JP5725685B2 - 燃料電池用高分子電解質膜、それを含む膜電極接合体及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池用高分子電解質膜、それを含む膜電極接合体及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 105
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 102
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 58
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 8
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
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- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001724 microfibril Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Description
[反応式1]
アノード電極:H2→2H++2e−
カソード電極:1/2O2+2H++2e−→H2O
全体反応式:H2+1/2O2→H2O
燃料と酸化剤との電気化学的反応を通じて電気を生成させる一つ以上の電気発生部と;
燃料を前記電気発生部に供給する燃料供給部と;
酸化剤を前記電気発生部に供給する酸化剤供給部と;
を含む燃料電池を提供する。
エチルセルロース粉末(Dow社、ETHOCELTM、エチル基48〜49.5%置換)をDMSOに分散させた後、溶液状態でマイクロフルイダイザーを用いて複数回処理してセルロースを分解することによって、ナノファイバーを製造した。製造されたエチルセルロースナノファイバーの直径は10〜100nmの範囲であり、長さは1〜10μmの範囲であった。このとき、マイクロフルイダイザー処理前後のエチルセルロースの形状を、図5A及び図5Bにそれぞれ示した。
セルロースナノファイバーとフッ素系高分子の重量比が、固体重量対比3:97であること以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質膜、膜電極接合体及び燃料電池を作製した。
セルロースナノファイバーの材料として、エチルセルロースの代わりに、セルロースアセテート(Aldrich社、アセチル基約40%置換)を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質膜、膜電極接合体及び燃料電池を作製した。
セルロースナノファイバーの材料として、エチルセルロースの代わりに、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース(Aldrich社、ヒドロキシエチル基約42%置換)を使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質膜、膜電極接合体及び燃料電池を作製した。
セルロースナノファイバーを使用していないこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質膜、膜電極接合体及び燃料電池を作製した。
セルロースナノファイバーの代わりに、マイクロフルイダイザー処理前のエチルセルロースを使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質膜、膜電極接合体及び燃料電池を作製した。
上記実施例1乃至4、及び比較例1及び2でそれぞれ作製された燃料電池を、100%RH状態でセル性能を測定して、その結果を図6及び図7に示した。このとき、測定温度は70℃であった。
上記実施例1乃至4、及び比較例1及び2でそれぞれ製造された膜電極接合体を、一般的な単位電池装置に適用した後、80℃で、単位電池の両側のガス注入口にRH150%とRH0%の窒素を2分間隔にスイッチングしながら供給して、加湿−無加湿サイクル実験を行った。実験中に周期的に水素(H2)クロスオーバーを測定して、急激に増加した場合、実験を中断した。上記の実験結果を、図8及び図9にグラフで示した。
Claims (12)
- 水素イオン伝導性を有するフッ素系陽イオン交換樹脂と、親水性基を有する繊維状ナノ粒子とを含み、
前記親水性基を有する繊維状ナノ粒子は、マイクロフルイダイザーを用いて製造されたセルロース系ナノファイバーであり、該親水性基を有する繊維状ナノ粒子の直径は1乃至200nmであり、長さは1乃至20μmであり、
前記親水性基は、ヒドロキシル基(−OH)であり、前記セルロース系ナノファイバー内に、全体ヒドロキシル基(−OH)サイト対比5乃至90%の範囲で前記ヒドロキシル基が存在する、
ことを特徴とする、燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。 - 前記水素イオン伝導性を有するフッ素系陽イオン交換樹脂と親水性基を有する繊維状ナノ粒子との混合比率は、重量比で99.9:0.1乃至95:5の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記親水性基を有する繊維状ナノ粒子の直径は10乃至200nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記親水性基を有する繊維状ナノ粒子の縦横比(aspect ratio)は、1:5乃至1:2,000の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記セルロース系ナノファイバーは、ヒドロキシ基が置換されていないセルロースナノファイバーと、アセチル基またはその誘導体で置換されたセルロースナノファイバーと、硫酸セルロースナノファイバーと、リン酸セルロースナノファイバーと、C1−C10アルキル基またはその誘導体で置換されたセルロースナノファイバーとからなる群より選択された1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記セルロース系ナノファイバーは、ヒドロキシ基が置換されていないセルロースナノファイバーと、アセチル基またはその誘導体で置換されたセルロースナノファイバーと、硫酸セルロースナノファイバーと、リン酸セルロースナノファイバーと、C2−C6アルキル基またはその誘導体で置換されたセルロースナノファイバーとからなる群より選択された1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記水素イオン伝導性を有するフッ素系陽イオン交換樹脂は、側鎖にスルホン酸基、カルボン酸基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基及びこれらの誘導体からなる群より選択される一つ以上の陽イオン交換基を有する高分子であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記水素イオン伝導性を有するフッ素系陽イオン交換樹脂は、パーフルオロスルホン酸樹脂であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記水素イオン伝導性を有するフッ素系陽イオン交換樹脂を、水素イオン伝導性を有する陽イオン交換樹脂の全体重量を基準として、30乃至99重量%の範囲で含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記燃料電池用高分子電解質膜を挟んで対向して積層された2つ以上の水素イオン伝導性を有する陽イオン交換樹脂膜をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 請求項1ないし10のいずれかに係る燃料電池用高分子電解質膜が、互いに対向して位置するアノード電極とカソード電極との間に位置することを特徴とする、燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
- 請求項11に係る燃料電池用膜電極接合体及び一つ以上の分離板を含み、燃料と酸化剤との電気化学的反応を通じて電気を生成させる一つ以上の電気発生部と、
燃料を前記電気発生部に供給する燃料供給部と、
酸化剤を前記電気発生部に供給する酸化剤供給部とを含むことを特徴とする、燃料電池。
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