JP5883389B2 - モノクローナル抗体 - Google Patents
モノクローナル抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5883389B2 JP5883389B2 JP2012532307A JP2012532307A JP5883389B2 JP 5883389 B2 JP5883389 B2 JP 5883389B2 JP 2012532307 A JP2012532307 A JP 2012532307A JP 2012532307 A JP2012532307 A JP 2012532307A JP 5883389 B2 JP5883389 B2 JP 5883389B2
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Description
本出願は、2009年10月2日に出願した米国特許仮出願第61/248,014号の利益を請求し、これは参照によりその全体が本明細書に組込まれる。
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所の助成金NS052189の下、一部、政府の援助で行われた。政府は、本発明の特定の権利を有する。
本開示の一部である配列表には、米国特許商標局(U.S.Patent&Trademark Office)のPatentln Version 3.5ソフトウェアによって作成された「RUC110WO_ST25」というタイトルの試料に提供され、本発明のヌクレオチドおよび/またはアミノ酸配列含む配列が含まれる。この配列表の主題は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組込まれる。
本方法の様々な態様において、この対象はヒトである。様々な態様において、この病態には、多発性硬化症、脊髄損傷、アルツハイマー病、脳卒中、関節リウマチおよび癌が含まれる。
特に定義しない限り、本発明に関連して使用する科学用語および専門用語は、一般に当該技術者が理解する意味を有するものとする。さらに、特に文脈が必要としない限り、単数用語は複数を含み、複数用語は単数を含むものとする。通常、本明細書に記載の細胞培養および組織培養、分子生物学、タンパク質化学およびオリゴヌクレオチドまたはポリヌクレオチド化学、ならびにオリゴヌクレオチドまたはポリヌクレオチドハイブリダイゼーションに関連して利用される命名法およびそれらの技術は、当該技術分野で周知のものであり、一般に用いられているものである。標準的な技術を、組換えDNA、オリゴヌクレオチド合成、組織培養および細胞形質転換に用いる。酵素反応および精製技術を、製造者の仕様書に従って市販のキットを用いて行うか、または当該技術分野で一般に成し遂げられるように、もしくは本明細書に記載の通りに行う。
本発明は、フィブリノゲン−Mac−1結合を阻害するモノクローナル抗体を提供する。特に、本発明は、フィブリンおよびフィブリノゲンのγCドメインのγ377−395エピトープに特異的に結合するモノクローナル抗体を提供する。本発明は、フィブリンおよびフィブリノゲンのγCドメインのγ190−202エピトープに結合する抗体も提供する。かかる抗体は、血液凝固におけるその有益な効果に影響を与えることなく、神経系におけるフィブリンの損傷作用を阻止する。これらのモノクローナル抗体は、MS斑および特定の癌の形成を阻止することができる。本発明の例示的な抗体には、例えば、(γ377−395エピトープを標的にする)5B8抗体が含まれる。さらに、本発明の抗体には、例えば、(γ190−202エピトープを標的にする)1E3抗体が含まれる。5B8抗体に関連する様々なポリヌクレオチド配列およびポリペプチド配列、およびかかる配列の使用を本明細書に提供する。これらの配列には、5B8軽鎖アミノ酸配列(配列番号1)、3つの軽鎖CDRアミノ酸配列(CDR−L1、配列番号2;CDR−L2、配列番号3;およびCDR−L3、配列番号4)、重鎖アミノ酸配列(配列番号5)、3つの重鎖CDRアミノ酸配列(CDR−H1、配列番号6;CDR−H2、配列番号7;およびCDR−H3、配列番号8)、軽鎖ヌクレオチド配列(配列番号9)、重鎖ヌクレオチド配列(配列番号10)、3つの軽鎖CDRのヌクレオチド配列(CDR−L1、配列番号11;CDR−L2、配列番号12;およびCDR−L3、配列番号13)、ならびに3つの重鎖CDRのヌクレオチド配列(CDR−H1、配列番号14;CDR−H2、配列番号15;およびCDR−H3、配列番号16)が含まれる。
本発明のモノクローナル抗体を含む本発明の治療製剤を用いて、フィブリン関連疾患(例えば、多発性硬化症、創傷治癒、肺虚血、脊髄損傷、アルツハイマー病疾患、脳卒中、関節リウマチおよび癌)に伴う症状を、好ましくは、血液凝固に影響を与えずに治療するか、または緩和させる。本発明は、フィブリン関連疾患(例えば、多発性硬化症、創傷治癒、肺虚血、脊髄損傷、アルツハイマー病疾患、脳卒中、関節リウマチおよび癌)に伴う症状を、好ましくは、血液凝固に影響を与えずに治療するか、または緩和させる方法も提供する。治療法は、標準的な方法を用いて、フィブリン関連疾患(例えば、多発性硬化症、創傷治癒、肺虚血、脊髄損傷、アルツハイマー病、脳卒中、関節リウマチおよび癌)を患っている(または発症する危険性がある)対象、例えば、ヒト患者を特定することによって行われる。これらのフィブリン関連疾患に伴う症状には、例えば、炎症、痛みおよび知覚の喪失が含まれる。治療の有効性は、特定のフィブリン関連疾患を診断または治療をするための任意の周知の方法に関連して決定される。フィブリン関連疾患の1つまたは複数の症状の緩和は、この抗体が臨床的利点を与えることを示す。抗体調製物、好ましくは、その標的抗原に対する高い特異性と高い親和性を有するものが対象に投与され、一般に、その標的との結合により効果を有する。抗体の投与により、標的(例えば、γ190−202およびγ377−395フィブリンエピトープ)のシグナル伝達機能を無くすか、阻害するか、または妨げることができる。抗体の投与により、それが自然に結合する内在性リガンド(例えば、Mac−1)との標的(例えば、フィブリン)の結合を無くすか、阻害するか、または妨げることができる。例えば、この抗体が標的に結合すると、フィブリン/Mac−1結合を阻害する。
所望の特異性を有する抗体のスクリーニング法には、酵素結合免疫吸着測定法(ELISA)および当該技術分野で周知の他の免疫を介する技術が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明は、フィブリンとMac−1の結合を調節するか、または別の方法で干渉する調節因子、すなわち候補化合物もしくは試験化合物、または候補薬剤もしくは試験薬剤(例えば、ペプチド、ペプチド模倣薬、小分子もしくは他の薬物)、またはフィブリン、Mac-1および/もしくはフィブリン/Mac-1複合体のシグナル伝達機能を調節するか、または別の方法で干渉する候補化合物もしくは試験化合物、または候補薬剤もしくは試験薬剤を同定する(本明細書で、「スクリーニングアッセイ」とも呼ばれる)方法を提供する。本発明には、本明細書に記載のスクリーニングアッセイにおいて同定された化合物も含まれる。
本発明の抗体を、適切なアッセイ、例えば、従来の免疫アッセイの種類によって検出することができる。例えば、全長のフィブリノゲン、フィブリンまたはその断片を固相に固定するサンドイッチアッセイを行うことができる。試料中の抗体がこの固相上の固定化ポリペプチドに結合することが可能なほど十分な時間インキュベーションを維持する。この最初のインキュベーション後、この固相を試料から分離する。この固相は洗浄し、試料にも存在し得る非特異的なタンパク質などの非結合材料および干渉物質を除去する。次いで、固定化ポリペプチドに結合させた所望の抗体(例えば、モノクローナル抗体5B8および/または1E3)を含む固相を、第2の標識抗体またはビオチンもしくはアビジンなどのカップリング剤に結合させた抗体とインキュベートする。この2次抗体は、別の抗フィブリン抗体であってもよい。抗体の標識は当該技術分野で周知であり、放射性核種、酵素(例えば、マレイン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ、グルコースオキシダーゼ、カタラーゼ)、蛍光(フルオレセインイソチオシアネート、ローダミン、フィコシアニン、フルオレサミン)、およびビオチンなどを含む。これらの標識抗体を固体とインキュベートし、固相に結合した標識を測定する。当該技術者は、これらおよび他のイムノアッセイを容易に行うことができる。
本発明は、また生体試料中のフィブリンの存在を検出するためのキットも包含する。例えば、このキットには、生体試料中のフィブリンを検出することができる標識化合物または標識剤;試料中のフィブリンの量を測定するための手段;試料中のフィブリンの量を標準物質と比較するための手段が含まれ得る。化合物または薬剤は適切な容器に詰めることができる。このキットは、さらに、試料中のフィブリンを検出するためのキットの使用説明書を含み得る。
フィブリノゲンとMac−1の相互作用に重要であることが示されたフィブリノゲンのγ鎖の正確なアミノ酸に相当するペプチド配列を合成した(ペプチド番号1:CGWTVLQKRIDGSL(配列番号17)およびペプチド番号2:CKKTTM KIIPFN RLTIG(配列番号18))。インビボでの強い抗体反応を促進する担体タンパク質のキーホールリンペットヘモシアニン(KLH)との結合を可能にする、対応するN−末端のシステイン残基を有するこれらの2種類のペプチドを合成した。両方のペプチドを用いて、3匹のマウスを免疫し、これらのマウスにおいて抗体反応を生じさせた。予備的な血清スクリーニングは、これらのペプチドに対する強い抗体価を明らかにし、その後、これら2つのペプチド配列に対してクローン抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを作製した。480個のハイブリドーマクローンの最初のスクリーニングを、ペプチドおよび担体タンパク質の両方に対するELISAにより行った。陽性クローンを増やして再試験し、ELISAにより、ペプチドエピトープ反応性を確認した。この最初のスクリーニングの最終的な結果は、ペプチド番号1または番号2のいずれか一方に特異的であった46個のクローンをもたらした。これらのELISAの結果の綿密な分析により、さらなる検査のための16個の目的候補を同定した。これらの16個のクローンを、全長フィブリノゲン上のMac−1受容体によるミクログリア接着を阻止するそれらの能力についてスクリーニングした。組織培養ウェルを50μg/mLのフィブリノゲンでコーティングし、その上に、これらの抗体クローンの存在下でミクログリア細胞(200,000細胞/mL)を播種した。30分後にウェルを洗浄し、残りの接着細胞を、0.1%クリスタルバイオレットで染色した。染色した細胞を1%PFAで固定し、0.5%Triton X−100で可溶化した。これらのクローンのうちの5個は、Mac−1に対する市販のブロッキング抗体(Ml/70)の能力と同様であり、595nmにおける吸光測定によって評価した時、フィブリノゲンへのミクログリア接着を阻止する重要な能力を示した(図1;吸光度のシフトによって測定した時、20%を超える割合の阻害を有する)。本発明の抗体は、30%、40%、または50%を超える割合で、フィブリノゲンへのミクログリア接着を防ぐことができることが企図される。クローン1A5、1D6および1E3はペプチド番号1のエピトープを認識するが、クローン4E11および5B8はペプチド番号2のエピトープを認識する。これらの5つのクローンを、さらにウェスタンブロットによりフィブリノゲンを認識するそれらの能力について分析した。全ての5つ抗体は、同程度にフィブリノゲンのγ鎖を認識した。これらの抗体が用量依存的にフィブリノゲンを認識するかどうかを調べるために、ELISAを、コーティングした全長フィブリノゲンにおいて行った(図2)。全ての5つ抗体は、漸増濃度の全長フィブリノゲンに特異的に結合することが判明した。単離および大規模な精製のために、これらの5つの抗体から3つを選択した(1E3、4E11および5B8は、吸光度のシフトにより測定した時に、フィブリンまたはフィブリノゲンγCドメインへのMac−1結合を、50%を超える割合で阻害する)。本発明の抗体は、フィブリンへのMac−1結合を50%、60%または70%を超える割合で阻害することができることが企図される。最初に、20mgの全ての3つの抗体を、インビトロ食作用アッセイおよびEAE実験における使用のために精製した。
食作用は、Mac−1によって媒介される活性化ミクログリアおよびマクロファージの主要な機能である。食作用アッセイを、以前に記載されたとおりにミクログリアにおいて行った。Adams et al.,2007,J.Exp.Med.204:571−582を参照されたく、これは参照によりその全体が本明細書に組込まれる。フィブリン由来のγ377−395ペプチドはミクログリア活性化を阻害し、中枢神経系自己免疫疾患の再発麻痺を抑制する。改変したフィブリンγ377−395エピトープに対するモノクローナル抗体5B8は、インビトロで食作用を阻害することに優れた有効性を示した。インビボ試験におけるこの抗体は、γ377−395ペプチドについて以前に記載されたとおり、MSの動物モデルにおける予防的および治療的投与を示す。
インビボのミクログリア活性化および脱髄の調節に対するフィブリン抗体の効果を評価するために、食作用アッセイで同定したクローンのうちの2個を、PLP EAEの発生後のマウスに投与した。抗体5B8および4E11を、1匹のマウスあたり250μgで、週に3回投与した。図4に示すとおり、抗体4E11は、EAEの発生において実質的効果がなかった。逆に、抗体5B8は、再発時に臨床症状の抑制を示した。
上記で説明した詳細の記載は、本発明を行う際に当業者を助けるために提供される。しかし、本明細書に記載し、請求される本発明は、これらの実施形態が本発明のいくつかの態様の説明として意図されるので、本明細書に開示された特定の実施形態によって範囲が限定されるものではない。任意の同等の実施形態は、本発明の範囲内にあることが意図される。実際、本明細書に示され、記載される変更に加えて、本発明の様々な変更は、本発明の発見の趣旨または範囲から逸脱しない前述の記載から当該技術者に明らかになるであろう。かかる変更は、添付の特許請求の範囲の範囲に入ることも意図される。
本明細書の参考文献の引用は、それが本発明の先行技術であると認めるものと解釈されてはならない。
Claims (15)
- フィブリンまたはフィブリノゲンのγCドメインに結合する単離抗体であって、前記フィブリンまたはフィブリノゲンのγCドメインへのミクログリア接着の20%を超える割合での阻害を示す抗体であり、
当該抗体の軽鎖が第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域を備え、前記第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域が、それぞれ順に、アミノ酸配列RSSKSLLHSSGITYLS(配列番号2)、QMSNLAS(配列番号3)、およびAQNLELPLT(配列番号4)を備え、
当該抗体の重鎖が第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域を備え、前記第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域が、それぞれ順に、アミノ酸配列GYTFTSYWIH(配列番号6)、LIDPSDSYTNYNQKFRG(配列番号7)、およびSDPTGC(配列番号8)を備える、
抗体。 - フィブリンまたはフィブリノゲンのγCドメインに結合する単離抗体であって、前記フィブリンまたはフィブリノゲンのγCドメインへのMac−1結合の50%を超える割合での阻害を示す抗体であり、
当該抗体の軽鎖が第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域を備え、前記第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域が、それぞれ順に、アミノ酸配列RSSKSLLHSSGITYLS(配列番号2)、QMSNLAS(配列番号3)、およびAQNLELPLT(配列番号4)を備え、
当該抗体の重鎖が第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域を備え、前記第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域が、それぞれ順に、アミノ酸配列GYTFTSYWIH(配列番号6)、LIDPSDSYTNYNQKFRG(配列番号7)、およびSDPTGC(配列番号8)を備える、
抗体。 - フィブリンまたはフィブリノゲンのγCドメインに結合する単離抗体であって、再発時に実験的自己免疫性脳脊髄炎(EAE)の臨床症状を抑制する抗体であり、
当該抗体の軽鎖が第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域を備え、前記第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域が、それぞれ順に、アミノ酸配列RSSKSLLHSSGITYLS(配列番号2)、QMSNLAS(配列番号3)、およびAQNLELPLT(配列番号4)を備え、
当該抗体の重鎖が第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域を備え、前記第1、第2、および第3の相補性決定領域が、それぞれ順に、アミノ酸配列GYTFTSYWIH(配列番号6)、LIDPSDSYTNYNQKFRG(配列番号7)、およびSDPTGC(配列番号8)を備える、
抗体。 - 前記抗体が、前記フィブリンまたはフィブリノゲンのγCドメインのγ377−395エピトープに結合する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- 前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- 前記抗体がヒト化抗体である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- 前記抗体がヒト抗体である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号1の軽鎖可変アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号5の重鎖可変アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号1の軽鎖可変アミノ酸配列および配列番号5の重鎖可変アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- フィブリンへのMac−1結合またはフィブリノゲンとのMac−1結合と関連する病態の症状の緩和が望まれる対象において、フィブリンへのMac−1結合またはフィブリノゲンとのMac−1結合と関連する病態の症状の緩和に使用するための、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の抗体。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項11に記載の抗体。
- 前記病態が、多発性硬化症、脊髄損傷、アルツハイマー病、脳卒中、関節リウマチおよび癌からなる群から選択される、請求項11又は12に記載の抗体。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の抗体および薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の抗体を含むキット。
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