JP5891238B2 - 加熱器を備えた医療装置 - Google Patents
加熱器を備えた医療装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5891238B2 JP5891238B2 JP2013542409A JP2013542409A JP5891238B2 JP 5891238 B2 JP5891238 B2 JP 5891238B2 JP 2013542409 A JP2013542409 A JP 2013542409A JP 2013542409 A JP2013542409 A JP 2013542409A JP 5891238 B2 JP5891238 B2 JP 5891238B2
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Description
1.1 透析液容器
未使用透析液は、通常、複数のプラスチック製バッグに入れられて提供される。これらプラスチック製バッグは、通常、周縁部領域において互いに溶着されかつ未使用透析液が充填される容器を形成する2層のプラスチックフィルムで構成されている。通常、ホース部材がこの容器に溶着され、このホース部材により透析液をバッグから取り出し可能である。また、ホース部材には、通常、コネクタが配置され、このコネクタを介して、透析液容器を他の流体経路に接続可能である。更に、前記バッグは、通常、ホース部材とは反対側に切欠き又は小孔を有しており、フックに掛けて吊すことができる。これにより、透析液を問題なく確実にバッグから流出させることが可能となる。
使用済み透析液の廃棄処分時には、排水システムに直接除去してもよいし、まず廃液容器に収集してもよい。通常、廃液容器としてバッグが使用される。このバッグは、治療前は空の状態であるため、使用済み透析液を取り込むことが可能である。そして、治療終了後、バッグは廃棄可能である。
初めに説明した通り、流体システムは、透析装置が該流体システムにて機能する複数の領域を有している。このため、流体システムは、透析装置と接続されていなくてはならない。
システムの個々の容器、カセット及び患者側コネクタの間の接続は、通常、ホース接続によってなされる。それらは廃棄可能な物であるので、ホースは、通常、その少なくとも一方の側において他の要素に固定して接続される。例えば、ホースは、カセットの1つ又は複数の接続部に予め設けられていてもよい。同様に、ホースは、バッグと予め固定した状態で連通していてもよい。
流体システムは、通常、複数の部分に区分され、各場合において無菌状態で梱包されている。まず、これらの区分された部分が、治療のために互いに接続されなければならない。特に本実施形態において、カセット及び1つ又は複数の透析液バッグが、別々に梱包されている。
透析装置の各構成要素について、2つの実施形態を参照して以下に詳細に説明する。
未使用透析液は、患者の腹部に供給される前に、体温になっていなければならない。このため、透析装置は、加熱器を備える。
透析装置のアクチュエータ及び/又はセンサをカセットの対応する領域に接続可能にするために、透析装置は、カセットが接続される接続面を有するカセットレシーバを備える。透析装置のアクチュエータ、センサ、及び/又は加熱素子は、その接続面に配置される。カセットは、透析装置のアクチュエータ、センサ、及び/又は加熱素子がカセットの対応する領域に接触するように、前記接続面で押圧される。
前記実施形態において、カセットの軟質フィルム及びポンプ室53,53′によって構成される薄膜ポンプによって、流体システム内に流体が供給される。軟質フィルムがポンプアクチュエータによって対応するポンプ室に押し込まれた場合に、流体が、ポンプによって、ポンプ室からカセットの流体経路の空いている領域に送り込まれる。逆に、軟質フィルムをポンプ室から引き出すことによって、流体が流体経路からポンプ室に吸い込まれる。
第1実施形態のポンプアクチュエータの構造を図11に示す。ポンプアクチュエータは、液圧(油圧)で作動する。この目的のために、カセットの軟質フィルムに、薄膜59が配置される。薄膜59は、例えばシリコーンで形成されてもよい。薄膜59の後ろに、液圧流体が充填される室54が設けられる。室54に高圧力を付与することによって、薄膜59が、軟質フィルムと共に、カセットのポンプ室53内に押圧される。逆に、室54に低圧を付与することによって、薄膜59が室54内に引き込まれる。軟質フィルムと薄膜との間の低圧に起因して、軟質フィルムは上記薄膜移動に追従してポンプ室53の容積が増加する。ポンプ行程及び吸込行程を有するポンプ処理を図12(b)において概略的に示す。
もう1つの方法として、ポンプアクチュエータは、電動モータにより作動されるようにしてもよい。この目的のために、電動モータ、特にステッピングモータを介して軟質フィルムに対して押圧又は離間する、対応する形に形成されたプランジャ(ラム)が設けられ、これにより、ポンプ行程又は吸込行程が行われる。このような本実施形態のポンプアクチュエータ151,152を図10に示す。吸込動作時に軟質フィルムがプランジャに確実に追従するようにする真空システムが設けられることが有利である。
カセットの軟質フィルムを硬質部の対応する室内に押圧することによって、この領域の流路を閉鎖する弁アクチュエータとして、弁プランジャを設けてもよい。ここにおける弁アクチュエータは、例えば、空気圧駆動式弁アクチュエータであってもよい。弁プランジャは、圧力なしに開閉するように、バネを介して付勢されていてもよい。
透析装置は、センサを備え、該センサを介して、透析装置は制御可能となるか、又は、その適切な機能が監視可能である。
透析装置は、操作者との通信のための入出力ユニットを更に備える。また、それに対応する表示部が、情報の出力のために設けられ、例えば、発光ダイオード、LCDディスプレイ、又はスクリーンで実現される。コマンドの入力のために、入力要素が設けられる。この点に関して、例えば、プッシュボタン及びスイッチが設けられる。
腹膜透析装置は、全ての構成要素を監視制御可能な制御装置を更に備える。この制御装置は、腹膜透析の自動処置を司る。
上述の透析システム又は透析装置のいずれか1つに使用される本発明の実施形態を以下で説明する。本発明の実施形態は、個々の構成要素又は複数の構成要素と組み合わせてもよい。特に、本発明は、前記2.1項で述べられたように、加熱器の制御に使用可能である。
Claims (12)
- 加熱制御装置により制御されて交流電源電圧でもって作動される少なくとも1つの加熱素子を有する加熱器を備えた医療装置であって、
温度センサを更に備え、
前記加熱制御装置は、前記交流電源電圧のゼロ交差及び前記交流電源電圧のレベルを検出可能な監視装置と、前記ゼロ交差で前記少なくとも1つの加熱素子のオンとオフとを切換え可能な切換装置とを有していて、前記交流電源電圧の1つ又は複数の半周期で前記少なくとも1つの加熱素子のオンとオフとを切り換えることによって、前記加熱器のパワーを制御するものであって、
更に、前記加熱制御装置は、前記加熱器のパワーを制御するために、前記温度センサの信号に基づいて、前記加熱器のパワーを、前記交流電源電圧の検出されたレベルに適応させるための、該温度センサの信号が重畳された制御信号を生成することを特徴とする医療装置。 - 前記制御信号により、前記加熱素子がオフに切り換えられる半周期の数に対する、当該加熱素子がオンに切り換えられる半周期の数の割合が設定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の医療装置。
- 前記切換装置によって互いに独立してオンとオフとが切り換えられる少なくとも2つの加熱素子が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の医療装置。
- 前記2つの加熱素子は、第1作動モードにおいて、部分的又は完全に同期して作動されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の医療装置。
- 前記2つの加熱素子は、第2作動モードにおいて、交互に作動されることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の医療装置。
- 前記加熱制御装置は、前記交流電源電圧の検出されたレベルに応じて、前記第1又は第2作動モードを選択することを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の医療装置。
- 前記第1及び/又は第2作動モードにおいて、前記制御信号により、前記加熱素子がオフに切り換えられる半周期の数に対する、当該加熱素子がオンに切り換えられる半周期の数の割合が設定されることを特徴とする請求項4乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の医療装置。
- 前記加熱制御装置は、前記温度センサの信号と前記交流電源電圧の検出されたレベルに対する信号とに応じて、前記加熱素子がオフに切り換えられる半周期の数に対する、当該加熱素子がオンに切り換えられる半周期の数の割合を、所定時間内で設定することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の医療装置。
- 前記医療装置は、透析器であり、
前記加熱器は、薬液を加熱する加熱器であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の医療装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の医療装置に用いられる加熱制御装置。
- 少なくとも1つの加熱素子を有する加熱器を備えた医療装置又は該医療装置用の加熱制御装置を稼働する方法において、
交流電源電圧のゼロ交差を検出するステップと、
前記交流電源電圧のレベルを検出するステップと、
前記ゼロ交差で前記少なくとも1つの加熱素子のオンとオフとを切り換えるステップとを備え、
前記加熱器のパワーを、前記交流電源電圧の、前記加熱素子がオンに切り換えられる半周期の数に基づいて制御するとともに、前記加熱器のパワーを制御するために、温度センサの信号に基づいて、前記加熱器のパワーを、前記交流電源電圧の検出されたレベルに適応させるための、該温度センサの信号が重畳された制御信号を生成することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の医療装置又は該医療装置用の加熱制御装置を稼働することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
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WO2012076179A1 (de) | 2012-06-14 |
US9867921B2 (en) | 2018-01-16 |
US20170189600A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
EP2648777A1 (de) | 2013-10-16 |
EP2648777B1 (de) | 2018-02-07 |
US20120168426A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
CN103260668A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
US8692167B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
ES2668571T3 (es) | 2018-05-18 |
US20140180200A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
ES2668571T5 (es) | 2021-11-22 |
DE102010053973A1 (de) | 2012-06-14 |
JP2014503262A (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
EP2648777B2 (de) | 2021-03-17 |
US9555181B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
CN103260668B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
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