JP5767854B2 - 有機性廃水の処理方法 - Google Patents
有機性廃水の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5767854B2 JP5767854B2 JP2011109739A JP2011109739A JP5767854B2 JP 5767854 B2 JP5767854 B2 JP 5767854B2 JP 2011109739 A JP2011109739 A JP 2011109739A JP 2011109739 A JP2011109739 A JP 2011109739A JP 5767854 B2 JP5767854 B2 JP 5767854B2
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
Description
工程(1)では、先ず、油脂を含有する有機性廃水を細菌槽に導入する。有機性廃水に含まれる油脂の濃度は30〜1000mg/Lであり、好ましくは30〜300mg/Lである。油脂の濃度が上記数値範囲内であると、大掛かりな設備や工程が不要であるとともに、汚泥転換率が低減され、かつ、低膜圧差であるといった本発明の効果が有効に発揮される。なお、油脂の濃度が1000mg/L超であると、油脂の濃度が高過ぎるので、加圧浮上設備や油水分離槽などの油脂を除去するための設備等が別途必要になる場合がある。
工程(2)では、先ず、工程(1)で得られた一次処理廃水を、活性汚泥を含む膜分離活性汚泥槽に導入し、一次処理廃水を処理する。膜分離活性汚泥槽内には、原生動物が存在している。そして、膜分離活性汚泥槽へと導入される一次処理廃水には、非凝集性細菌が含まれている。すなわち、工程(2)においては、一次処理廃水に含まれる非凝集性細菌を原生動物に捕食除去させる、いわゆる「二相式活性汚泥処理」を行う。
本発明の有機性廃水の処理方法においては、図4に示すように、膜分離槽30内の活性汚泥の少なくとも一部を抜き出して活性汚泥処理槽30に導入し、活性汚泥に含まれる細菌の少なくとも一部を殺菌又は溶菌した後、細菌槽10及び/又は膜分離槽20に導入する工程(以下、「活性汚泥処理工程」ともいう)をさらに有することが好ましい。このような活性汚泥処理を行うことで、生成する処理水の水質を悪化させることなく、余剰汚泥発生量をさらに低減することが可能になるとともに、有機性廃水の浄化処理が簡易且つ経済的になされるといった利点がある。
グルコース、ポリペプトン、酵母エキス、尿素、リン酸二水素カリウム、及び硫酸マグネシウムを成分とした模擬排水に、市販の大豆油を油脂分として300mg/Lとなるように添加し、BOD 2000mg/Lとした被処理水(1)を調製した。また、油脂分を加えないこと以外は被処理水(1)と同様にして、BOD 2000mg/Lとした被処理水(2)を調製した。調製した被処理水(1)及び(2)の水質を表1に示す。
図3に示す処理装置を使用して被処理水(1)(水温:25℃)の生物処理を行った。なお、細菌槽10の容量は1L、及びHRT(水理学的滞留時間)は4.8時間であり、浸漬型の膜分離槽20の容量は5.7L、HRTは27.2時間、及びSRT(汚泥滞留時間)は30日であった。また、細菌槽10に対するBOD容積負荷を10kg/(m3・日)、処理槽全体(細菌槽10と膜分離槽20の合計)に対するBOD容積負荷を1.5kg/(m3・日)、及びHRTを32時間とする条件で処理を行った。処理を3ヶ月間実施し、処理水の水質、分離膜25における膜圧差、汚泥の粘度、及び汚泥濃度(MLSS)を測定するとともに、汚泥転換率を算出した。処理水の水質及び汚泥濃度の測定結果、並びに汚泥転換率の算出結果を表2に示す。また、処理日数(日)に対して、膜圧差(kPa)をプロットしたグラフを図1に示す。さらに、処理日数(日)に対して、汚泥の粘度(mPa・s)をプロットしたグラフを図2に示す。
表2に示す条件としたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして被処理水(1)及び(2)の生物処理を行った。処理水の水質及び汚泥濃度の測定結果、並びに汚泥転換率の算出結果を表2に示す。また、処理日数(日)に対して、膜圧差(kPa)をプロットしたグラフを図1に示す。さらに、処理日数(日)に対して、汚泥の粘度(mPa・s)をプロットしたグラフを図2に示す。
表2に示す条件としたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして被処理水(1)の生物処理を行った。なお、汚泥処理槽30を使用した殺菌又は溶菌処理は、以下の通りに実施した(図4参照)。すなわち、膜分離槽20中の汚泥の5体積%を汚泥処理槽30へと導入した後、pH2.5となるように68質量%の硝酸を添加し、常温(20℃)、HRT3時間で殺菌又は溶菌処理を行った。また、殺菌又は溶菌処理後の汚泥は、膜分離槽20へと返送し、通常のフローに従って生物処理を継続した。処理水の水質及び汚泥濃度の測定結果、並びに汚泥転換率の算出結果を表2に示す。また、処理日数(日)に対して、膜圧差(kPa)をプロットしたグラフを図1に示す。さらに、処理日数(日)に対して、汚泥の粘度(mPa・s)をプロットしたグラフを図2に示す。
有機性廃水の処理に際しては、一般的に、分離膜における膜圧差が20kPa未満、及び汚泥の粘度が100mPa・s未満であれば、膜分離槽を用いた膜分離活性汚泥法を適用可能であると判断することができる。図1及び2に示すように、細菌槽を有する処理装置を使用した実施例1〜3では、処理開始から約3ヶ月間、膜差圧は20kPa未満、汚泥の粘度は100mPa・s未満で安定して推移した。これに対して、細菌槽を有しない処理装置を使用した比較例1では、処理開始から約1ヶ月には、膜圧差が上昇して20kPa以上になるとともに、汚泥の粘度も上昇して100mPa・s以上になった。
20:膜分離槽
25:分離膜
30:汚泥処理槽
Claims (2)
- 油脂を30〜1000mg/L含有する有機性廃水を、前記油脂を除去することなく細菌槽に導入し、前記細菌槽内で原生動物の実質的不存在下で細菌処理し、前記油脂の少なくとも一部を酸化分解するとともに非凝集性細菌に変換して一次処理廃水を得る工程と、
得られた前記一次処理廃水を、活性汚泥を含む膜分離活性汚泥槽に導入し、前記非凝集性細菌を原生動物に捕食除去させた後、分離膜により固液分離する工程と、を有し、
沈澱池又は沈殿槽で固液分離する工程を有さず、
前記細菌槽と前記膜分離活性汚泥槽の合計のBOD容積負荷が、1.0〜3.5kg/(m 3 ・日)であることを特徴とする有機性廃水の処理方法。 - 前記活性汚泥の少なくとも一部を抜き出して活性汚泥処理槽に導入し、前記活性汚泥に含まれる細菌の少なくとも一部を殺菌又は溶菌した後、前記細菌槽及び/又は前記膜分離活性汚泥槽に導入する工程をさらに有する請求項1に記載の有機性廃水の処理方法。
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