で前に記載した3フラボノイド(クロマトグラム2Bのピーク11、12、13)の前に溶出した、他の化合物の検出を可能にした。言及する化合物は、図4のクロマトグラム4A(ピーク40)及びクロマトグラム4B(ピーク50)中で見ることができるように、加水分解及び非加水分解サンプル中に存在する。
黒豆はアントシアニンが豊富であり、(実施例2に記載した)「第2画分」において特徴的な赤色を観察したので、本発明者らは、「第2画分」の生物活性を試験する前に、これらの化合物を定量し特徴付けた。使用した方法は、以下の条件でHPLC-UV-visを使用するMazzaら(1999)によって記載された方法から改変した:
カラム:250×4.6mmのSupelcosilC18、5μm(Supelco Co.,Bellefonte,PA.,USA)
検出器:HP1100UV-vis検出器@525nm
流速:0.35ml/分
カラム温度:周囲温度
注入:20μlの調製物(1:1)水:メタノール「第2画分」
勾配:
黒豆全体とそれらの外皮中で見られるフェノール類間の違いを分析したことは興味深かった、何故なら大部分のこれらの化合物は、外皮中に濃縮されるからである。12の異なる黒豆品種は、手作業の外皮除去の準備の際に室温で8〜24時間、蒸留水を用いて個別に条件付けした。除去した種外被を重量測定し、12時間60℃で乾燥させ、次いで粉に製粉した。表3中に観察することができるように、種外被の重量は7〜13%(乾燥単位)に平均化した。
異なる溶媒を使用して、実施例5に記載したのと同様に調製した黒豆外皮から当該の化合物を単離するそれらの能力を評価した。評価した異なる溶媒系には、水、80%メタノール、96%エタノール又は70%アセトンがあった(本発明を実施する際の溶媒として有用な、水又は水溶液及び低級アルキル、例えばC1−C6アルコール、ケトン/アルデヒド;エチルエーテルなどの低級アルキルエーテルの幾つかの例も、本発明の溶媒として有用である)。100mlの溶媒系と5グラムの外皮を混合することによってエキスを得た。混合物はスピード3で5分の間ティシューマイザー(tissuemizer)(Ultra-Turrax T25 basic,IKA Works Inc社製、Wilmington,NC)を用いて均質化し、次いで室温において攪拌機(Bellco Glass Inc社製、Vineland,NJ)中で1時間低攪拌で保った。エキスの等分試料をサンプル採取して、Folin−Ciocalteu法によって合計フェノール含量を測定し、この値と暗所中に冷凍状態(4℃)で一晩放置した相当物から得た値の間に、有意な違いが存在したかどうかをさらに調べた。抽出後、生成したエキスはWhatman1フィルターを介して濾過し、固形残留物は100mlの新たな溶媒中に再懸濁させた。100mlの溶媒を固形残留物に加えるプロセスは3回繰り返し、したがって最終的には、合計抽出体積は400mlであった。生成した体積は回転蒸発装置Buchi(Scientific Glass Apparatus,Inc社製、Bloomfield,New Jersey)を使用して、40℃でほぼ乾燥状態に濃縮し、100mlの純粋メタノール中に再懸濁させた。
驚くことに、約4mMの合計フェノール濃度を有する粗製アセトン黒豆外皮エキスは、1グラム当たり58μmolのTrolox当量(TE)の抗酸化能(乾燥単位)を有していた。ハイブッシュブルーベリー(4.6〜31.1μmolTE/g(新鮮重量);Ehlenfeldt及びPrior,2001)、ストロベリー(18.3〜22.9;Kaltら1999)、ラズベリー(19.2〜22.6;Kaltら1999)、ブラックベリー(13.7〜25.1;Wang及びLin,2000)、クランベリー(8.20〜14.5;Wang及びStretch,2001)、及びマスカットブドウジュース(18.2〜26.7;Talcottら2003)などの他のアントシアニンが豊富な果実を参照すると、この値は予想外に高い。
黒豆全体で始める発芽処理又は発芽のための方法を、アグリコン−フラボノイドが豊富な新芽を生成する目的で開発した。事前の発芽処理試験によって、おそらく最適な発芽処理条件は、:通気下で18〜24時間20℃の水中に粗製粒を浸し、次に20℃及び85%相対湿度の制御環境中で発芽させることであったことを示した。これらの条件下では、約85%の豆が温度(20°C)及び相対湿度(85%)の制御条件下において3日中発芽した。NG−Perla黒豆品種を選択して、フラボノイドのグリコシド化パターンに対する発芽処理時間の影響を試験した、何故ならそれは、スクリーニングした12品種の群中で最高量のフラボノール及びイソフラボンを含んでいたからである。
カラム:250×4.6mmのSymmetry C−18 Waters Co.(Milford,MA.,USA)
検出器:Waters PDA 2996(Milford,MA.,EUA.)
流速:0.8ml/分
カラム温度:周囲温度
注入:20μlの調製物(1:1)水:メタノール「第2画分」
勾配:
粗製及び5日発芽処理したNG−Perla黒豆のメタノールエキスを、それぞれ実施例2及び8に記載した方法によって得て、これらを使用して、ホルモン依存性乳癌細胞増殖(MCF−7)に対するその影響を試験した。
異なる品種の黒豆の種外被の粗製エキスを調製し、これを使用してCaco−2及びHepG2肝臓癌細胞に対するそれらの抑制効果を試験した。種外被(2g)を20mlの80%アセトンと混合させ、実施例7中に記載したのと同様にエキスを得た。両方の型の細胞に関して、最も抗増殖性があったエキスは黒豆品種1(Mex332)から得たエキスであった。残りのエキスも、他の報告済みの食品中のフラボノイド供給源と比較して高い抑制能を示した。例えば、Eberhardtら(2000)は、50mg/mlの濃度でリンゴエキスを用いて作業して、Caco−2及びHepG2癌細胞の43及び57%のインビトロ増殖を得た。対照的に、1mg/ml未満の濃度で黒豆エキスは、20%未満にCaco−2癌細胞の増殖を低下させた。これは黒豆エキスが、リンゴエキスより少なくとも約100倍有効であったことを意味する。黒豆エキスはさらに、特に黒豆品種1(Mex332)から生成すると、HepG2癌細胞増殖に対する高い効能を示した。図15は、HepG2癌細胞増殖に対する、Mex−332黒豆品種由来の粗製エキスの抑制効果を示す。エキスがカテキン当量として表して500μMを超える合計フェノールを含んでいたとき、約90%の抑制を観察した。
発芽黒豆粉及びその80%メタノール粗製エキスの予防効果を、ウィスターラットを使用して試験した。発芽黒豆中に見られる非フラボノイド化合物の効果を区別するために、1:10粉:溶媒の比で80%メタノール水溶液を使用して抽出を実施した。粉又はエキスの量は、実験中の2レベル:13mg/kg及び55mg/kgを考慮して、食物中の合計フェノールの濃度に従い確定した。初期重量によってブロック分けした12の実験単位(27日齢)で、4つの実験治療食及び対照食が存在した。治療は以下の通りであった:
a:対照食
b:低レベルの発芽黒豆粉
c:高レベルの発芽黒豆粉
d:低レベルの発芽黒豆粉フェノールエキス
e:高レベルの発芽黒豆粉フェノールエキス
異なる極性を有する溶媒を使用する分離スキームを、40%アセトン又は80%メタノールを用いて最初に抽出した黒豆種外被又は外皮から、生物活性フラボノイドを単離するために開発した。一般的なフェノール化合物の定量を個々の連続ステップで実施して、これらの化合物の行方を決定し、最高濃度の生物活性化合物を有する画分を見出した。図19は、異なる画分を用いるこの分離スキームに関するステップを示し、LIは溶媒蒸発後に得られる液体であり、LIIは塩沈殿後の液体流であり、そこからブタノール流(B)及び水流(LIII)がブタノールによる数回の洗浄後に得ることになる。乾燥ブタノール画分から、エタノール:酢酸エチル溶液を使用して、ひとたびエーテルを混合物に加えた後に沈殿を得ることになり、化合物の残りはLEの溶液中に存在すると思われる。
80%メタノール水溶液を使用して得た凍結乾燥黒豆外皮エキスを、実施例12に記載したのと同様にさらに精製した。凍結−乾燥粗製エキス及びその半精製画分を、実験用ウィスターラットを使用して乳癌細胞増殖に対する治療剤として試験した。6〜8匹のラットの5群を15mgのDMBAを1mlのコーン油に懸濁させた懸濁液を用いて誘導し、これはラットが40日齢と50日齢の間に達したときに胃内に投与した。癌誘導後10週間未満で明白な腫瘍を示した実験単位はこの実験に含めず、その代わり以下に記載する他の実験に使用した。
C:対照(25%DMSOのみ)
R1:粗製エキス(35mg d.w./ml)−(d.w.−乾燥重量)
R2:粗製エキス(3.5mg d.w./ml)
A1:半精製エキス(5mg d.w./ml)
A2:半精製エキス(0.5mg d.w./ml)
ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)及びリン酸カリウム溶液を使用することによってATPS(水性2相系)を特徴付けた。系のパラメータには、PEG及びリン酸カリウム溶液の濃度、PEGの分子量(8,000〜20,000g/gmol)、2つの非混合相間の体積比、及び系に最初に加えた粗製エキスの量があった。
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Claims (12)
- 黒インゲン豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)エキスを作製する方法であって、以下のステップ(a)及びステップ(b)を含む方法。
(a)(i)メタノール、エタノール若しくはその組合せ又は(ii)水、及びメタノール、エタノール若しくはその組合せから実質的になる(consisting essentially of)極性溶媒系を用いて黒インゲン豆又はその外皮から化合物の混合物を抽出するステップ
(b)前記抽出ステップ(a)の化合物の混合物を、
溶出溶媒として水、及びメタノールを用いて第1画分が得られる第1溶出段階と、溶出溶媒としてメタノールを用いて第2画分が得られる第2溶出段階とを含み、該第2画分が単離された前記黒インゲン豆エキスである、クロマトグラフィー分離工程に、供するステップであって、
(i)第1画分が、第2画分よりもフラボノール、フラボン及びイソフラボンが少なく、
(ii)第1画分が、フェノール酸及び他の水溶性化合物を含み、
(iii)第2画分が、フラボノール、イソフラボン、アントシアニン、及び981ダルトンのマススペクトルイオンピークを有する化合物を含む
ステップ - 黒インゲン豆の遺伝子型が、Mex332、NG−Coaxtla91、NG−8025、NG−San Luis、NG Altiplano、NG−150、NG−Sahuatoba、NG Tacana、NG−Viscaya、Negro Otomi、NG Perla及びNG−INIFAPから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の黒インゲン豆又はその外皮が、新芽の(sprouted)若しくは発芽した(germinated)黒インゲン豆又はその外皮である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 黒インゲン豆の遺伝子型が、NG−8025、NG Altiplano、NG Tacana、Negro Otomi及びNG Perlaから選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 981ダルトンのマススペクトルイオンピークが、二重イオン化させたときに、797、635、599、及び441ダルトンのマススペクトルイオンピークを示す、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか記載の方法により、乳癌、前立腺癌、結腸癌、肝臓癌、及び白血病からなる群より選択される癌を治療するための黒インゲン豆エキスを作製し、該黒インゲン豆エキスの薬剤としての有効量と、薬剤として許容可能な担体及び/又は賦形剤とを含む組成物を形成する、組成物の製造方法。
- それを必要とするか若しくはそれを望む対象者に投与して乳癌、前立腺癌、結腸癌、肝臓癌、及び白血病からなる群より選択される癌を治療する黒インゲン豆エキスを含む医薬品を製造するための、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法の使用。
- 癌が、乳癌、肝臓癌、又は結腸癌である、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 第1画分が、第1画分中の化合物の乾燥重量に基づいて1重量%未満のフラボノール、フラボン、又はイソフラボンを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 黒インゲン豆エキスに含まれる、デルフィニジンの量が、5ppm〜35ppmであり、ペツニジンの量が、5ppm〜40ppmであり、マルビジンの量が、5ppm〜30ppmである、請求項1〜5及び9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 黒インゲン豆エキスに含まれる、デルフィニジンの量が、5ppm〜20ppmであり、ペツニジンの量が、5ppm〜20ppmであり、マルビジンの量が5ppm〜20ppmである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 黒インゲン豆エキスに含まれるフラボノールが、ミリセチン3’−ラムノシド、クエルセチン、クエルセチン3−O−ガラクトシド、クエルセチン3−グルコピラノシド、ケルセチン4’−ガラクドシド、ケンペロール、ケンぺロール3−O−グルコシドからなる群より選択される1又は2以上の化合物である、請求項1〜5及び9〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
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WO2005107780A8 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
EP2311476A2 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
WO2005107780A3 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1750732A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
US20060024394A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
EP2311476A3 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
US7763292B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
US20100216729A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
JP2007536375A (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
WO2005107780A2 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CA2564443A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CA2564443C (en) | 2016-04-26 |
AU2005239890A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
BRPI0510967A (pt) | 2007-11-20 |
AU2005239890B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
MXPA06013137A (es) | 2007-05-16 |
EP1750732B1 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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