JP5777847B2 - 関節形成装置 - Google Patents
関節形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5777847B2 JP5777847B2 JP2008533711A JP2008533711A JP5777847B2 JP 5777847 B2 JP5777847 B2 JP 5777847B2 JP 2008533711 A JP2008533711 A JP 2008533711A JP 2008533711 A JP2008533711 A JP 2008533711A JP 5777847 B2 JP5777847 B2 JP 5777847B2
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- implant
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- cartilage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/30942—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
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Description
本願で説明する方法および組成物は、軟骨の疾患(例えば、変形性関節症)、骨の損傷、軟骨の損傷、外傷、および/または酷使もしくは加齢による変性の結果もたらされる欠陥を治療するために使用することができる。本発明は、特に、医療従事者がそのような欠陥を評価し治療することができるようにする。対象領域のサイズ、容積および形状には、欠陥を有する軟骨の領域のみを含めることができるが、好ましくは、軟骨欠陥の周りの、軟骨の隣接部分も含めるのがよい。
本発明を実践するにあたり、プラスチック、金属、非結晶性金属、セラミック、生体材料(コラーゲンまたはその他の細胞外基質材料等)、ヒドロキシアパタイト、細胞(幹細胞、軟骨細胞等)、またはこれらの組み合わせ等(ただしこれらに限定されない)、様々な材料を使用することができる。欠陥や関節面および/または軟骨下骨に関する得られた情報(寸法等)に基づき、修復材料を形成するまたは選択することができる。さらに、本願で述べているこれらの技術の1つ以上を使用して、特定の軟骨欠陥に適合する曲率を有する、軟骨置換または再生材料は、関節面の輪郭や形状に従い、周囲の軟骨の厚さに一致する。修復材料は、材料のいかなる組み合わせを含んでもよく、典型的には、少なくとも1つの非柔軟性材料、例えば容易に曲げたり変形したりできない材料を含む。
現在、関節修復システムは、例えば基盤となる骨(例えば、膝人工器官の場合は大腿骨)に係止される人工器官等、多くの場合金属および/またはポリマー材料を採用している。例として、Afriatらに対し2001年3月20日に発行された米国特許第6,203,576号、Ogleらに対し2001年11月27日に発行された第6,322,588号、およびそれらに引用されている文献を参照。本発明の実施において、様々な材料が有用であり、いかなる基準にもとづいても選択することができる。例えば、金属の選択は、所望の程度の剛性をもたらすために、弾力性に基づいてもよい。好適な金属の限定されない例としては、銀、金、白金、パラジウム、イリジウム、銅、スズ、鉛、アンチモン、ビスマス、亜鉛、チタン、コバルト、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル、鉄合金、コバルト合金、例えばElgiloy(登録商標)((コバルト−クロム−ニッケル合金)やMP35N(ニッケル−コバルト−クロム−モリブデン合金)等、およびNitinol(商標)(ニッケル−チタン合金)、アルミニウム、マンガン、鉄、タンタル、非結晶性金属、例えばLiquidmetal(登録商標)合金(LiquidMetal Technologies(www.liquidmetal.com)より入手可能)等、多価金属イオンを徐々に形成して、例えば患者の体液または組織と接触する移植基材の石灰化を抑制することができるその他の金属、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
修復材料は、1つ以上の生体材料を、単独で、あるいは非生体材料と組み合わせて含むこともできる。例えば、いずれかのベース材料を設計または成形し、胎児の軟骨細胞等、好適な軟骨置換または再生材料をそのベースに適用することができる。その後細胞は、軟骨欠陥を取り囲む軟骨の厚さ(および/または曲率)が得られるまで、ベースとともに増殖することができる。生体外および生体内の培地内の様々な基材上での細胞増殖(軟骨細胞等)のための条件は、例えば、Slivkaらに対する米国特許第5,478,739号(1995年12月26日発行)、Naughtonらに対する第5,842,477号(1998年12月1日発行)、Vibe−Hansenらに対する第6,283,980号(2001年9月4日発行)、およびSalzmannらに対する第6,365,405号(2002年4月2日発行)に記述されている。好適な基材の制限されない例としては、プラスチック、組織スキャフォールド、骨置換材料(ヒドロキシアパタイト、生体吸収性材料等)、または、軟骨置換または再生材料をその上で成長させるのに好適な他のあらゆる材料が挙げられる。
軟骨および/または軟骨下骨の厚さおよび曲率の情報を使用して、関節軟骨および/または基盤となる骨の表面の物理的モデルを作成することができる。この物理的モデルは、関節内の限定された領域を表すものであってもよく、または関節全体を包含してもよい。このモデルは、軟骨の一部または全ての有無だけでなく、半月板の有無も考慮に入れることもできる。例えば、膝関節において、物理的モデルは、内側または外側の大腿顆のみ、両側の大腿顆および切痕領域、内側脛骨プラトー、外側脛骨プラトー、脛骨プラトー全体、内側膝蓋、外側膝蓋、膝蓋全体または関節全体を包含することができる。軟骨の病変領域の場所は、例えば、WO02/22014に述べられているように、3−D座標系または3−Dユークリッド距離を使用して決定することができる。
(A.成形)
例えば、必要となる軟骨材料の厚さが均一でない場合等(軟骨置換または再生材料が異なる厚さを必要とする場合等)、修復材料の成形は、場合により形成(例えば所望の厚さまでの成長)の前または後に必要となる。
関節修復システムは、周囲または隣接した軟骨、軟骨下骨、半月板および/または他の組織とのほぼ解剖学的な適合または一致を達成するように、形成または選択することができる。修復システムの形状は、電子画像の分析(MRI、CT、デジタルトモシンセシス、光コヒーレンス断層撮影法等)に基づくことができる。関節修復システムが病変軟骨または失われた軟骨の領域を置換するよう意図するものであれば、電子画像における健康軟骨の形状の仮想再建を提供する方法を用いて、ほぼ解剖学的な適合を達成することができる。
ラピッドプロトタイピングは、物体のコンピュータモデルから3次元物体を組み立てる技術である。複数の2次元層からプロトタイプを組み立てるために、特別なプリンタが使用される。コンピュータソフトウェアが物体の表現を複数の分離した2次元層に分割し、次に3次元プリンタが、ソフトウェアにより分割された各層に対し、材料の層を組み立てる。組立てられた様々な層が集まって所望のプロトタイプを形成する。ラピッドプロトタイピング技術に関しては、Russellらに対する米国特許公報第2002/0079601A1号(2002年6月27日発行)にその詳細を知ることができる。ラピッドプロトタイピングを使用する利点は、毒性のある、または強力な化合物を安全に使用する自由造形技術の使用を可能にすることである。これらの化合物は、賦形剤の外被に安全に組み込むことができ、労働者の暴露が軽減される。
患者に対し手術を行う前に、外科医は、例えば垂直前後方向のX線を使用して、術前に膝の整合性を決定することができる。術前評価を行う際、存在するあらゆる外側および膝蓋の突起を特定することができる。
図2の装具200を内側区画に挿入するには、膝蓋腱の内側に関節小切開を行う。切開部を形成したら、内側顆を露出させ、好適なナイフおよび湾曲骨刀を用いて内側スリーブを関節ラインの約1cm下まで準備する。内側スリーブを準備した後、Z型開創器を内側脛骨プラトーに設置し、半月板の前方部分と、脛骨および大腿骨に沿った骨棘を除去する。この時、膝は約60°以上曲げてある必要がある。Z型開創器を外し、大腿骨の最も遠位側に対し、および脛骨プラトーの端にわたりインプラントを設置する。インプラントを真直ぐ後ろに押す。場合によっては、外反力を加えることによりインプラントの挿入が容易になる場合がある。
図3に示す装具300を挿入するために、修復する顆に依存して、膝蓋の上縁に約1cm近くから始まる前内側または前外側皮膚切開を行う。切開は、典型的には、例えば膝蓋の端に沿って約6〜10cmの範囲となることができる。当業者には理解されるように、ある状況においてはより長い切開が必要となる場合がある。
図7に示す装具を挿入するには、図2に関して上述したような膝蓋腱の外側または内側に対する切開部を使用するのが適切な場合がある。まず、膝蓋を外側に裏返し、脂肪体および骨膜を膝蓋周辺から曲げ戻す。希望に応じて骨棘を除去してもよい。自然の膝蓋620の表面加工の前に、ある範囲にわたり手動で膝を動作させてみて不全脱臼がないか決定する必要がある。不全脱臼がある場合は、インプラント600を内転しなければならない場合がある。次に、平坦な表面がインプラントに向かうように、自然の膝蓋を平面的あるいは平坦に切開する。続いて膝蓋620の幾何学的中心をインプラント600の幾何学的中心に整合させる。インプラント600を膝蓋620に係止するために、インプラント600の杭610を受け入れるための1つ以上の穴または開口612を膝蓋面に形成することができる。
外科医が手術中に使用する1つ以上のインプラントを選択することができるように、上述の1つ以上のインプラントをキットとして互いに組み合わせることができる。
Claims (29)
- 患者特有の可動性ベアリングインプラントであって、該インプラントは、患者の関節を修復するためのものであり、
該インプラントは、
該患者の関節の脛骨の表面と係合する第1の要素と、
該患者の関節の大腿顆の少なくとも一部分をカバーし、かつ、前後方向および内外側方向のうちの少なくとも1つにおいて様々な半径を有する第2の要素であって、該様々な半径は、該患者の関節の隣接部分に実質的に一致する患者特有の曲率を提供する、第2の要素と、
第1の表面と第2の表面とを有するベアリング要素であって、該第1の表面は、該第1の要素の外部表面と摺動自在に係合するためのものであり、該第2の表面は、該第2の要素と関節運動するためのものであり、かつ、該第2の要素の半径と実質的に一致する様々な半径を有する、ベアリング要素と
を備える、可動性ベアリングインプラント。 - 前記第1の要素の前記外部表面は湾曲している、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記外部表面は、様々な半径を有する複数の湾曲した表面を含む、請求項2に記載のインプラント。
- 前記外部表面は少なくとも1つの軸に沿って平坦である、請求項3に記載のインプラント。
- 前記第1の要素の前記外部表面はスロットを含み、前記ベアリング要素の前記第1の表面はアンカを含み、該アンカは、該ベアリング要素の動きを該第1の要素の該外部表面に沿って方向付けるように、摺動自在に前記スロットと係合する、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは湾曲している、請求項5に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは、様々な半径を有する複数の曲率を含む、請求項6に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは傾斜している、請求項5に記載のインプラント。
- 患者特有の可動性ベアリングインプラントであって、該インプラントは、患者の関節を修復するためのものであり、
該インプラントは、
骨接表面と外部表面とを含む第1の要素であって、該骨接表面は該患者の関節の脛骨と係合するためのものである、第1の要素と、
該患者の関節の顆の少なくとも一部分をカバーし、かつ、前後方向および内外側方向のうちの少なくとも1つにおいて様々な半径を有する第2の要素であって、該様々な半径は、該患者の関節の隣接部分に実質的に一致する患者特有の曲率を提供する、第2の要素と、
第1の表面と第2の表面とを有するベアリング要素であって、該第1の表面は、該第1の要素の該外部表面と摺動自在に係合するためのものであり、該第2の表面は、該第2の要素と関節運動するためのものであり、該第2の要素は、これにより、前後方向において、該第1の要素に対して移動可能である、ベアリング要素と
を備える、可動性ベアリングインプラント。 - 前記第1の要素の前記外部表面は、様々な半径を有する複数の湾曲した表面を含む、請求項9に記載のインプラント。
- 前記第1の要素の前記骨接表面は、脛骨関節面と係合し、前記ベアリング要素の前記第2の表面は、大腿骨インプラント要素と係合する、請求項9に記載のインプラント。
- 前記外部表面は平坦である、請求項9に記載のインプラント。
- 前記第1の要素の前記外部表面はスロットを含み、前記ベアリング要素の前記第1の表面はアンカを含み、該アンカは、該ベアリング要素の動きを該第1の要素の該外部表面に沿って方向付けるように、摺動自在に前記スロットと係合する、請求項9に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは湾曲している、請求項13に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは、様々な半径を有する複数の曲率を含む、請求項14に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは傾斜している、請求項13に記載のインプラント。
- 前記第1の要素は、前記ベアリング要素の動作を制限するための少なくとも1つの停止部を含み、該停止部は、該ベアリング要素と接触するための湾曲した表面を含む、請求項9に記載のインプラント。
- 患者特有の可動性ベアリングインプラントであって、該インプラントは、患者の関節を修復するためのものであり、
該インプラントは、
骨接表面と外部表面とを含む第1の要素であって、該第1の要素は、該患者の関節の脛骨と係合するためのものであり、該外部表面は、矢状面において湾曲している、第1の要素と、
該患者の関節の顆の少なくとも一部分をカバーし、かつ、前後方向および内外側方向のうちの少なくとも1つにおいて様々な半径を有する第2の要素であって、該様々な半径は、該患者の関節の隣接部分に実質的に一致する患者特有の曲率を提供する、第2の要素と、
第1の表面と第2の表面とを有するベアリング要素であって、該第1の表面は、該第1の要素の該外部表面と摺動自在に係合するための該矢状面における曲率を有し、該第2の表面は、該第2の要素と関節運動するためのものである、ベアリング要素と
を備える、可動性ベアリングインプラント。 - 前記第1の要素の前記骨接表面は、脛骨関節面と係合し、前記ベアリング要素の前記第2の表面は、大腿骨インプラント要素と係合する、請求項18に記載のインプラント。
- 前記外部表面はスロットを含む、請求項18に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは、様々な半径を有する複数の曲率を含む、請求項20に記載のインプラント。
- 前記スロットは傾斜している、請求項18に記載のインプラント。
- 患者特有の可動性ベアリングインプラントであって、該インプラントは、患者の関節を修復するためのものであり、
該インプラントは、
骨接表面と外部表面とを含む第1の要素であって、該骨接表面は該患者の関節の脛骨と係合するためのものである、第1の要素と、
該患者の関節の大腿顆の少なくとも一部分をカバーし、かつ、前後方向において様々な半径を有する第2の要素であって、該様々な半径は、該患者の関節の隣接部分に実質的に一致する患者特有の曲率を提供する、第2の要素と、
第1の表面と第2の表面とを有するベアリング要素であって、該第1の表面は、該第1の要素の該外部表面と摺動自在に係合するためのものであり、該第2の表面は、第2の要素と摺動自在に係合するためのものである、ベアリング要素と
を備え、
該第1の表面および該第2の表面のうちの少なくとも1つは、湾曲した表面を含む、可動性ベアリングインプラント。 - 患者特有の可動性ベアリングインプラントであって、該インプラントは、患者の関節を修復するためのものであり、
該インプラントは、
骨接表面と外部表面とを含む第1の要素であって、該骨接表面は該患者の関節の表面と係合するためのものである、第1の要素と、
該患者の関節の表面の少なくとも一部分をカバーし、かつ、少なくとも1つの方向において様々な半径を有する第2の要素であって、該様々な半径は、該患者の関節の隣接部分に実質的に一致する患者特有の曲率を提供する、第2の要素と、
第1の表面と第2の表面とを有するベアリング要素であって、該第1の表面は、該第1の要素の該外部表面と摺動自在に係合するためのものであり、該第2の表面は、該第2の要素と関節運動するためのものであり、該第2の要素は、これにより、該第1の要素に対して移動可能である、ベアリング要素と
を備える、可動性ベアリングインプラント。 - 前記第1の要素の外周は腎臓の形をしている、請求項24に記載の可動性ベアリング。
- 前記第1の要素の外周は非対称である、請求項24に記載の可動性ベアリング。
- 前記第1の要素は、前記ベアリング要素よりも大きい外周を有する、請求項24に記載の可動性ベアリング。
- 前記第1の要素は、前記ベアリング要素よりも小さい外周を有する、請求項24に記載の可動性ベアリング。
- 前記第1の要素は、前記ベアリング要素の動作を制限するための少なくとも1つの停止部を含み、該停止部は、該ベアリング要素と接触するための湾曲した表面を含む、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
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PCT/US2006/038212 WO2007041375A2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-29 | Joint arthroplasty devices |
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2006
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- 2006-09-29 AU AU2006297137A patent/AU2006297137A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2012091033A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
JP5575823B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
EP3187153A3 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
US20120197408A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
WO2007041375A3 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
JP2009513187A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
EP1928359A4 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
AU2006297137A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
EP3187153A2 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
WO2007041375A2 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
US20120245699A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
US20070100462A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
JP2015164563A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
EP1928359A2 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
CA2623834A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
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