JP5600711B2 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5600711B2 JP5600711B2 JP2012187262A JP2012187262A JP5600711B2 JP 5600711 B2 JP5600711 B2 JP 5600711B2 JP 2012187262 A JP2012187262 A JP 2012187262A JP 2012187262 A JP2012187262 A JP 2012187262A JP 5600711 B2 JP5600711 B2 JP 5600711B2
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- alumina
- mass
- sintered body
- based sintered
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 104
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 60
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 23
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 17
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
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Description
(1) Al成分を酸化物換算で89質量%以上、Ti成分を酸化物換算で0質量%を超え0.2質量%以下の割合で含有する絶縁体を備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、アルミナ結晶の結晶間に存在する粒界相に、La成分、Nd成分、Pr成分、Y成分、Er成分、Yb成分、及びLu成分から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有する第1結晶相と、IUPAC1990年勧告に基づく周期表の第2族元素の成分の少なくとも一種、Al成分、及びSi成分の各成分を含有する第2結晶相とを含むアルミナ基焼結体からなることを特徴とするスパークプラグである。
前記(1)の好ましい態様は、
(2)前記絶縁体の断面をX線回折分析したときに、前記アルミナ結晶の回折ピークの最大高さaと、前記第1結晶相の回折ピークの最大高さbと、前記第2結晶相の回折ピークの最大高さcとが、以下の関係式(a)を満たす。
0.025≦(b+c)/a≦0.12・・・・・(a)
(3)前記(1)又は(2)に記載のスパークプラグにおいて、前記第1結晶相が、MgRE1Al11O19、RE1Al11O18、RE2 2Si2O7、RE2AlO3、及び/又はRE2 3Al5O12(ただし、RE1はLa、Nd及びPrから選ばれる少なくとも一種を示し、RE2はY、Er、Yb、及びLuから選ばれる少なくとも一種を示す。)であり、前記第2結晶相がCaAl2Si2O8である。
(4)前記(1)〜(3)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグにおいて、前記絶縁体は、Na成分とK成分とを含有しないか、又は酸化物換算で合計0.2質量%以下の割合で含有する。
0.025≦(b+c)/a≦0.12・・・・・(a)
アルミナ基焼結体が前記関係式(a)を満たすと、高温下における耐電圧特性により一層優れ、酸性雰囲気及び塩基性雰囲気に対する耐性がより一層優れたスパークプラグを提供することができる。
(アルミナ基焼結体の製造)
原料粉末として、平均粒径が0.2〜2.1μmのアルミナ(Al2O3)粉末とTi化合物粉末としてTiの酸化物とSi化合物粉末としてSiO2粉末と第2族元素化合物粉末として、Ca、Mg、Sr、又はBaの炭酸塩とRE元素化合物粉末として表1に示すRE元素を含有する化合物の粉末と、バインダーとしてポリビニルアルコールと、溶媒として水とを混合してスラリーを調製した。
得られたアルミナ基焼結体それぞれの組成すなわち各成分の含有率を、Ti以外の成分については蛍光X線分析法により、Ti成分についてはICP分析法を用いた定量分析によって、検出された各成分の酸化物換算質量の合計を100質量%としたときの質量割合(%)として算出した。その結果、表1に示される各成分の調合比率と分析した各成分の含有率は前記原料粉末における混合割合とほぼ一致していた。
各アルミナ基焼結体の断面に研磨処理を施した後に、株式会社リガク製のX線回折装置(型式:MiniFlex)を用いて、X線:CuKα(λ1.54Å)、スキャンスピード:4°/min、サンプリング幅:0.020°、発散スリット幅:1mmの測定条件で、前記断面のX線回折分析をした。得られたX線回折図形をJCPDSカードと比較等して、各アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相に、表1に示す、前記第1結晶相、前記第2結晶相及びその他の結晶相が存在していることを確認した。
各アルミナ基焼結体について、図2に示される耐電圧測定装置20を用いて、700℃における耐電圧値を測定した。この耐電圧測定装置20は、図2に示されるように、加熱用ボックス22内において、円板状のアルミナ基焼結体21の軸線X方向から、アルミナ基焼結体21を、電極23a及び電極23bを囲繞するようにアルミナ製碍筒24a及び24bで、前記軸線X方向に挟持する。さらに、アルミナ基焼結体21の表裏面とアルミナ製碍筒24a及び24bとの接触部を碍筒24a及び24bの全周にわたってSiO2系の封着ガラス25により固定する。なお、前記電極23a及び電極23bにおいて、アルミナ基焼結体21に接する先端部は、先端部に向かって徐々に径が縮小し半球状になっている。また、電極23a及び23bはそれぞれ、加熱用ボックス22との間で放電が発生するのを防止するために、その外周面がアルミナ製碍筒28a及び28bで覆われている。この耐電圧測定装置20を用いて、電熱ヒータ26で700℃に調整された加熱用ボックス22内で、数十kV程度の高電圧をアルミナ基焼結体21に印加することのできる高電圧発生装置27でアルミナ基焼結体21に一定の高電圧を印加して、アルミナ基焼結体21に絶縁破壊が発生したときの電圧値を、貫通が発生した位置のアルミナ基焼結体の厚みで割った値をアルミナ基焼結体21の「耐電圧値」として測定した。700℃での「耐電圧値」を表2に示す。
前述したアルミナ基焼結体の製造と基本的に同様にして、厚さ3mm、幅4mm、全長40〜45mmの試験片を作製し、JIS R 1614「ファインセラミックスの酸及びアルカリ腐食試験方法」に準じて、アルミナ基焼結体の腐食試験を行い、腐食試験前後のアルミナ基焼結体の機械的強度の低下率により耐酸性及び耐塩基性の程度を評価した。腐食試験のうち耐酸性試験では、6Nの濃度の硫酸溶液に試験片を浸漬し、24時間沸騰試験を行った。腐食試験のうち耐塩基性試験では、6Nの濃度の水酸化ナトリウム溶液に試験片を浸漬し、24時間沸騰試験を行った。腐食試験後の試験片は洗浄及び乾燥して、JIS R 1601に準じて、試験片の曲げ強さS2を測定した。腐食試験前の試験片の曲げ強さS1についても同様にして測定し、曲げ強さS2と曲げ強さS1とから強度低下率((S1-S2)/S1×100)(%)を算出した。これらの結果を表2に示す。
前述のようにしてアルミナ基焼結体について、耐電圧試験、耐酸性試験、及び耐塩基性試験を行い、耐電圧試験については、60kV/mm以上を「◎」、50kV/mm以上60kV/mm未満を「○」、50kV/mm未満を「×」、耐酸性試験については、40%以下を「◎」、40%を超え49%以下を「○」、49%を超えた場合を「×」、耐塩基性試験については、30%以下を「◎」、30%を超え33%以下を「○」、33%を超えた場合を「×」として評価した。総合評価については、3つの試験のうちの少なくとも一つが「×」の場合を「×」、3つの試験結果が全て「○」の場合を「○」、3つの試験結果が全て「○」より良く、少なくとも一つが「◎」の場合を「◎」として評価した。
前述したアルミナ基焼結体と同様にして略円筒形状のアルミナ基焼結体からなる絶縁体を作製し、これを用いて、前述のようにしてスパークプラグを製造した。製造した各スパークプラグは、高温下での耐電圧特性に優れ、酸性雰囲気及び塩基性雰囲気に対する耐性を有していた。
2 中心電極
3 絶縁体
4 主体金具
5 貴金属チップ
6 接地電極
9 ネジ部
10 軸孔
G 火花放電間隙
Claims (4)
- Al成分を酸化物換算で89質量%以上、Ti成分を酸化物換算で0質量%を超え0.2質量%以下の割合で含有する絶縁体を備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、アルミナ結晶の結晶間に存在する粒界相に、La成分、Nd成分、Pr成分、Y成分、Er成分、Yb成分、及びLu成分から選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有する第1結晶相と、IUPAC1990年勧告に基づく周期表の第2族元素の成分の少なくとも一種、Al成分、及びSi成分の各成分を含有する第2結晶相とを含むアルミナ基焼結体からなることを特徴とするスパークプラグ。 - 前記絶縁体の断面をX線回折分析したときに、前記アルミナ結晶の回折ピークの最大高さaと、前記第1結晶相の回折ピークの最大高さbと、前記第2結晶相の回折ピークの最大高さcとが、以下の関係式(a)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のスパークプラグ。
0.025≦(b+c)/a≦0.12・・・・・(a) - 前記第1結晶相が、MgRE1Al11O19、RE1Al11O18、RE2 2Si2O7、RE2AlO3、及び/又はRE2 3Al5O12(ただし、RE1はLa、Nd及びPrから選ばれる少なくとも一種を示し、RE2はY、Er、Yb、及びLuから選ばれる少なくとも一種を示す。)であり、前記第2結晶相がCaAl2Si2O8であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記絶縁体は、Na成分とK成分とを含有しないか、又は酸化物換算で合計0.2質量%以下の割合で含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。
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