JP5519104B2 - 発光素子 - Google Patents
発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5519104B2 JP5519104B2 JP2007308620A JP2007308620A JP5519104B2 JP 5519104 B2 JP5519104 B2 JP 5519104B2 JP 2007308620 A JP2007308620 A JP 2007308620A JP 2007308620 A JP2007308620 A JP 2007308620A JP 5519104 B2 JP5519104 B2 JP 5519104B2
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- light
- emitting element
- organic compound
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- organometallic complex
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 144
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 126
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 aromatic amine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 205
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 113
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 73
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 48
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis[(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]-(4-phenylphenoxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC=C([O-])C2=NC(C)=CC=C21.C1=CC([O-])=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UFVXQDWNSAGPHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 23
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000010893 electron trap Methods 0.000 description 17
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 17
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- LNJZJDLDXQQJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyrazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CN=CC=N1 LNJZJDLDXQQJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- MSZQCNIEXFAWKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diphenylpyrazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CN=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=N1 MSZQCNIEXFAWKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004180 3-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(F)=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical class CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 4
- IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-diphenyl-4-n,4-n-bis[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[3-[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2OC(=NN=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O1 FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(1-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-phenylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] Chemical compound [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carbazol-9-yl-n,n-bis(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(3-methylphenyl)-1-n,1-n-bis[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000837344 Homo sapiens T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102100028692 T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005274 electronic transitions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[O-2].[In+3] OYQCBJZGELKKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical group C1=NN=CO1 FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDFKKJYEIFBEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 QDFKKJYEIFBEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTZIVVDMBCVSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylpyrazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PTZIVVDMBCVSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C=12C=CC3=C(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=C(C)N=C3C2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 STTGYIUESPWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZJOTDOLRQTPHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)O1 IZJOTDOLRQTPHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1.OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1 GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QEPMORHSGFRDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3h-1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)OC2=CC=CC=C2N1.OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)OC2=CC=CC=C2N1 QEPMORHSGFRDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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Description
まず、本実施形態1では、本発明の発光素子の概念について説明する。なお、本明細書中においてHOMO準位又はLUMO準位が深いとは、そのエネルギーレベルが小さいことを意味し、HOMO準位又はLUMO準位が浅いとは、そのエネルギーレベルが大きいことを意味する。例えば、−2.54eVのLUMO準位を有する物質Aは、−2.28eVのLUMO準位を有する物質BよりLUMO準位が0.26eV深く、−2.85eVのLUMO準位を有する物質CよりLUMO準位が0.31eV浅いと言うことができる。
本実施形態2では、本発明の発光素子の構成について、具体的な材料を列挙しながら説明する。素子構成を図3に示す。
本実施形態3では、本発明の発光素子に用いることができるピラジン系有機金属錯体の構造について、具体的に例示する。
本実施形態4では、本発明の発光素子を有する発光装置の一例として、画像表示装置について説明する。
本発明の発光素子は発光効率が高く寿命が長いため、発光装置の一例である照明装置に用いることができる。そこで本実施形態5では、本発明の発光素子を有する照明装置の応用例を説明する。
実施形態4で示したような本発明の画像表示装置は、良好な画像を表示することができるため、本発明の画像表示装置を電子機器の表示部に適用することによって、優れた映像を提供できる電子機器を得ることができる。また、本発明の発光素子を含む画像表示装置や照明装置(すなわち発光装置)は消費電力が低く寿命が長い。したがって、本発明の発光装置を電子機器の表示部に適用することによって、消費電力の少ない電子機器を得ることができ、例えば、待受時間等の長い電話機等を得ることができる。以下に、本発明の発光素子を適用した発光装置を実装した電子機器の一実施例を示す。
まず、本実施例で用いる参照電極(Ag/Ag+電極)の真空準位に対するポテンシャルエネルギー(eV)を算出した。つまり、Ag/Ag+電極のフェルミ準位を算出した。メタノール中におけるフェロセンの酸化還元電位は、標準水素電極に対して+0.610[V vs. SHE]であることが知られている(参考文献;Christian R.Goldsmith et al., J.Am.Chem.Soc., Vol.124, No.1,83−96, 2002)。一方、本実施例で用いる参照電極を用いて、メタノール中におけるフェロセンの酸化還元電位を求めたところ、+0.20V[vs.Ag/Ag+]であった。したがって、本実施例で用いる参照電極のポテンシャルエネルギーは、標準水素電極に対して0.41[eV]低くなっていることがわかった。
まず、本測定例で、構造式(9)で表されるIr(tppr)2(acac)を例に、CV測定からのLUMO準位の算出について詳述する。還元反応特性のCV測定結果を図30に示す。なお、還元反応特性の測定は、参照電極に対する作用電極の電位を−0.34Vから−2.40Vまで走査した後、−2.40Vから−0.34Vまで走査した。
同様の手法にて、実施形態3で開示したピラジン系有機金属錯体のLUMO準位を測定した。また比較のため、[btpIr(acac)](下記構造式(I))やIr(ppy)2(acac)(下記構造式(II))のようなピリジン系有機金属錯体のLUMO準位も測定した。[btpIr(acac)]は、特許文献1でも用いられている有機金属錯体である。また参考として、赤色の燐光性化合物のホスト材料として広範に用いられている電子輸送性の化合物BAlq(下記構造式(III))に関し、そのLUMO準位も評価した。
まず、110nmの膜厚でインジウム錫珪素酸化物(ITSO)が成膜されたガラス基板を用意した。ITSO表面は、2mm角の大きさで表面が露出するよう周辺をポリイミド膜で覆った。なお、ITSOは発光素子の陽極として機能する第1の電極301である。この基板上に発光素子を形成するための前処理として、多孔質樹脂のブラシを用いて基板表面を洗浄し、200℃で1時間焼成した後、UVオゾン処理を370秒行った。
以上により得られた発光素子1、発光素子2、比較発光素子3、比較発光素子4を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
まず、ホール注入層311およびホール輸送層312は、実施例2の発光素子1と同様に形成した。さらにホール輸送層312上に、発光層313を30nm形成した。発光層313においては、第1の有機化合物としてNPBを、第2の有機化合物としてBAlqを、ピラジン系有機金属錯体として実施形態3の構造式(9)で表されるIr(tppr)2(acac)を用い、質量比がNPB:BAlq:Ir(tppr)2(acac)=0.1:1:0.06となるように共蒸着を行った。膜厚は50nmとした。
以上により得られた発光素子5を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
本発明の発光素子6は、発光層313におけるIr(tppr)2(acac)をIr(dppr)2(acac)(実施形態3の構造式(1))に換え、電子注入層315の膜厚を40nmとした以外は、実施例2の発光素子2と同様に作製した。また、比較発光素子7は、発光層313におけるIr(tppr)2(acac)をIr(dppr)2(acac)に換え、電子注入層315の膜厚を40nmとした以外は、実施例2の比較発光素子3と同様に作製した。また、比較発光素子8は、発光層313におけるIr(tppr)2(acac)をIr(dppr)2(acac)に換え、電子注入層315の膜厚を40nmとした以外は、実施例2の比較発光素子4と同様に作製した。つまり、発光素子6、比較発光素子7、比較発光素子8は、下記表4のように発光層313の構成は異なるが、他の層は同様にして作製された発光素子である。
以上により得られた発光素子6、比較発光素子7、比較発光素子8を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
本発明の発光素子9は、発光層313におけるBAlqを下記構造式(iV)で表されるCO11に換えた以外は、実施例2の発光素子2と同様に作製した。但し、比率をNPB:CO11:Ir(tppr)2(acac)=0.5:1:0.06(質量比)とした。また、比較発光素子10は、発光層313におけるBAlqをCO11に換えた以外は、実施例2の比較発光素子3と同様に作製した。CO11は、1,3,4−オキサジアゾール骨格を有する複素芳香族化合物である。
以上により得られた発光素子9、比較発光素子10を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
本発明の発光素子11は、発光層313におけるBAlqを下記構造式(V)で表されるCzQnに換えた以外は、実施例2の発光素子2と同様に作製した。但し、比率をNPB:CzQn:Ir(tppr)2(acac)=0.25:1:0.06(質量比)とした。また、比較発光素子12は、発光層313におけるBAlqをCzQnに換えた以外は、実施例2の比較発光素子3と同様に作製した。CzQnは、キノキサリン骨格を有する複素芳香族化合物である。
以上により得られた発光素子11、比較発光素子12を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
本発明の発光素子13は、発光層313におけるBAlqを下記構造式(Vi)で表されるDCzPQに換えた以外は、実施例2の発光素子2と同様に作製した。但し、比率をNPB:DCzPq:Ir(tppr)2(acac)=0.5:1:0.06(質量比)とした。また、比較発光素子14は、発光層313におけるBAlqをDCzPQに換えた以外は、実施例2の比較発光素子3と同様に作製した。DCzPQは、キノキサリン骨格を有する複素芳香族化合物である。
以上により得られた発光素子13、比較発光素子14を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
まず、ホール注入層311およびホール輸送層312は、実施例2の発光素子1と同様に形成した。さらにホール輸送層312上に、発光層313を形成した。本発明の発光素子15においては、第1の有機化合物としてNPBを、第2の有機化合物としてBAlqを、ピラジン系有機金属錯体として下記構造式(18)で表される(アセチルアセトナト)ビス[5−(3−フルオロフェニル)−2,3−ジフェニルピラジナト]イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(dppr−3FP)2(acac)])を用い、質量比がNPB:BAlq:Ir(dppr−3FP)2(acac)=0.05:1:0.06となるように共蒸着を行い、発光層313とした。膜厚は50nmとした。一方、比較発光素子16においては、NPBを用いず、BAlq:Ir(dppr−3FP)2(acac)=1:0.06となるように共蒸着を行い、発光層313とした。膜厚は50nmとした。なお、Ir(dppr−3FP)2(acac)は、実施の形態3で示した一般式(G6)で表される有機金属錯体に含まれる有機金属錯体である。
以上により得られた発光素子15、比較発光素子16を、窒素雰囲気のグローブボックス内において、発光素子が大気に曝されないように封止する作業を行った後、これらの発光素子の動作特性について測定を行った。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。
まず、窒素雰囲気にて、3−ブロモフルオロベンゼン1.49gと、テトラヒドロフラン11mLの混合溶液に、−78℃にてn−ブチルリチウムのヘキサン溶液(1.58mol/L)7.5mLを滴下した後、そのまま−78℃にて30分間撹拌した。得られた溶液を、2,3−ジフェニルピラジン2.45gと、テトラヒドロフラン20mLの混合溶液を氷冷したところへ滴下し、室温にて1週間撹拌した。この混合物に水を加え、酢酸エチルを抽出溶媒として有機層を抽出した。得られた有機層を水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムにて乾燥した。乾燥した後の溶液をろ過した。この溶液の溶媒を留去した後、留去により得られた残渣を、ジクロロメタンを展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより、目的のピラジン誘導体Hdppr−3FPを得た(橙色粉末、収率8%)。
ステップ1の合成スキームを下記(a−1)に示す。
ステップ1に続いて、2−エトキシエタノール4.5mL、水1.5mL、上記ステップ1で得たピラジン誘導体Hdppr−3FP0.40g、塩化イリジウム水和物(IrCl3・H2O)(Sigma−Aldrich社製)0.18gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 200W)を5時間照射し、反応させた。反応溶液より析出してきた橙色粉末をろ過し、エタノールにて洗浄することにより、複核錯体[Ir(dppr−3FP)2Cl]2 を得た(収率12%)。なお、マイクロ波の照射はマイクロ波合成装置(CEM社製 Discovery)を用いた。ステップ2の合成スキームを下記(b−1)に示す。
ステップ2に続き、2−エトキシエタノール5mL、上記ステップ2で得た複核錯体[Ir(dppr−3FP)2Cl]2 0.13g、アセチルアセトン0.02mL、炭酸ナトリウム0.078gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を15分間照射し、反応させた。反応溶液をろ過し、得られたろ液の溶媒を留去した。留去により得られた残渣を、メタノールにて再結晶することにより、Ir(dppr−3FP)2(acac)を得ることができる。(赤色粉末、収率100%)。ステップ3の合成スキームを下記(c−1)に示す。
101 ホール輸送層
102 電子輸送層
111 第1の有機化合物のHOMO準位
112 第1の有機化合物のLUMO準位
121 第2の有機化合物のHOMO準位
122 第2の有機化合物のLUMO準位
131 ピラジン系有機金属錯体のHOMO準位
132 ピラジン系有機金属錯体のLUMO準位
200 発光層
201 ホール輸送層
202 電子輸送層
211 第1の有機化合物のHOMO準位
212 第1の有機化合物のLUMO準位
221 第2の有機化合物のHOMO準位
222 第2の有機化合物のLUMO準位
231 ピラジン系有機金属錯体のHOMO準位
232 ピラジン系有機金属錯体のLUMO準位
301 第1の電極
302 第2の電極
311 ホール注入層
312 ホール輸送層
313 発光層
314 電子輸送層
315 電子注入層
321 第1の有機化合物
322 第2の有機化合物
323 ピラジン系有機金属錯体
401 筐体
402 液晶層
403 バックライト
404 筐体
405 ドライバIC
406 端子
411 筐体
412 光源
511 本体
512 筐体
513 表示部
514 キーボード
521 表示部
522 本体
523 アンテナ
524 音声出力部
525 音声入力部
526 操作スイッチ
532 筐体
533 スピーカー
601 駆動回路部(ソース側駆動回路)
602 画素部
603 駆動回路部(ゲート側駆動回路)
604 封止基板
605 シール材
607 空間
608 配線
609 FPC(フレキシブルプリントサーキット)
610 素子基板
611 スイッチング用TFT
612 電流制御用TFT
613 第1の電極
614 絶縁物
616 発光層を含む層
617 第2の電極
618 発光素子
623 Nチャネル型TFT
624 Pチャネル型TFT
951 基板
952 電極
953 絶縁層
954 隔壁層
955 発光層を含む層
956 電極
Claims (4)
- 第1の電極と第2の電極との間に発光層を有し、
前記第1の電極と前記発光層との間にホール輸送層を有し、
前記発光層と前記第2の電極との間に電子輸送層を有し、
前記発光層は、ホール輸送性を有する第1の有機化合物と、電子輸送性を有する第2の有機化合物と、有機金属錯体とを含み、
前記有機金属錯体は、ピラジン骨格を有する配位子を有し、中心金属はイリジウムであり、
前記発光層における、前記第1の有機化合物に対する前記第2の有機化合物の質量比は、5以上20以下であり、
前記第1の有機化合物のLUMO準位および前記第2の有機化合物のLUMO準位に比べ、前記有機金属錯体のLUMO準位は0.2eV以上深いことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 第1の電極と第2の電極との間に発光層を有し、
前記第1の電極と前記発光層との間にホール輸送層を有し、
前記発光層と前記第2の電極との間に電子輸送層を有し、
前記発光層は、ホール輸送性を有する第1の有機化合物と、電子輸送性を有する第2の有機化合物と、有機金属錯体とを含み、
前記有機金属錯体は、下記式(1)、下記式(9)、または下記式(18)で表される化合物であり、
前記発光層における、前記第1の有機化合物に対する前記第2の有機化合物の質量比は、5以上20以下であり、
前記第1の有機化合物のLUMO準位および前記第2の有機化合物のLUMO準位に比べ、前記有機金属錯体のLUMO準位は0.2eV以上深いことを特徴とする発光素子。
- 請求項1または2に記載の発光素子において、
前記第1の有機化合物は芳香族アミン化合物またはカルバゾール誘導体であることを特徴とする発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子において、
前記第2の有機化合物は複素芳香族化合物または金属錯体であることを特徴とする発光素子。
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WO2008065975A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting device |
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TWI440397B (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
KR101435503B1 (ko) | 2014-08-29 |
CN104091899A (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
CN101541916B (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
TW200840408A (en) | 2008-10-01 |
WO2008065975A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
TW201427483A (zh) | 2014-07-01 |
JP2008160098A (ja) | 2008-07-10 |
CN101541916A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
US10764974B2 (en) | 2020-09-01 |
US10129947B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 |
KR20090096478A (ko) | 2009-09-10 |
TWI558264B (zh) | 2016-11-11 |
US20080149923A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
CN104091899B (zh) | 2017-01-11 |
EP2087063A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
EP2087063A4 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
US20190053351A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
EP2087063B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
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