JP5877504B2 - 固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体 - Google Patents
固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5877504B2 JP5877504B2 JP2014504924A JP2014504924A JP5877504B2 JP 5877504 B2 JP5877504 B2 JP 5877504B2 JP 2014504924 A JP2014504924 A JP 2014504924A JP 2014504924 A JP2014504924 A JP 2014504924A JP 5877504 B2 JP5877504 B2 JP 5877504B2
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- electrode assembly
- polymer electrolyte
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- fuel cell
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
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- PAKNPEMFWIUWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoro-2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)=C(F)C1=CC=CC=C1F PAKNPEMFWIUWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
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Description
この単セルは、プロトン伝導性を有する高分子電解質膜(例えば、Nafion(登録商標)膜)と、これを挟持するアノード、カソード1対の電極層(「電極触媒層」とも言う)と、これら電解質膜及び電極層を挟持するアノード、カソード1対のガス拡散層を含む膜電極接合体(MEA:Membrane Electorode Assembly)をそれぞれ備えている。なお、上記ガス拡散層(以下、「GDL」と略記することがある)としては、一般にカーボンペーパーやカーボンクロスなどが用いられる。
また、本発明の固体高分子形燃料電池は、本発明の上記膜電極接合体を適用したモノであることを特徴とする。
図に示す膜電極接合体(MEA)1は、両面に触媒層11a及び11bを備えた高分子電解質膜10、すなわち触媒被覆膜(CCM:Catalyst Coated Membrane)を中心部に備え、当該CCMは、1対のガス拡散層(GDL)12a及び12bによって挟持されている。
そして、上記CCMを挟持した状態のGDL12a及び12bの周縁部には、第1のプラスチックフィルム13が装着されており、これによってCCM及びGDL12a、12bの端縁部を覆って、密封することができる。
パーフルオロスルホン酸系電解質膜としては、例えば、ナフィオン(登録商標、デュポン社製)、アシプレックス(登録商標、旭化成株式会社製)、フレミオン(登録商標、旭硝子株式会社製)等のパーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸系ポリマー、パーフルオロカーボンホスホン酸系ポリマー、トリフルオロスチレンスルホン酸系ポリマー、エチレンテトラフルオロエチレン−g−スチレンスルホン酸系ポリマー、エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、ポリビニリデンフルオリド−パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸系ポリマーなどが挙げられる。
これらの中では、触媒活性、一酸化炭素等に対する耐被毒性、耐熱性などを向上させるために、少なくとも白金を含むものが好適に用いられる。このような合金の組成としては、合金化する金属の種類にもよるが、白金の含有量を30〜90原子%とするのが好ましい。
なお、上記ガス拡散層には、マイクロポーラス層を適用することもできる。
そして、GDL全体をこのようなマイクロポーラス層にすることによって、あるいはその電解質膜側をマイクロポーラス層とすることによって、電解質膜中に水分を保持させたり、MEA中の余分な水分を排出して、フラッディングを抑制したりする機能を備えたものとなる。
このような樹脂材料としては、例えば、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)などを挙げることができる。
そして、積層体の両面に重ねられた金属多孔体14a、14bの周縁部には、上記同様の材料から成る第2のプラスチックフィルム15が装着され、先に装着された第1のプラスチックフィルム13と共に、上記金属多孔体14a、14bの端縁部がカバーされ、密封される。
また、CCM(電解質膜10、触媒層11a、11b)とGDL12a、12bとの積層体の周縁部が第1のプラスチックフィルム13で覆われた状態で金属多孔体14a、14bが組み込まれるので、ほつれた素線がCCMやGDLに食い込むことによる短絡や電解質膜10の破損(孔開き)を防止することができる。
10 高分子電解質膜
11 高分子電解質膜
11a、11b 触媒層
12a、12b ガス拡散層(GDL)
13 第1のプラスチックフィルム
14a、14b 金網(金属多孔体)
15 第2のプラスチックフィルム
16 接着層
Claims (5)
- 両面に触媒層を備えた高分子電解質膜をガス拡散層の間に挟持すると共に、その周縁部を第1のプラスチックフィルムで覆って成る積層体の表裏全面に金属多孔体を配置し、重ね合わせた上記積層体及び金属多孔体の周縁部を第2のプラスチックフィルムでさらに覆って成り、上記金属多孔体の周縁部が第1及び第2のプラスチックフィルム間に保持されていることを特徴とする固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
- 上記金属多孔体と第1及び第2の少なくとも一方のプラスチックフィルムとの間に接着層が介在していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
- 上記第1及び第2のプラスチックフィルムの間に接着層が介在していることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
- 上記ガス拡散層がマイクロポーラス層であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1つの項に記載の固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1つの項に記載の膜電極接合体を備えたことを特徴とする固体高分子形燃料電池。
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