JP5717652B2 - 光子計数シリコン検出器 - Google Patents
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 54
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
- G01T1/242—Stacked detectors, e.g. for depth information
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
- G01T1/243—Modular detectors, e.g. arrays formed from self contained units
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
- G01T1/249—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors specially adapted for use in SPECT or PET
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
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Description
米国特許第7471765号、「Cone Beam Computed Tomography With A Flat Panel Imager」(放射線治療)
米国特許第4785186号、「Amorphous Silicon Ionizing Particle Detector」(Xerox)
Borje Norlin、「Characterisation and application of photon counting X−ray detector systems」、Mid Sweden University博士論文26、ISSN1652−893X、ISBN978−91−85317−55−4、Electronics Design Division、in the Department of Information Technology and Media Mid Sweden University、SE−851 70 Sundaval、Sweden
M.G.Bisogni、A.Del Guerra、N.Lanconelli、A.Lauria、G.Mettivier、M.C.Montesi、D.Panetta、R.Pani、M.G.Quattrocchi、P.Randaccio、V.RossoおよびP.Russo、「Experimental study of beam hardening artifacts in photon counting breast computed tomography」、Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment、第581巻、1〜2号、2007年10月21日、94〜98頁
V.Rosso、N.Belcari、M.G.Bisogni、C.Carpentieri、A.Del Guerra、P.Delogu、G.Mettivier、M.C.Montesi、D.Panetta、M.Quattrocchi、P.RussoおよびA.Stefanini、「Preliminary study of the advantages of X−ray energy selection in CT imaging」、Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment、第572巻、1号、2007年3月1日、270〜273頁
M.Danielsson、H.Bornefalk、B.Cederstrom、V.Chmill、B.Hasegawa、M.Lundqvist、D.NygrenおよびT.Tabar、「Dose−efficient system for digital mammography」、Proc.SPIE、Physics of Medical Imaging、第3977巻、239〜249頁、サンディエゴ、2000年
R.Nowotny、「Application Of Si−Microstrip−Detectors In Medicine And Structural Analysis」、Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research226(1984)34−39
Shoichi Yoshida、Takahashi Ohsugi、「Application of Silicon strip detectors to X−ray computed tomography」、Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 541(2005)412−420
米国特許第5889313号、Sherwood Parker、「Three dimensional architecture for solid state radiation detectors」、1999年
米国特許第4937453号、Robert Nelson、「X−ray detector for radiographic imaging」(横向き)
米国特許第5434417号、David Nygren、「High resolution energy−sensitive digital X−ray」
米国特許出願公開第2004/0251419号、Robert Nelson
Claims (17)
- 物体のX線撮像用の光子計数シリコン検出器であって、
前記検出器は、全検出器領域を形成するように互いに配列された複数の半導体検出器モジュールに基づいており、
各半導体検出器モジュールは、40keVと250keVの間の入射X線エネルギーに関して光電効果およびコンプトン散乱を介してX線センサ中で相互作用するX線を登録するための集積回路に接続され、且つ入ってくるX線に対して横向きに向けられた結晶シリコンの前記X線センサを備えて、これらの相互作用から前記物体の画像を可能にする空間およびエネルギー情報を供給するものであり、
散乱防止モジュールが、コンプトン散乱X線を少なくとも部分的に吸収するように前記半導体検出器モジュールに折り込まれ、
前記半導体検出器モジュールが、複数の層をなして配列され、前記層の数が2以上であり、
前記複数の層が、入ってくるX線の方向に層状に重ねられたシリコン検出器を得るように配列され、
前記複数の層の1つの前記検出器モジュールが、前記複数の層の別の1つの前記検出器モジュールに対して互い違いに配置された光子計数シリコン検出器。 - 前記散乱防止モジュールが、前記物体からのコンプトン散乱X線を少なくとも部分的に吸収し、さらに半導体検出器モジュール中のコンプトン散乱X線が他の半導体検出器モジュールに達するのを少なくとも部分的に防ぐように前記半導体検出器モジュールに折り込まれている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記散乱防止モジュールの各々が、半導体検出器中のコンプトン散乱X線の大部分が、隣接する検出器モジュールに達するのを防ぐために、タングステンから作られたフォイルを含む、請求項1または2に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記集積回路は、各X線のエネルギーが、対応するX線センサ中で放出されたエネルギーと前記X線の相互作用の深さとの組み合わされた情報に基づいて推定されることを可能にするように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記半導体検出器モジュールの各々が、多チップ・モジュール(MCM)として具体化され、前記集積回路が、少なくとも2つの集積回路を備え、前記複数の集積回路が、フリップ・チップで取り付けられ、
前記複数の集積回路が、エネルギーの異なる各X線から生成された電荷を処理して前記電荷をディジタル・データに変換するように構成され、さらに前記集積回路が、前記物体の前記画像を復元するための画像処理回路に接続するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。 - 前記X線センサは、X線が前記X線センサの端を通って入ることを想定して深さ方向に対して直角な方向で複数のピクセルに分割されている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記半導体検出器モジュールが少なくとも2つの深さセグメントに細分されている、請求項1または6に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記深さセグメントの長さは、指数関数的に変化して、深さと共に指数関数的に減少する検出率がほぼ一様に保たれる、請求項7に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記深さセグメントの各々が、各X線相互作用のエネルギー放出を測定する手段に接続されている、請求項7に記載のシリコン検出器。
- データ処理回路が、前記集積回路で測定されるようなエネルギーをどの深さセグメントで相互作用が起こったかの知識と組み合わせることに基づいて、任意の入射X線についてエネルギー推定値を計算するように構成されている、請求項7に記載のシリコン検出器。
- データ処理回路が、全体的なピクセル・データを求めるためにいくつかの深さセグメントの事象を一緒に加算するように構成されている、請求項7に記載のシリコン検出器。
- データ処理回路は、任意のX線エネルギーに関して、上部および下部セグメントの計数率を予想される比と比較し、その結果を使用して位置合せ誤差を補正するように構成されている、請求項7に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記複数の層の1つの前記検出器モジュールは、入ってくるX線に対して実質的に直角な方向に、配列されている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記半導体検出器モジュールは、機械的フレーム中に配列され、センサを含む各半導体検出器モジュールが、元の意図されたX線源の方に向くように配列され、さらに、精密位置合せ特徴が、各半導体検出器モジュールを保持し正確に位置付けするように半導体検出器モジュールごとに前記機械的フレームに設けられ、
前記半導体検出器モジュールが、対応する保持特徴によって、精密位置合せ特徴に関係して固定されている、請求項13に記載のシリコン検出器。 - 前記散乱防止モジュールが、前記シリコン検出器中で散乱されるX線から前記集積回路をシールドするように、前記半導体検出器モジュールに折り込まれている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記半導体検出器モジュールは、入射X線に対して直角な両方向に検出器モジュールをタイル張りするように配列されている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。
- 前記シリコン検出器は、前記物体に対して走査するように構成され、さらに前記半導体検出器モジュールは、前記シリコン検出器の走査方向に対して直角な方向に、配列されている、請求項1に記載のシリコン検出器。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15163709P | 2009-02-11 | 2009-02-11 | |
US61/151,637 | 2009-02-11 | ||
US12/488,930 | 2009-06-22 | ||
US12/488,930 US8183535B2 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2009-06-22 | Silicon detector assembly for X-ray imaging |
PCT/SE2010/050106 WO2010093314A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2010-02-01 | Silicon detector assembly for x-ray imaging |
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JP2012517604A JP2012517604A (ja) | 2012-08-02 |
JP5717652B2 true JP5717652B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
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US (1) | US8183535B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5717652B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101716911B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102224434B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112010000797B4 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2480561B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010093314A1 (ja) |
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US10067239B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2018-09-04 | Minnesota Imaging And Engineering Llc | Detector systems for radiation imaging |
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KR101378757B1 (ko) | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-27 | 한국원자력연구원 | 물질 원소 정보 획득 및 영상 차원의 선택이 가능한 방사선 영상화 장치 |
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US9488739B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-11-08 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Spectral imaging system and method |
WO2016093140A1 (ja) | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-16 | 雫石 誠 | 撮像装置 |
JP5970641B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-08-17 | 雫石 誠 | 撮像装置 |
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