JP6623194B2 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6623194B2 JP6623194B2 JP2017125612A JP2017125612A JP6623194B2 JP 6623194 B2 JP6623194 B2 JP 6623194B2 JP 2017125612 A JP2017125612 A JP 2017125612A JP 2017125612 A JP2017125612 A JP 2017125612A JP 6623194 B2 JP6623194 B2 JP 6623194B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- insulator
- detected
- spark plug
- samples
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910015999 BaAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002524 electron diffraction data Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 48
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002794 Si K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- C04B35/117—Composites
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
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- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/58—Testing
- H01T13/60—Testing of electrical properties
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- C04B2235/3215—Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6022—Injection moulding
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Description
原料粉末として、平均粒径が0.2〜2.1μmのアルミナ粉末、SiO2粉末、及び、Ba,Ca,Mg,Laの炭酸塩粉末を準備した。これらの粉末を種々の割合で混合した原料粉末と、バインダーとしてのポリビニルアルコールと、溶媒としての水とを混合して種々のスラリーを調製した。
サンプル1〜12における焼結体の組成、即ち各成分の含有率を、ICP発光分光分析により検出した。検出された各成分の酸化物換算の質量の合計を100wt%としたときの質量割合(%)として、各成分の含有率を算出した。
サンプル1〜23,27〜29における焼結体について、STEM−EDS(日立製作所製HD−2000)を用いて組成に関する情報を得た。加速電圧は200kV、電子線のプローブ径は1.0nmとし、EDSによる元素分析、元素マッピング、電子線回折を50,000倍の倍率で行った。
サンプル1〜29における焼結体(絶縁体11)について、軸線O(図1参照)を含む断面を鏡面研磨した後、熱エッチング処理を行った。熱エッチング処理の代わりに化学エッチング処理を行っても良い。SEMを用いて、エッチング処理を行った断面を観察した。SEMの加速電圧は15kV、作動距離は10〜12mmとした。1視野の大きさを200μm×200μmとする矩形領域のSEM画像を、無作為に10視野撮影した。
図6に示す耐電圧試験装置30を用いて、サンプル1〜20,24〜26における有底筒状の試料41(アルミナ基焼結体)の800℃における高温耐電圧試験を行った。図6は耐電圧試験装置30の断面図である。
JIS R1601:2008年に基づいて、室温(5〜35℃)における3点曲げ強さを測定した。
サンプル21〜23における焼結体(絶縁体11)について、形状測定レーザマイクロスコープVK−X110/X100(キーエンス社製)を用いて、絶縁体11の先端部の軸線O方向における算術平均粗さを測定した。
サンプル21〜23における焼結体(絶縁体11)について、材料試験機を用いて、周方向における異なる3方向から絶縁体11(図1参照)の先端部に対して軸線Oと直交する向きの荷重を加え、絶縁体11に破壊が生じたときの荷重(破壊荷重)を測定した。
サンプル24〜26における焼結体に研磨処理を施した後、株式会社リガク製のX線回折装置(型式:Smart Lab)を用いて、X線:CuKα(λ1.54Å)、X線出力:40kV−30mA、スキャンスピード(計数時間):20.0、サンプリング幅:0.02deg、入射スリット:1/2deg、受光スリット(1):15.000mm、受光スリット(2):20.000mmの測定条件でX線回折分析をした。
11 絶縁体
21 結晶粒界
Claims (4)
- アルミナ基焼結体からなる絶縁体を備え、
前記絶縁体は、Si,Ba及び希土類元素を含有するスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、電子線のプローブ径が1nmの走査透過型電子顕微鏡を用いた分析において、厚さ15nm以下の結晶粒界にSi及び希土類元素が検出され、前記結晶粒界におけるアルカリ土類金属は検出限界未満であり、
Baが検出される部分の電子線回折図形に回折斑点が存在するスパークプラグ。 - 前記絶縁体は、平均粒径が0.3〜1.0μmである請求項1記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記絶縁体は、回折角および相対強度で特定されるX線回折図形において、BaAl 12 O19のピーク強度(II)に対するBaAl2Si2O8のピーク強度(I)の比率(I/II)が0.5以上である請求項1又は2に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記絶縁体は、表面の算術平均粗さが1μm以下である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のスパークプラグ。
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CN201810671359.XA CN109149376B (zh) | 2017-06-27 | 2018-06-26 | 火花塞 |
US16/018,949 US10348061B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2018-06-26 | Spark plug |
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JP2003007424A (ja) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-10 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | スパークプラグ |
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