JP5878601B2 - 排気ガス処理装置 - Google Patents
排気ガス処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5878601B2 JP5878601B2 JP2014192703A JP2014192703A JP5878601B2 JP 5878601 B2 JP5878601 B2 JP 5878601B2 JP 2014192703 A JP2014192703 A JP 2014192703A JP 2014192703 A JP2014192703 A JP 2014192703A JP 5878601 B2 JP5878601 B2 JP 5878601B2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 56
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/0211—Arrangements for mounting filtering elements in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
- F01N2450/30—Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/04—Filtering activity of particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Description
2 導入管
3 排出管
4 粒子フィルター
5 酸化触媒
6 SCR触媒
7 内側ハウジング
8 結合領域
9 結合部
10〜14 逆圧測定ポイント
15 外壁
16 内壁
17 断熱マット
18 端部カバー
19 U字状混合管
20 還元剤ノズル
21 フード部
22 流入路
23 方向転換室
24 内燃機関
25 ブッシュ
26 開口
27 外側ハウジング
30 環状空間
32 壁
34 領域
36 入口端面
37 出口端面
38 ジャケット
40 粒子フィルター・エレメント
42 支持マット
Claims (18)
- 燃焼排気ガスを導入するための導入管と、
前記燃焼排気ガスを排出するための排出管と、
一端が前記導入管と流体的に結合され、他端が前記排出管と流体的に結合されると共に、粒子フィルターを収納するための略気密な内側ハウジングと、
前記粒子フィルターを前記内側ハウジングに結合するための結合部と、
前記内側ハウジング内において前記粒子フィルターの上流側に設けられて、前記燃焼排気ガスの酸化反応の触媒として作用する酸化触媒と、
前記粒子フィルターで発生する逆圧を測定するために、前記酸化触媒と前記結合部との間に設けられた1以上の逆圧測定ポイントと、
を備えた排気ガス処理装置であって、
前記粒子フィルターと前記内側ハウジングとの間に径方向に環状空間が形成され、
前記環状空間は、前記酸化触媒と前記粒子フィルターとの間に形成された領域と流体的に結合され、
前記逆圧測定ポイントは前記環状空間内に設けられることを特徴とする排気ガス処理装置。 - 前記環状空間は前記結合部から前記粒子フィルターの入口端までの間を占める請求項1に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記逆圧測定ポイントは前記内側ハウジングの周面に設けられる請求項1または請求項2に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記内側ハウジングは前記逆圧測定ポイントにおいて開口を有し、前記逆圧測定ポイントにおいて該開口の端面に、圧力計を取り付けるためのブッシュが保持されている請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記開口は、前記環状空間を区画する前記内側ハウジングの壁に設けられる請求項4に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記ブッシュは、前記圧力計を前記ブッシュに螺合させて取り付けるためのネジ溝を有する請求項4または請求項5に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記内側ハウジングの外側に外側ハウジングが設けられ、
前記ブッシュは前記外側ハウジングを略直角に貫通する請求項4から請求項6のいずれかに記載の排気ガス処理装置。 - 前記外側ハウジングの外壁と内壁との間に断熱マットが前記外側ハウジングに包み込まれるように設けられ、
前記ブッシュは前記外壁、前記内壁および前記断熱マットを貫通する請求項7に記載の排気ガス処理装置。 - 前記逆圧測定ポイントは、前記結合部と前記外側ハウジングとの間に設けられ、
前記外側ハウジングが前記内側ハウジングの少なくとも一部を包み込んでいて、前記内側ハウジングが前記外側ハウジングから突き出ている請求項7又は請求項8に記載の排気ガス処理装置。 - 前記粒子フィルターに流体的に結合されて還元剤を前記燃焼排気ガスに混合するための混合管と、
前記混合管内に向かって開口し、前記還元剤としてアンモニアを含有する還元剤を噴霧状にする還元剤ノズルと、
一端において前記混合管と流体的に結合されると共に他端において前記排出管と流体的に結合され、前記還元剤による前記燃焼排気ガスの還元反応の触媒として作用する少なくとも1つのSCR触媒と、
を備える請求項7から請求項9のいずれかに記載の排気ガス処理装置。 - 前記SCR触媒を覆い、前記外側ハウジングに着脱可能に結合されたフードを備える請求項10に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記フード内に形成され、一端において前記混合管と流体的に結合され、他端において前記SCR触媒と流体的に結合された、前記還元剤と混合された前記燃焼排気ガスを前記SCR触媒内に導入するための流入路を備える請求項11に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記結合部の下流側に設けられた、前記内側ハウジングを覆うための着脱可能なカバーを備える請求項10から請求項12のいずれかに記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記カバー内に形成され、一端において前記内側ハウジングと流体的に結合され、他端において前記混合管と流体的に結合された、前記粒子フィルターから前記混合管への前記燃焼排気ガスの流れの方向を転換するための方向転換室を備える請求項13に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記内側ハウジングは、前記カバーが取り外された状態において、前記粒子フィルターを前記内側ハウジングの中へ所定の最大長にわたって押し込んで前記粒子フィルターを前記結合部によって前記内側ハウジングに結合することが可能な長さと形状を有している請求項13または請求項14に記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記結合部は、前記粒子フィルターを前記内側ハウジングに固定することが可能な着脱可能なクランプからなり、該クランプはV字状に形成されている請求項1から請求項15のいずれかに記載の排気ガス処理装置。
- 前記粒子フィルターとして煤煙粒子フィルターを備え、
前記煤煙粒子フィルターは、
前記燃焼排気ガスから煤煙粒子を分離するための少なくとも1つのガス透過基材と、
前記基材を包み込む気密なジャケットと、
前記基材と前記内側ハウジングとの間に設けられ、前記内側ハウジングを支持するための支持マットと、
を有する請求項1から請求項16のいずれかに記載の排気ガス処理装置。 - 燃料の燃焼によって燃焼排気ガスを排出する燃焼室を少なくとも1つ備えた内燃機関であって、
前記燃焼排気ガスを処理するために前記燃焼室と流体的に結合された、請求項1から請求項17のいずれかに記載の排気ガス処理装置を備えたことを特徴とする内燃機関。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013219640.7 | 2013-09-27 | ||
DE102013219640.7A DE102013219640A1 (de) | 2013-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung |
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JP2015068341A JP2015068341A (ja) | 2015-04-13 |
JP5878601B2 true JP5878601B2 (ja) | 2016-03-08 |
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JP2014192703A Active JP5878601B2 (ja) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-09-22 | 排気ガス処理装置 |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US9399938B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2853705B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5878601B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104514598B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR102014024155B8 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102013219640A1 (ja) |
IN (1) | IN2014KO00988A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2585343C2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105402007A (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-16 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | 柴油车箱式后处理总成 |
DE102016101191A1 (de) | 2016-01-25 | 2017-07-27 | Schmidt Abgasanlagen Ug | Vorrichtung zur Nachbehandlung von Abgasen |
JP6682972B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-14 | 2020-04-15 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置 |
CN106121779A (zh) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-11-16 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | 一种满足颗粒捕集器抽拉拆卸的箱式后处理结构总成 |
CN106285876A (zh) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-01-04 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | 柴油车箱式后处理装置 |
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BR102014024155B8 (pt) | 2023-02-14 |
BR102014024155B1 (pt) | 2021-10-13 |
BR102014024155A2 (pt) | 2015-10-06 |
DE102013219640A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
JP2015068341A (ja) | 2015-04-13 |
RU2014136092A (ru) | 2016-03-27 |
RU2585343C2 (ru) | 2016-05-27 |
IN2014KO00988A (ja) | 2015-07-17 |
US9399938B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
CN104514598A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
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