JP5746055B2 - 殺虫性タンパク質及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
殺虫性タンパク質及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5746055B2 JP5746055B2 JP2011552167A JP2011552167A JP5746055B2 JP 5746055 B2 JP5746055 B2 JP 5746055B2 JP 2011552167 A JP2011552167 A JP 2011552167A JP 2011552167 A JP2011552167 A JP 2011552167A JP 5746055 B2 JP5746055 B2 JP 5746055B2
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- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
Bacillus thuringiensisは、昆虫のある一定の目及び種に特異的に有毒であるが、植物及び非標的生物には無害な結晶封入体を生産するその能力によって特徴付けられる、グラム陽性の胞子形成土壌細菌である。そのため、Bacillus thuringiensis株又はその殺虫性タンパク質を含む組成物は、農業上の害虫、又はヒト若しくは動物の様々な疾患を媒介する昆虫を制御するための環境に優しい殺虫剤として用いることができる。
この毒素は、標的幼虫の中腸内の頂部刷子縁のレセプターに結合し、イオンチャネル又は孔を形成しながら頂端膜に移入し、幼虫の死をもたらす。
細菌、植物、植物細胞、組織及び種子に害虫抵抗性を付与するための組成物及び方法が提供される。組成物は、毒素ポリペプチドのための配列をコードする核酸分子、それら核酸分子を含むベクター、及びベクターを含む宿主細胞を含む。組成物はまた、毒素のポリペプチド配列、及びそれらポリペプチドに対する抗体をも含む。ヌクレオチド配列を、DNA構築物、又は微生物及び植物を含む生物への形質転換及び発現のための発現カセットにおいて使用することができる。ヌクレオチド又はアミノ酸配列は、微生物又は植物を含むが、これらに限定されない生物において発現させるために設計された合成配列であってもよい。組成物はまた、形質転換された細菌、植物、植物細胞、組織、及び種子をも含む。
本発明は、生物、特に植物又は植物細胞において害虫抵抗性を制御するための組成物及び方法に関する。この方法は、本発明の毒素タンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を用いて生物を形質転換することを含む。特に、本発明のヌクレオチド配列は、殺虫活性を有する植物及び微生物の調製に有用である。従って、形質転換した細菌、植物、植物細胞、植物組織及び種子が提供される。組成物は、Bacillus thuringiensisの毒素核酸及びタンパク質である。配列は、目的の生物へその後形質転換するための発現ベクターの構築においてはその他の毒素遺伝子の単離のためのプローブとして、そしてドメインスワッピング又はDNAシャッフリングなどの当該分野において公知の方法により変化させた殺虫性タンパク質の生成のために用いられる。タンパク質は、鱗翅目、鞘翅目、及び線虫害虫集団の制御又は駆除、並びに殺虫活性を有する組成物の生産のために用いられる。
1つの実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、デルタエンドトキシンのcry8ファミリーとの相同性を有する。デルタエンドトキシンのcry8ファミリーは、鞘翅目の昆虫に対して有毒であることが示されている。例えば、鞘翅目に活性なCry8変異体は、米国特許第7,105,332号に記載されている(その全体を参照により明細書に組み入れる)。特許‘332にはまた、エンドトキシンの構造と機能との間の関係についての知見を提供する、Cry3A遺伝子の決定した構造(Li et al. (1991) Nature 353:815 821)から構築したcry8相同性モデルが示されている。
1つの実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、cry7様デルタエンドトキシンである。様々な実施形態において、本発明のcry7様配列は、配列番号4に示されるヌクレオチド配列、配列番号53に示されるアミノ酸配列、並びに生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、デルタエンドトキシンのcry1Iファミリーとの相同性を有する。いくつかの実施形態において、cry1Iホモログは、配列番号5に示されるヌクレオチド配列、配列番号54に示されるアミノ酸配列、並びに生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、デルタエンドトキシンのcry9ファミリーとの相同性を有する。いくつかの実施形態において、cry9ホモログは、配列番号6に示されるヌクレオチド配列、配列番号55に示されるアミノ酸配列、並びに生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、デルタエンドトキシンのcry4ファミリーとの相同性を有する。様々な実施形態において、本明細書において包含されるcry4ホモログは、配列番号7、8、9、10、11、及び12に示されたヌクレオチド配列、配列番号56、57、58、59、60、及び61に示されたアミノ酸配列、並びに生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、cryC35/cryC53様配列である。いくつかの実施形態において、cryC35/cryC53様配列は、配列番号13、14、15、又は16に示されるヌクレオチド配列、配列番号62、63、64、及び65に示されるアミノ酸配列、並びに生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、cry21/cry12様配列である。cry12/21ファミリーは、線虫害虫に対する活性を有することが示されている(Wei (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100(5): 2760-2765及び欧州特許第0462721A2号、このそれぞれは参照により本明細書に組み入れる)。様々な実施形態において、本明細書に包含されるcry21/cry12様配列は、配列番号17、18、19、及び20に示されるヌクレオチド配列、配列番号66、67、68、及び69に示されるアミノ酸配列、並びに生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、VIP様又はバイナリー様タンパク質である。植物性殺虫タンパク質(VIP)は、細菌の栄養成長の際に生産される殺虫タンパク質であり、従って外毒素に分類される。VIP遺伝子は、様々な鱗翅目に対する殺虫活性を示す。
さらに別の実施形態において、本明細書に包含される配列は、MTX様配列である。当該分野で使用される場合、「MTX」という用語は、当該技術において、Bacillus sphaericusにより生産される一組の殺虫性タンパク質を説明するために用いられる。当該分野においてはしばしばMTX1と称される、これらの第一は、蚊に対して有毒な副胞子結晶として合成される。結晶の主要な成分は51及び42kDaの2つのタンパク質である。有毒性には両方のタンパク質が存在することが必要とされるため、MTX1は、「バイナリー」毒素だと考えられる(Baumann et al. (1991) Microbiol. Rev. 55:425-436)。
本発明はさらに、デルタエンドトキシンではないが、バチルスから単離された毒素配列を含む。1つの実施形態において、これらの毒素は、ホスファチジルイノシトールホスホジエステラーゼ(ホスファチジルイノシトール特異的ホスホリパーゼC(PI−PLC)とも称される)との相同性を有する。ホスファチジルイノシトールホスホジエステラーゼは、グリコシルホスファチジルイノシトール(GPI)とホスファチジルイノシトール(PI)アンカーを分解する。これらのタンパク質は、PI−PLC X−ボックスドメインを含み、そして細菌細胞膜を通じて培養培地中に酵素を分泌する、Bacillus cereus、Bacillus thuringiensis、Staphylococcus aureus、及びClostridium novyiの培養から単離された。Bacillus cereus由来のホスファチジルイノシトール特異的ホスホリパーゼC(PI−PLC)(Heinz et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 3855-3863、参照によりその全体を本明細書に組み入れる)の活性部位ポケットに局在するアミノ酸残基の役割は、部位特異的突然変異生成、動力学、及び結晶構造解析により研究された(Gassler et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36:12802-12813、参照によりその全体を本明細書に組み入れる)。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、cry55ホモログである。いくつかの実施形態において、cry55ホモログは、配列番号43及び44に示されるヌクレオチド配列、配列番号92及び93に示されるアミノ酸配列、並びにその生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
別の実施形態において、本明細書において開示された配列は、cry15Aホモログである。Cry15A毒素は、鱗翅目の害虫に対して活性を有することが示された(Rang et al. (2000) Curr Microbiol. 40(3):200-4)。いくつかの実施形態において、cry15Aホモログは、配列番号45、46、及び47に示されるヌクレオチド配列、配列番号94、95、及び96に示されるアミノ酸配列、並びに生物学的に活性な変異体及びその断片を含む。
本発明の1つの態様は、毒素タンパク質及びポリペプチド又はその生物学的に活性な一部分をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む単離した又は組換え核酸分子、並びに毒素をコードする核酸を同定するためのハイブリダイゼーションプローブとしての使用に十分である核酸分子に関する。本明細書で使用する場合、「核酸分子」という用語は、DNA分子(例えば、組換えDNA、cDNA又はゲノムDNA)及びRNA分子(例えば、mRNA)及びヌクレオチドアナログを用いて生成されたDNA又はRNAのアナログを含むことを意味する。核酸分子は、一本鎖であっても二本鎖であってもよいが、好ましくは二本鎖DNAである。
毒素タンパク質もまた本発明に包含される。「毒素タンパク質」とは、配列番号50〜96に示されるアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質を意味する。断片、生物学的に活性な一部分、及びその変異体もまた提供され、及び本発明の方法を実施するために用いてもよい。
毒素のDNA配列を様々な方法により変化させてもよく、そしてこれらの変化が、本発明の毒素によってコードされるアミノ酸配列とは異なるアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質をコードするDNA配列を生じてもよいことが認識される。このタンパク質は、最大約2、約3、約4、約5、約6、約7、約8、約9、約10、約15、約20、約25、約30、約35、約40、約45、約50、約55、約60、約65、約70、約75、約80、約85、約90、約100、約105、約110、約115、約120、約125、約130又はそれ以上までのアミノ酸置換、欠失又は挿入を含む、配列番号50〜96の1つ以上のアミノ酸のアミノ酸置換、欠失、切断、及び、挿入を含む、様々な方法によって変化させてもよい。
本発明の毒素配列は、目的の植物中で発現させるための発現カセットにおいて提供され得る。「植物発現カセット」とは、植物細胞においてオープンリーディングフレーム由来のタンパク質の発現を誘導することができるDNA構築物を意味する。典型的には、これらは、プロモーター及びコード配列を含む。しばしば、それらの構築物は、3’非翻訳領域をもまた含む場合がある。それらの構築物は、葉緑体(又はその他の色素体)、小胞体、又はゴルジ装置などの特定の細胞内構造への、翻訳と同時の又は翻訳後の、ペプチドの輸送を促進するための「シグナル配列」又は「リーダー配列」を含んでもよい。
本発明の方法は、ヌクレオチド構築物を植物に導入する工程を含む。「導入する」とは、植物細胞の内部に構築物が侵入する方法において、ヌクレオチド構築物を植物に与えることを意味する。本発明の方法は、ヌクレオチド構築物を用いる植物に導入する特定の方法の使用を必要とせず、植物の少なくとも1つの細胞にヌクレオチド構築物が侵入することだけが必要とされる。ヌクレオチド構築物を植物に導入する方法は、当該分野において公知であり、安定な形質転換方法、一過性の形質転換方法、及びウイルスを介した方法を含むが、これらに限定されない。
異種外因性DNAを植物細胞へ導入した後、植物ゲノムへの異種遺伝子の形質転換又は組換えを、核酸、タンパク質及び、組み換えた遺伝子に関連する代謝産物の解析などの様々な方法より確認する。
本発明の別の態様において、殺虫活性を有する毒素を発現しているトランスジェニック植物を作出してもよい。一例として、トランスジェニック植物を作出するためには上述した方法を用いることができるが、トランスジェニック植物細胞の作出方法は、本発明にとって重要ではない。Agrobacteriumを介した形質転換、微粒子銃を用いた形質転換、及び粒子を介さない方法などの、当該分野において公知の又は記載された方法を実験者の判断で用いてもよい。毒素を発現している植物は、当該分野において記載された一般的な方法、例えば、カルスの形質転換、トランスジェニックカルスの選抜、及びそれら形質転換化するからの稔性のある植物の再生により、単離され得る。それらの過程においては、植物細胞におけるその発現が形質転換細胞の同定する又は選別する能力を付与する限り、いずれの遺伝子を選択マーカーとして使用してもよい。
農薬制御又は殺虫性薬剤としてのその他の生物の改変における、本発明のヌクレオチド配列を含む株又はその変異体の一般的な使用方法は、当該分野において公知である。例えば米国特許第5,039,523号及び欧州特許第0480762A2号を参照。
本発明の活性成分は、通常、組成物の形態において適用され、そして、同時に又は連続して、その他の化合物共に農地又は処理する植物に適用することができる。これらの化合物は、肥料、除草剤、凍結防止剤、界面活性剤、洗浄剤、殺虫性石鹸、ドーマントオイル、ポリマー、及び/又は、製剤の単回投与の後に、標的地域での長期投与を可能にする、持続放出型又は生分解性担体製剤である可能性がある。それらはまた、選択的除草剤、化学的な殺虫剤、殺ウイルス剤、殺菌薬、殺アメーバ剤、農薬、抗真菌剤、殺菌剤、殺線虫剤、軟体動物駆除剤又は複数のこれら調整物の混合物となる可能性があり、所望ならば、さらに、製剤分野において習慣的に用いられる農業上許容可能な担体、界面活性剤又は適用を促進するアジュバントと一緒に用いられる。好適な担体及びアジュバントは、固体であっても液体であってもよく、かつ、製剤技術において通常用いられる物質、例えば天然の又は再生した鉱物、溶媒、分散剤、湿潤剤、粘着剤、結合剤又は肥料に相当する。同様に、製剤を食用の「餌」として調製してもよく、又は殺虫性製剤の標的害虫が、摂食又は摂取することを可能にする、害虫「わな」の様式としてもよい。
トリジアゾール(Etridiazole)、メタラキシル、キントゼン(Quintozene);ダイズ除草剤:アラクロール、ベンタゾン(Bentazone)、トリフルラリン、クロリムロン−エチル(Chlorimuron-Ethyl)、クロランスラム−メチル(Cloransulam-Methyl)、フェノキサプロップ、フォメサフェン(Fomesafen)、フルアジホップ、グリホサート、イマザモックス(Imazamox)、イマザキン(Imazaquin)、イマゼタピル(Imazethapyr)、(S−)メトラクロル、メトリブジン、ペンディメタリン、テプラロキシジム、グルホシネート;ダイズ殺虫剤:ラムダ−シハロトリン、メソミル、パラチオン(Parathion)、チオカルブ(Thiocarb)、イミダクロプリド、クロチアニジン、チアメトキサム、チアクロプリド、アセタミプリド、ジノテフラン、フルベンジアミド、リナキシピル、シアジピル、スピノサド、スピノトラム、エマメクチン−ベンゾエート、フィプロニル、エチプロル、デルタメトリン、β−シフルトリン、ガンマ及びラムダシハロトリン、4−[[(6−クロロピリジン−3−イル)メチル](2,2−ジフルオレチル)アミノ]フラン−2(5H)−オン、スピロテトラマト、スピノジクロフェン(Spinodiclofen)、トリフルムロン、フロニカミド、チオジカルブ、ベータ−シフルトリン;ダイズ抗真菌剤:アゾキシストロビン、シプロコナゾール、エポキシコナゾール、フルトリアホール(Flutriafol)、ピラクロストロビン、テブコナゾール、トリフロキシストロビン、プロチオコナゾール、テトラコナゾール(Tetraconazole);テンサイ除草剤:クロリダゾン(Chloridazon)、デスメジファム(Desmedipham)、エトフメセート(Ethofumesate)、フェンメジファム(Phenmedipham)、トリアレート(Triallate)、クロピラリド、フルアジホップ、レナシル(Lenacil)、メタミトロン(Metamitron)、キンメラック(Quinmerac)、シクロキシジム(Cycloxydim)、トリフルスルフロン(Triflusulfuron)、テプラロキシジム、キザロホップ(Quizalofop);テンサイ殺虫剤:イミダクロプリド、クロチアニジン、チアメトキサム、チアクロプリド、アセタミプリド、ジノテフラン、デルタメトリン、β−シフルトリン、ガンマ/ラムダシハロトリン、4−[[(6−クロロピリジン−3−イル)メチル](2、2−ジフルオレチル)アミノ]フラン−2(5H)−オン、テフルトリン、リナキシピル、シアジピル(Cyaxypyr)、フィプロニル、カルボフラン;カノーラ除草剤:クロピラリド、ジクロホップ、フルアジホップ、グルホシネート、グリホサート、メタザクロル(Metazachlor)、トリフルラリンエタメツルフロン(TrifluralinEthametsulfuron)、キンメラック、キザロホップ、クレトジム、テプラロキシジム;カノーラ抗真菌剤:アゾキシストロビン、カルベンダジム、フルジオキソニル(Fludioxonil)、イプロジオン、プロクロラズ(Prochloraz)、ビンクロゾリン(Vinclozolin);カノーラ殺虫剤:カルボフラン、有機リン剤(Organophosphates)、ピレスロイド(Pyrethroids)、チアクロプリド、デルタメトリン、イミダクロプリド、クロチアニジン、チアメトキサム、アセタミプリド、ジノテフラン、β−シフルトリン、ガンマ及びラムダシハロトリン、タウ−フルバリレート(tau-Fluvaleriate)、エチプロル、スピノサド、スピノトラム、フルベンジアミド、リナキシピル、シアジピル、4−[[(6−クロロピリジン−3−イル)メチル](2,2−ジフルオレチル)アミノ]フラン−2(5H)−オン、が挙げられる。
植物の収量を増加させる方法が提供される。該方法は、本明細書において開示された殺虫性ポリペプチド配列をコードするポリヌクレオチドを発現している植物又は植物細胞を提供する工程、及び前記ポリペプチドが殺虫活性を有する害虫によって感染された用地にその植物又は種子を生育させる工程を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、該ポリペプチドは鱗翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、半翅目、又は線虫害虫、に対する殺虫活性を有し、前記用地は鱗翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、又は線虫害虫により感染される。
実施例1 新規遺伝子の同定
以下のような方法を用いて、本明細書において記載した細菌株より、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した:
・ デルタエンドトキシン遺伝子を典型的に有するプラスミドを含む株からの、染色体外DNAの調製
・ 大きさによって分散する断片を生成するための、染色体外DNAの機械的切断
・ 〜2Kbから〜10Kbの染色体外DNA断片のクローニング
・ 染色体外DNA〜1500クローンの増殖
・ クローニングベクター特異的プライマーを用いた1500クローンの部分的なシークエンシング(末端の読み出し)
・ (その全文を参照により本明細書に組み入れる、米国特許第20040014091号に記載されたような)MiDAS法を介した相同性解析を通じての、推定毒素遺伝子の同定
・ 目的の推定毒素遺伝子の断片を含むクローンの配列解読完了(ウォーキング)
・ (様々な大きさのプラスミド;ファージ染色体;精製プロトコールによって分離されていないゲノムDNA断片;その他の解析されていない染色体外分子、のいくつか又はすべての混合物を含む)株からの染色体外DNAの調製
・ 大きさによって分散する断片を生成するための、染色体外DNAの機械的又は酵素的切断
・ 断片化DNAのハイスループットなパイロシークエンシング法によるシークエンシング
・ 相同性及び/又はその他のコンピューター解析を介した推定毒素遺伝子の同定
・ 複数のPCR又はクローニング法(例えばTAIL−PCR)のうちの1つを用いた、目的の遺伝子配列解読完了
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表2に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表3に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表4に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表5に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表6に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。axmi−153とaxmi−154の両方をコードする完全長配列を配列番号48に示した。axmi−157とaxmi−158の両方をコードする完全長配列を配列番号49に示した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表7に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表8に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表9に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表10に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表11に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表12に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
実施例1において開示された方法を用い、表13に挙げた細菌株から、新規の殺虫性遺伝子を同定した。
本明細書において開示された毒素遺伝子をpAX980からPCRによって増幅し、そしてPCR産物を当該分野において周知の方法により、バチルス発現ベクターpAX916、又は別の好適なベクターにクローニングした。axmi遺伝子を有するベクターを含む得られたバチルス株を、CYS培地(10g/lバクト−カシトン;3g/l酵母エキス;6g/l KH2PO4;14g/l K2HPO4;0.5mM MgSO4;0.05mM MnCl2;0.05mM FeSO4)などの標準的な成長培地上で、顕微鏡的試験によって胞子形成が明かになるまで培養した。試料を調製し、バイオアッセイにおいて活性について試験した。
本発明の1つの態様においては、合成毒素配列を生成した。これら合成配列は、親毒素配列に関連した変化したDNA配列を有し、及び対応する親毒素タンパク質と同一線上のタンパク質をコードするが、多くのデルタエンドトキシンタンパク質に存在するC末端「クリスタルドメイン」を欠いた。本明細書において開示された新規の毒素に対応する合成配列を表14に示す。
遺伝子発現及び精製
Axmi156の毒素ドメインをコードするDNA領域を、E. coli発現ベクターpMAL−C4xに、マルトース結合タンパク質(MBP)をコードしているmalE遺伝子の後ろで、別個にクローニングした。これらのインフレーム融合は、E.coliでのMBP−Axmi融合タンパク質の発現を生じた。E.coliにおける発現のためには、BL21*DE3を個々のプラスミドを用いて形質転換した。単一のコロニーを、カルベニシリン及びグルコースを含むLB中に播種し、そして一晩37℃で生育させた。翌日、1%の一晩培養に新しい培地を加え、そして37℃で対数期まで生育させた。その後培養を、0.3mM IPTG、20℃で一晩誘導した。それぞれの細胞ペレットを、200mM NaCl、1mM DTT、プロテアーゼインヒビターを含む20mM Tris−Cl緩衝液、pH7.4に懸濁し、そして超音波破砕した。SDS−PAGEによる解析により、融合タンパク質の発現を確認した。
分解したタンパク質を、適当な対照を用いた昆虫アッセイにおいて試験した。5日目のプレートの測定は、因子Xa及びトリプシンを用いて分解した融合タンパク質がコナガ及びサウスウエスタンコーンボーラ―(Southwestern cornborer)害虫に対する殺虫活性を有したことを示した。
植物害虫種を制御するAxmi−171の能力を試験するために、目的のタンパク質と高発現で、高可溶性タンパク質との間のN末端融合を創造することにより、高レベルの可溶性タンパク質を得るように設計したベクター中に、オープンリーディングフレームをクローニングした。Axmi−171を、2つの異なる構築物として発現ベクターpMal−C4x(New England Biolabs)中にクローニングした。第一の構築物(amxi−171.1、配列番号205をコードする配列番号204に対応する)は高レベルの発現を生じず、その後追求しなかった。内部のメチオニン開始コドンを構成するオープンリーディングフレームの発現は(配列番号69をコードする配列番号20に対応する)、より短いオープンリーディングフレームをマルトース結合タンパク質にインフレームで融合させた、pAX5557と命名した構築物を生じた。構築物のヌクレオチド配列を配列番号206に示し、及びコードされる融合タンパク質を配列番号207に示す。この構築物を用いて、Axmi171.2の発現を製造業者の説明の通りに誘導し、そして、当該分野において公知の通りに、融合タンパク質を精製した。
Axmi171の害虫を制御する能力をさらに試験するために、分解したpmal−Axmi−171.2タンパク質をダイズアブラムシ(エイフィス・グリシンズ)における多重容器形式のバイオアッセイで試験した。再懸濁したAxmi171.2タンパク質(上述したように因子Xaを用いて分解した)、その後加熱(100℃で30分)した再懸濁171.2タンパク質、又は水対照のいずれかを含む多重容器を準備した。複数の動物をそれぞれの容器中の試料に曝露し、そして、それぞれの容器における100%死亡率を伴う容器の数を、アッセイの終わりに記録した。容器のどれもが100%死亡率を示さなかった場合に、その試料のスコアを0として記録した。容器の0〜25%が100%死亡率を示した場合に、その試料のスコアを「1」として記録し、容器の25〜50%が100%死亡率を示した場合に、その試料のスコアを「2」として記録し、容器の50〜75%が100%死亡率を示した場合に、その試料のスコアを「3」として記録し、そして、容器の100%が100%死亡率を示した場合に、その試料のスコアを「4」として記録した。水のみ対照、並びに試料に加える前に加熱した試料と比較して、この害虫に対する活性が観察された。
害虫への農薬として作用する殺虫性タンパク質の能力は、しばしば数多くの方法において評価される。当該分野において公知の1つの方法は、摂食アッセイの実施である。この摂食アッセイにおいては、害虫を、試験する化合物又は対照試料のいずれかを含む試料に曝露する。しばしばこれは、試験する材料又はそれら材料の好適な希釈物を、人工飼料などの、害虫が摂取するであろう材料上に置くことにより、行われる。試験する材料は、液体、固体、又はスラリーであってもよい。試験する材料を、表面に置き、その後乾燥させてもよい。あるいは、試験する材料を、溶解した飼料に混合し、その後アッセイチャンバー中に入れてもよい。アッセイチャンバーは例えば、カップ、皿、マイクロタイタープレートのウェルであってもよい。
本発明の遺伝子のそれぞれのコード領域を、植物において発現させるために、それぞれ独立して適したプロモーター及びターミネーター配列と結合させた。それらの配列は、当該分野において周知であり、そして、単子葉における発現のためのイネアクチンプロモーター又はトウモロコシユビキチンプロモーター、双子葉における発現のためのシロイヌナズナ(Arabidopsis)UBQ3プロモーター又はCaMV35Sプロモータ、及びnos又はPinIIターミネーターを含んでいてもよい。プロモーター-遺伝子-ターミネーター構築物を生産し、確認する技術もまた、当該分野において周知である。
受粉後8〜12日目に穂を回収した。さやから胚を単離し、0.8〜1.5mmの大きさのそれら胚を形質転換に用いた。胚盤を上にして好適なインキュベーション培地上に置き、暗所、25℃で一晩インキュベーションした。しかしながら、胚を一晩インキュベーションすること自体は必要ではなかった。Tiプラスミドを介した移行のための適したベクターを含むAgrobacterium株に、胚を5〜10分間接触させ、その後、共存培養培地上に3日間プレーティングした(25℃、暗所)。共存培養後、外稙片を5日間、回復期間用培地に移した(25℃、暗所)。用いる特定の選抜の性質及び特徴に応じて、外植片を選択培地上で8週までインキュベーションした。選抜期間の後、得られたカルスを、成熟した不定胚の形成が観察されるまで胚成熟培地に移した。得られた成熟した不定胚をその後低光下に置き、当該分野において公知のように、再生過程を開始した。得られた茎を発根培地上で発根させ、得られた植物を苗木用の鉢に移して、トランスジェニック植物として増殖させた。
受粉後8〜12日目に、トウモロコシの穂を回収した。穂から胚を単離し、0.8〜1.5mmの大きさのそれら胚を形質転換に用いた。胚盤を上にして、DN62A5S培地(3.98g/L N6塩;1mL/L(1000xStockの)N6ビタミン;800mg/L L−アスパラギン;100mg/L ミオ‐イノシトール;1.4g/L L−プロリン;100mg/L カザミノ酸(Casamino acid);50g/L ショ糖;1mL/L(1mg/mLストックの)2,4−D)などの好適なインキュベーション培地上に置き、暗所、25℃で一晩インキュベーションした。
Claims (25)
- 殺虫活性を有するアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む組換え核酸分子であって、ここで前記ヌクレオチド配列が、
a)配列番号5に示されたヌクレオチド配列;及び
b)配列番号54のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列、
からなる群より選択される、組換え核酸分子。 - 前記ヌクレオチド配列がC末端クリスタルドメインを欠く、請求項1に記載の組換え核酸分子。
- 前記配列が配列番号131〜134、197及び198のいずれかに示される配列である、請求項2に記載の組換え核酸分子。
- 前記ヌクレオチド配列が、前記ヌクレオチド配列を植物細胞中で発現させることができるプロモーターに作動可能に連結される、請求項1に記載の組換え核酸分子。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子を含むベクター。
- 異種ポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子をさらに含む、請求項5に記載のベクター。
- 請求項5に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 細菌性宿主細胞である、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞。
- 植物細胞である、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項9に記載の宿主細胞を含むトランスジェニック植物。
- 前記植物が、トウモロコシ、ソルガム、コムギ、キャベツ、ヒマワリ、トマト、アブラナ、コショウ、ジャガイモ、ワタ、イネ、ダイズ、テンサイ、サトウキビ、タバコ、オオムギ、及びナタネからなる群より選択される、請求項10に記載のトランスジェニック植物。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子を含むトランスジェニック種子。
- 殺虫活性を有する組換えポリペプチドであって、
a)配列番号54のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチド;及び
b)配列番号5によりコードされるポリペプチド、
からなる群より選択される、組換えポリペプチド。 - 請求項13に記載の組換えポリペプチドを含む組成物。
- 前記組成物が、粉末、塵埃、錠剤、顆粒、スプレー、乳濁液、コロイド、及び溶液からなる群より選択される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、乾燥、凍結乾燥、均質化、抽出、ろ過、遠心分離、沈降、又は細菌細胞培養の濃縮、により調製される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 重量にして約1%〜約99%までの前記ポリペプチドを含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 鱗翅目、鞘翅目、異翅類、線虫、又は双翅目の害虫集団を、殺虫的効果量の請求項13に記載のポリペプチドに接触させる工程を含む、前記集団の制御方法。
- 鱗翅目、鞘翅目、異翅類、線虫、又は双翅目害虫を、殺虫的効果量の請求項13に記載のポリペプチドに接触させる、又は前記害虫に前記ポリペプチドを摂食させる工程を含む、前記害虫の殺虫方法。
- 殺虫活性を有するポリペプチドの生産方法であって、該ポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子が発現する条件下において請求項7に記載の宿主細胞を培養する工程を含む、生産方法。
- 殺虫活性を有するタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含むDNA構築物がそのゲノム中に安定して組み入れられた植物であって、前記ヌクレオチド配列が、
a)配列番号5に示されたヌクレオチド配列;及び
b)配列番号54のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列、
からなる群より選択され、
ここで前記ヌクレオチド配列が、植物細胞中でコード配列の発現を駆動するプロモーターに作動可能に連結される、植物。 - 前記植物が植物細胞である、請求項21に記載の植物。
- 殺虫性ポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列を、植物又はその細胞中で発現させる工程を含む、害虫から植物を保護する方法であって、前記ヌクレオチド配列が、
a)配列番号5に示されたヌクレオチド配列;及び
b)配列番号54のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列、
からなる群より選択される、方法。 - 前記植物が、鱗翅目、鞘翅目、異翅類、線虫、又は双翅目の害虫に対する殺虫活性を有する殺虫性ポリペプチドを生産する、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 殺虫活性を有するタンパク質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含むDNA構築物がそのゲノム中に安定して組み入れられた植物又はその種子を、用地において生育させる工程を含む、植物生産量を増加させる方法であって、前記ヌクレオチド配列が、
a)配列番号5に示されたヌクレオチド配列;及び
b)配列番号54のアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプドチをコードするヌクレオチド配列、
からなる群より選択され、
前記用地が、前記ポリペプチドが殺虫活性を有する害虫に感染している、方法。
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EA026111B1 (ru) | 2017-03-31 |
US20100298207A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
BRPI1008740A2 (pt) | 2015-09-01 |
US20150247164A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
AU2010217915B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
CN102421905B (zh) | 2018-01-23 |
US8318900B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
CA2753491A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
EP2957638B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
US20200102573A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
US10280434B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
BRPI1008740A8 (pt) | 2022-07-05 |
JP2012519000A (ja) | 2012-08-23 |
EA201170980A1 (ru) | 2012-03-30 |
WO2010099365A3 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
EP2401380B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
CA2753491C (en) | 2020-07-28 |
AR075634A1 (es) | 2011-04-20 |
AR114076A2 (es) | 2020-07-15 |
US10927387B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
CN102421905A (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
MX2011008955A (es) | 2011-09-30 |
EP2401380A2 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
JP6132364B2 (ja) | 2017-05-24 |
CA3081727A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
WO2010099365A2 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
AU2010217915A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
EP2957638A1 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
JP2015156870A (ja) | 2015-09-03 |
US20130055469A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
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