JP5504745B2 - 半導体素子 - Google Patents
半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5504745B2 JP5504745B2 JP2009188320A JP2009188320A JP5504745B2 JP 5504745 B2 JP5504745 B2 JP 5504745B2 JP 2009188320 A JP2009188320 A JP 2009188320A JP 2009188320 A JP2009188320 A JP 2009188320A JP 5504745 B2 JP5504745 B2 JP 5504745B2
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 427
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 152
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 627
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 70
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 29
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 8
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017115 AlSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
電子及び正孔が、ダイレクトトンネル現象により透過可能な厚さの空乏層を挟んで相互に接合されたp型半導体層及びn型半導体層を有し、
前記n型半導体層と前記p型半導体層との間に、両者のエネルギバンドがフラットになるフラットバンド電圧を印加した状態で、前記n型半導体層の禁制帯と前記p型半導体層の禁制帯とが部分的に重なり、電圧無印加時の平衡状態で、前記空乏層に連続するエネルギバンドの曲がり部よりも該空乏層から離れた領域において、前記p型半導体層の価電子帯上端の電子のエネルギレベルが、前記n型半導体層の伝導帯下端の電子のエネルギレベルと同等(等しい)か、またはそれよりも高い。
以上実施例に沿って本発明を説明したが、本発明はこれらに制限されるものではない。例えば、種々の変更、改良、組み合わせ等が可能なことは当業者に自明であろう。
電子及び正孔が、ダイレクトトンネル現象により透過可能な厚さの空乏層を挟んで相互に接合されたp型半導体層及びn型半導体層を有し、
前記n型半導体層と前記p型半導体層との間に、両者のエネルギバンドがフラットになるフラットバンド電圧を印加した状態で、前記n型半導体層の禁制帯と前記p型半導体層の禁制帯とが部分的に重なり、電圧無印加時の平衡状態で、前記空乏層に連続するエネルギバンドの曲がり部よりも該空乏層から離れた領域において、前記p型半導体層の価電子帯上端の電子のエネルギレベルが、前記n型半導体層の伝導帯下端の電子のエネルギレベルと同等か、またはそれよりも高い半導体素子。
前記p型半導体層と前記n型半導体層との間に、該p型半導体層と該n型半導体層とのいずれの禁制帯幅よりも広い禁制帯幅を持つ障壁層が配置されており、前記空乏層が、前記障壁層を含む付記1に記載の半導体素子。
前記p型半導体層と前記n型半導体層とが直接接しており、両者の接合界面を含む領域に、前記空乏層が形成されている付記1に記載の半導体素子。
前記n型半導体層よりも前記p型半導体層が低い電位になる極性の電圧を印加すると、前記p型半導体層の価電子帯の電子が、前記ポテンシャル障壁をダイレクトトンネリングして前記n型半導体層の伝導帯に輸送されるが、前記n型半導体層よりも前記p型半導体層が高い電位になる極性の電圧を印加しても、インターバンドトンネリングによる電子の輸送は生じない付記1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
前記n型半導体層、及び前記p型半導体層がIII−V族化合物半導体で形成されており、前記n型半導体層がInとAsとを含み、前記p型半導体層がAsとSbとを含む付記1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
前記n型半導体層が、相対的にn型不純物濃度の高いn型高濃度層と、相対的にn型不純物濃度の低いn型低濃度層とを含み、前記n型高濃度層が、前記n型低濃度層よりも前記p型半導体層側に配置されている付記1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
前記p型半導体層が、相対的にp型不純物濃度の高いp型高濃度層と、相対的にp型不純物濃度の低いp型低濃度層とを含み、前記p型高濃度層が、前記p型低濃度層よりも前記n型半導体層側に配置されている付記1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
前記n型半導体層が、相対的にIn組成比の高い高In組成層と、相対的にIn組成比の低い低In組成層とを含み、前記高In組成層が、前記低In組成層よりも前記p型半導体層側に配置されている付記5に記載の半導体素子。
前記p型半導体層が、相対的にSb組成比の高い高Sb組成層と、相対的にSb組成比の低い低Sb組成層とを含み、前記高Sb組成層が、前記低Sb組成層よりも前記n型半導体層側に配置されている付記5または8に記載の半導体素子。
前記n型半導体層がInGaAsで形成され、前記p型半導体層がGaAsSbで形成されている付記1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
さらに、前記n型半導体層、前記障壁層、及び前記p型半導体層を支持するInP基板を有する付記10に記載の半導体素子。
前記n型半導体層及びp型半導体層が、前記InP基板から上方に向かって、この順番に積層されており、
さらに、
前記InP基板と前記n型半導体層との間に配置され、前記n型半導体層と同一組成のn型半導体で形成されたn側オーミックコンタクト層と、
前記n側オーミックコンタクト層と前記n型半導体層との間に配置され、In及びPを含むn型半導体で形成されたエッチング停止層と、
前記n側オーミックコンタクト層にオーミックに接続されるn側電極と、
前記p型半導体層にオーミックに接続されるp側電極と
を有し、
平面視において、前記n側オーミックコンタクト層が、前記エッチング停止層から前記p型半導体層までの積層構造の縁よりも外側まで張り出した張り出し領域を含み、
前記n側電極が、前記張り出し領域の上に形成されている付記11に記載の半導体素子。
さらに、
前記p型半導体層の、前記n型半導体層とは反対側の表面上に配置され、前記n型半導体層と同一組成のn型半導体で形成されたp側オーミックコンタクト層と、
前記p側オーミックコンタクト層と前記p型半導体層との間に配置され、In、Ga、及びAsを含み、前記コンタクト層よりもIn組成が高いn型半導体で形成されたp側オーミック接続層と
を含み、前記p側電極が、前記p側オーミックコンタクト層に接続される付記12に記載の半導体素子。
さらに、
前記InP基板の上に形成され、入力端子と出力端子とを含み、該入力端子に入力された電気信号を増幅して前記出力端子に出力する増幅素子と、
前記InP基板の上に形成され、前記n側電極と前記出力端子とを接続する配線と
を有する付記12または13に記載の半導体素子。
電子がダイレクトトンネリング現象により通過できる厚さを有する障壁層と、
前記障壁層を挟むように配置されたp型半導体層及びn型半導体層と
を有し、
前記障壁層の禁制帯幅が、前記n型半導体層及び前記p型半導体層のいずれの禁制帯幅よりも広く、前記n型半導体層と前記p型半導体層との間に、両者のエネルギバンドがフラットになるフラットバンド電圧を印加した状態で、前記障壁層の価電子帯上端の正孔のエネルギレベルが、前記n型半導体層の価電子帯上端の正孔のエネルギレベルよりも高く、電圧無印加時の平衡状態で、前記障壁層と前記n型半導体層との界面、及び前記障壁層と前記p型半導体層との界面におけるエネルギバンド曲がり部よりも該界面から離れた領域において、前記p型半導体層の価電子帯上端の電子のエネルギレベルが、前記n型半導体層の伝導帯下端の電子のエネルギレベルと同等か、またはそれよりも高い半導体素子。
付記1乃至15に記載された半導体素子を含む検波器と、
前記検波器に接続された増幅器と
を有する受信装置。
11 バッファ層
12 n型半導体層
12A 低In組成層、n型低濃度層
12B 高In組成層
12C n型高濃度層
13 障壁層
14 p型半導体層
14A 低Sb組成層、p型低濃度層
14B 高Sb組成層
14C p型高濃度層
15 n側電極
16 p側電極
20、21 レジストパターン
25 n側オーミックコンタクト層
26 エッチング停止層
31 p側オーミック接続層
32 p側オーミックコンタクト層
35 導電膜
36 メサ
38 エッチング停止層
40 チャネル層
41 供給層
42 エッチング停止層
45、46 レジストパターン
48、49 オーミック電極
50 レジストパターン
51 リセス
54 ショットキゲート電極
56 層間絶縁膜
57 配線
60 アンテナ
61 増幅素子
62 検波素子
63 インダクタ
Claims (10)
- 電子及び正孔が、ダイレクトトンネル現象により透過可能な厚さの空乏層を挟んで相互に接合されたp型半導体層及びn型半導体層を有し、
前記n型半導体層と前記p型半導体層との間に、両者のエネルギバンドがフラットになるフラットバンド電圧を印加した状態で、前記n型半導体層の禁制帯と前記p型半導体層の禁制帯とが部分的に重なり、電圧無印加時の平衡状態で、前記空乏層に連続するエネルギバンドの曲がり部よりも該空乏層から離れた領域において、前記p型半導体層の価電子帯上端の電子のエネルギレベルが、前記n型半導体層の伝導帯下端の電子のエネルギレベルと同等か、またはそれよりも高い半導体素子。 - 前記p型半導体層と前記n型半導体層との間に、該p型半導体層と該n型半導体層とのいずれの禁制帯幅よりも広い禁制帯幅を持つ障壁層が配置されており、前記空乏層が、前記障壁層を含む請求項1に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記p型半導体層と前記n型半導体層とが直接接しており、両者の接合界面を含む領域に、前記空乏層が形成されている請求項1に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記n型半導体層よりも前記p型半導体層が低い電位になる極性の電圧を印加すると、前記p型半導体層の価電子帯の電子が、前記空乏層をダイレクトトンネリングして前記n型半導体層の伝導帯に輸送されるが、前記n型半導体層よりも前記p型半導体層が高い電位になる極性の電圧を印加しても、インターバンドトンネリングによる電子の輸送は生じない請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記n型半導体層、及び前記p型半導体層がIII−V族化合物半導体で形成されており、前記n型半導体層がInとAsとを含み、前記p型半導体層がAsとSbとを含む請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記n型半導体層が、相対的にn型不純物濃度の高いn型高濃度層と、相対的にn型不純物濃度の低いn型低濃度層とを含み、前記n型高濃度層が、前記n型低濃度層よりも前記p型半導体層側に配置されている請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記p型半導体層が、相対的にp型不純物濃度の高いp型高濃度層と、相対的にp型不純物濃度の低いp型低濃度層とを含み、前記p型高濃度層が、前記p型低濃度層よりも前記n型半導体層側に配置されている請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記n型半導体層が、相対的にIn組成比の高い高In組成層と、相対的にIn組成比の低い低In組成層とを含み、前記高In組成層が、前記低In組成層よりも前記p型半導体層側に配置されている請求項5に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記p型半導体層が、相対的にSb組成比の高い高Sb組成層と、相対的にSb組成比の低い低Sb組成層とを含み、前記高Sb組成層が、前記低Sb組成層よりも前記n型半導体層側に配置されている請求項5または8に記載の半導体素子。
- 電子がダイレクトトンネリング現象により通過できる厚さを有する障壁層と、
前記障壁層を挟むように配置されたp型半導体層及びn型半導体層と
を有し、
前記障壁層の禁制帯幅が、前記n型半導体層及び前記p型半導体層のいずれの禁制帯幅よりも広く、前記n型半導体層と前記p型半導体層との間に、両者のエネルギバンドがフラットになるフラットバンド電圧を印加した状態で、前記n型半導体層の禁制帯と前記p型半導体層の禁制帯とが部分的に重なり、かつ、前記障壁層の価電子帯上端の正孔のエネルギレベルが、前記n型半導体層の価電子帯上端の正孔のエネルギレベルよりも高く、電圧無印加時の平衡状態で、前記障壁層と前記n型半導体層との界面、及び前記障壁層と前記p型半導体層との界面におけるエネルギバンド曲がり部よりも該界面から離れた領域において、前記p型半導体層の価電子帯上端の電子のエネルギレベルが、前記n型半導体層の伝導帯下端の電子のエネルギレベルと同等か、またはそれよりも高い半導体素子。
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US8622939B2 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2014-01-07 | Bes Rehab Ltd. | Apparatus for manipulating joints of a limb |
US8334550B1 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-12-18 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Unipolar diode with low turn-on voltage |
JP5790262B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-01 | 2015-10-07 | 富士通株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JP5953840B2 (ja) | 2012-03-13 | 2016-07-20 | 富士通株式会社 | 半導体装置及び受信機 |
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US11043604B2 (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2021-06-22 | University Of Rochester | Low dark current, resonant cavity-enhanced infrared photodetectors |
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